This study investigated the seasonal and spatial distribution in species composition and numerical abundance of siphonophores in relation to environmental factors in the surrounding waters of Taiwan in February (winter) and May (spring) 2003 and August (summer) 2004. In total, 75 species belonging to 30 genera and 9 families were indentified, with the mean abundance of 387 ¡Ó 97 inds./100m3. The abundance of siphonophores showed clear seasonal change, higher in summer and winter, but lower in spring. The eight most dominant species were Lensia subtiloides, Chelophyes contorta, Muggiaea atlantica, Diphyes chamissonis, Bassia bassensis, C. appediculata, Abylopsis eschscholtzi and D. bojani, which together constituted 78¢H of the total siphonophores. Siphonophores showed higher abundance in the waters of northwestern Taiwan, while the species number and diversity were higher in the waters of eastern and southern Taiwan. Different dominant species showed different distribution patterns, and most species were dominated by sexual generation. The siphonopores assemblages exhibited apparent seasonal variations and were associated with water masses. The siphonophores found in this study mostly belong to the widespread oceanic and coastal species, and the composition of dominant species was similar to the previous studies in the northern South China Sea. The abundance of siphonophores showed significant negative correlation with salinity, while species richness and diversity were positive. Different predominant siphonophore species showed different correlationships with environmental factors; Muggiaea atlantica showed significant negative correlation with temperature, but Bassia bassnsis and Abylopsis eschscholtzi showed significant positive correlation with temperature. Most siphonophores were significantly and negatively correlated with salinity.

Temporal and spatial distribution in species composition and abundance of hydromedusae in relation to hydrographic variables in the waters surrounding Taiwan were investigated from February to November, 2004. A total of 101 species belonging to 65 genera and 34 families hydromedusae were identified, with the mean abundance of 557 ¡Ó 90 inds./1000m3. The abundance of hydromedusae showed no significant seasonal change but generally was higher in spring and fall, and lower in summer. The eight dominant species were Aglaura hemistoma¡BSolmundella bitentaculata¡BEutima levuka¡BLiriope tetraphylla¡BAglantha elata¡BLaodicea indica¡BRhopalonema velatum and Sminthea eurygaster, which together contributed 85% of the total hydromedusae. Hydromedusae showed higher abundance in the waters northwest off Taiwan, while the species number and diversity were higher in the waters east and south off Taiwan. Hydromedusa communities showed significant difference among water masses, higher abundance in China Costal Current, meanwhile higher species number and diversity in Kuroshio Current. Different dominant species showed different distribution patterns. The total abundance of hydromedusae showed no significant correlation with temperature or salinity, but were positive correlated with zooplankton abundance, while species richness were negatively correlated with zooplankton abundance. Different dominant hydromedusae species showed different correlationships with environmental factors; Aglaura hemistoma showed significant positive correlation with salinity, but Solmundella bitentaculata showed significant negative corelation with salinity. The correlationship between the abundance of each dominant species and evironmental factors varied seasonally.

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Thesis--København. / "Reprinted from Folia geographica Danica, tom VI." Translated by Miss Hilda Bojesen and Oscar Bojesen. Bibliography: p. [128]-134.

Thesis--København. / "Reprinted from Folia geographica Danica, tom VI." Translated by Miss Hilda Bojesen and Oscar Bojesen. Bibliography: p. [128]-134.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-141).

Thesis (S.M.)--Joint Program in Physical Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-143).

Thesis (M.S.)--Joint Program in Oceanography/ Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2006. / "September 2006." Bibliography: p. 74-79.

Orientador: Luiz Roberto Cottas / Banca: Antonio Celso de Oliveira Braga / Banca: Cássia Silveira de Assis / Resumo: O Plano de Desenvolvimento e Proteção Ambiental - PDPA, foi elaborado para nortear ações na busca de soluções para preservar um manancial indispensável ao abastecimento público da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Os documentos apresentados no PDPA deveriam permitir ao setor público lidar com duas variáveis de difícil tratamento isto é, a preservação do manancial hídrico e a expansão urbana, indicando pressupostos que orientariam os programas de recuperação da Bacia Hidrográfica do Guarapiranga. Em decorrência destes pressupostos destacados no capítulo 4 - item 4.1, o Plano de Desenvolvimento e Proteção Ambiental - PDPA, lidou com questões múltiplas atinentes ao uso e ocupação do solo da Bacia do Guarapiranga e à qualidade das águas de seus tributários e é sobre este documento que o trabalho, ora desenvolvido, analisa as ações propostas. Sempre com a visão crítica e, apesar da inegável qualidade deste plano, propondo reunir organizações públicas diversas, de esferas administrativas diferentes, com relevantes aspectos de ações dependentes de esforços combinados de dois ou mais executores, o PDPA, apesar da vanguarda nestas ações deixou alguns desafios a vencer e, mais ainda, lições que devem ser objeto de discussões e comentários, visando à sua absorção no caso de novos projetos semelhantes ao Guarapiranga. Portanto, este trabalho de dissertação apresenta, dentro do âmbito deste plano de recuperação ambiental, uma avaliação dos principais requisitos para uma ordenação do uso compatível com as condições da bacia hidrográfica, cujo principal objetivo é o abastecimento público de água de 3 milhões de habitantes. / Abstract: The Plan of Development and Environmental Protection - PDPA, was elaborated to guide action in the brainstorming to preserve an indispensable source to the public supplying of the Region Metropolitan of São Paulo. The documents presented in the PDPA would have to allow the public sector to deal with two variable of difficult treatment that is, the preservation of the hydric source and the urban expansion, indicating estimated that they would guide the programs of recovery of the Hydrogeographic Basin of the Guarapiranga. In result of these estimated detached in the chapter 4 - item 4.1, the Plan of Development and Environmental Protection - PDPA, it dealt with multiple questions to the use and occupation of the ground of the basin of the Guarapiranga and to the quality of waters of its tributaries and is on this document that the work, however developed, analyzes the actions proposals. Always with critical vision and despite the undeniable quality of this plan, considering congregating public organizations diverse, of different administrative spheres, with excellent aspects of dependent actions of agreed efforts of two or more executors, the PDPA, despite the vanguard in these actions left some challenges to win e, more still, lessons that must be objects of quarrels and commentaries aiming at to its absorption in the case of new similar projects to the Guarapiranga. Therefore, this work of dissertation inside aims at of the scope of this plan of environment recovery to evaluate if the same it took care of to the main requirements for an ordinance of the compatible use with the conditions of the hydraulic basin, whose main objective is water the public supplying of 3 million inhabitants. / Mestre

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