Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:41:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineAApdf.pdf: 2403213 bytes, checksum: dfc50c5f35575298ed9005c5d3fb4f7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In this paper, the Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH s) type hydrotalcite were synthesized, characterized and tested as basic heterogeneous catalysts for the production of biodiesel by transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol. The synthesis of materials Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH s) by co-precipitation method from nitrates of magnesium and aluminum, and sodium carbonate. The materials were submitted to the variation in chemical composition, which is the amount of Mg2+ ions replaced by Al3+. This variation affects the characteristic physico-chemical and reaction the solid. The molar ratio varied in the range of 1:1 and 3:1 magnesium / aluminum, and their values between 0.2 and 0.33. This study aims to evaluate the influence of variation of molar ratio of mixed oxides derived from LDH s and the influence of impregnation of a material with catalytic activity, the KI, the rate of conversion of sunflower oil into methyl esters (biodiesel) through transesterification by heterogeneous catalysis. .The catalysts were calcined at 550 ? C and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy of X-ray (SEM / EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and test basicity. The transesterification reaction was performed for reflux is a mixture of sunflower oil and methanol with a molar ratio of 15:1, a reaction time of 4h and a catalyst concentration of 2% by weight. The physical-chemical characterization of sunflower oil and biodiesel obtained by the route methyl submitted according NBR, EN, ASTM. Subsequently, it was with the chromatographic and thermogravimetric characterizations of oils. The results of chromatographic analysis showed that the catalysts were effective in converting vegetable oil into biodiesel, in particular the type hydrotalcite KI-HDL-R1, with a conversion of 99.2%, indicating the strong influence of the chemical composition of the material, in special due to presence of potassium in the structure of the catalyst / Neste trabalho, hidr?xidos duplos lamelares tipo hidrotalcita foram sintetizados, caracterizados e testados como catalisadores heterog?neos b?sicos para a produ??o de biodiesel por transesterifica??o de ?leo de girassol com metanol. A s?ntese dos materiais de hidr?xidos duplos lamelares (HDLs) procedeu-se pelo m?todo de co-precipita??o, a partir de nitratos de magn?sio e de alum?nio, carbonato de s?dio e hidr?xido de s?dio. Os materiais foram submetidos ? varia??o na propor??o qu?mica, que equivale ? quantidade de ?ons Mg2+ substitu?dos por Al3+. Essa varia??o afeta as propriedades f?sico-qu?micas do material. A raz?o molar variou na propor??o de 1:1 e 3:1 de magn?sio/alum?nio, estando seus valores entre 0,2 e 0,33. Realizou-se um estudo de impregna??o de iodeto de pot?ssio na estrutura dos HDLs, a fim de verificar se ocorre um aumento da basicidade nesses materiais. Os catalisadores obtidos foram calcinados ? 550 ?C e caracterizados por difra??o de raios X (DRX), microscopia eletr?nica de varredura e espectroscopia por energia dispersiva de raios X (MEV/EDS), an?lise termogravim?trica (TG) e teste de basicidade. A rea??o de transesterifica??o foi realizada refluxando-se uma mistura de metanol e ?leo de girassol com uma raz?o molar de 15:1, tempo de rea??o de 4h e uma concentra??o de 2% em massa de catalisador. A caracteriza??o f?sico-qu?mica do ?leo de girassol e dos biodieseis obtidos atrav?s da rota met?lica apresentou-se de acordo com as normas da NBR, EN, ASTM. Realizaram-se tamb?m as caracteriza??es cromatogr?ficas e termogravim?tricas dos biocombust?veis obtidos. Os resultados das an?lises cromatogr?ficas mostraram que os catalisadores foram eficientes na convers?o de ?leo vegetal em biodiesel, em especial o tipo hidrotalcita KI-HDL-R1, com uma convers?o de 99,2%, indicando a forte influ?ncia da composi??o qu?mica do material, particularmente com a presen?a do iodeto de pot?ssio na estrutura do catalisador