Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-12T19:19:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Matheus Gomes Ferreira.pdf: 3047516 bytes, checksum: 3232f27bdf2c2fd0b3942a410158e76e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-12T19:19:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Matheus Gomes Ferreira.pdf: 3047516 bytes, checksum: 3232f27bdf2c2fd0b3942a410158e76e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-10 / CAPES / In this work were prepared by coprecipitation and characterized by powder XRD and FTIR compounds of the hydrotalcite type, known as Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH), intercalated with the glyphosate anion (GLYP), and the conditions of preparation and the stoichiometric ratio Mg:Al:GLYP were studied. The best condition observed was under reflux for 30 hours and stoichiometric ratio 2: 1: 1 for Mg+2, Al+3 and GLYP, as indicated by the characteristic bands of LDH intercalated with glyphosate and no other bands present, which could be assigned to other intercalated ions or to free glyphosate. Under those preparation conditions the LDH interlamellar spacing was 0.62 nm, compatible with the intercalation of glyphosate. The controlled release of glyphosate was studied using ion exchange reactions of Layered Double Hydroxides containing glyphosate with an aqueous medium containing carbonate, chloride or nitrate anions. In those cases the glyphosate was quantified spectrophotometrically by Ruhemann's purple method (?max = 570 nm), and the initial releasing rates of 0.65 mg/ml/h (carbonate), 0.14 mg/ml/h (nitrate) and 0.08 mg/ml/h (chloride) were measured. Regarding the XRD patterns of the ion-exchanged products, it was observed that the structure of HDL was maintained, but with the reduction of the interlayer spacing in all cases, having a sufficient size for the anion of the involved ion exchange, but not enough for the presence of GLYP, demonstrating so that the exchange was successful. / Neste trabalho foram preparados por coprecipita??o e caracterizados por DRX de p? e FTIR compostos do tipo hidrotalcita, conhecidos como Hidr?xidos Duplos Lamelares (HDL), intercalados com o ?nion glifosato (GLYP), e foram estudadas as melhores condi??es de prepara??o e a raz?o estequiom?trica Mg:Al:GLYP. A melhor condi??o foi sob refluxo por 30 horas e raz?o estequiom?trica 2:1:1 para Mg+2, Al+3, e GLYP, a partir da observa??o das bandas caracter?sticas no espectro de FTIR de um HDL intercalado com glifosato, sem outras bandas presentes que pudessem ser atribu?das a outros ?ons intercalados ou ao glifosato livre. Nessas condi??es de preparo o espa?amento interlamelar do HDL foi de 0,62 nm, compat?vel com a intercala??o do glifosato. A libera??o controlada do glifosato foi estudada atrav?s de rea??es de troca i?nica dos Hidr?xidos Duplos Lamelares contendo glifosato com um meio aquoso contendo os ?nions carbonato, cloreto ou nitrato. Nestes casos o glifosato foi quantificado espectrofotometricamente pelo m?todo do p?rpura de Ruhemann (?max = 570 nm), e foram obtidas as taxas de libera??o iniciais de 0,65 mg/ml/h para carbonato, 0,08 mg/ml/h para cloreto e 0,14 mg/ml/h para nitrato. Nos difratogramas de raios-X dos produtos das trocas i?nicas, em todos os casos foram observadas a manuten??o da estrutura do HDL e a diminui??o do espa?o interlamelar, de 0,62 nm para valores entre 0,33 e 0,35 nm, tamanho suficiente para o ?nion da troca i?nica envolvido, mas n?o suficiente ainda para a presen?a de GLYP, demonstrando assim que a troca foi bem sucedida.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PauloHAH_DISSERT.pdf: 4112425 bytes, checksum: ab842493afe72a340f238b1cac2bc18f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The Layered Double Hydroxides has become extremely promising materials due to its range of applications, easily obtained in the laboratory and reusability after calcination, so the knowledge regarding their properties is of utmost importance. In this study were synthesized layered double hydroxides of two systems, Mg-Al and Zn-Al, and such materials were analyzed with X-ray diffraction and, from these data, we determined the volume density, planar atomic density, size crystallite, lattice parameters, interplanar spacing and interlayer space available. Such materials were also subjected to thermogravimetric analysis reasons for heating 5, 10, 20 and 25 ? C / min to determine kinetic parameters for the formation of metaphases HTD and HTB based on theoretical models Ozawa, Flynn-Wall Starink and Model Free Kinetics. In addition, the layered double hydroxides synthesized in this working ratios were calcined heating 2.5 ? C / min and 20 ? C / min, and tested for adsorption of nitrate anion in aqueous solution batch system at time intervals 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1h, 2h and 4h. Such calcined materials were also subjected to exposure to the atmosphere and at intervals of 1 week, 2 weeks and 1 month were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy to study the kinetics of regeneration determining structural called "memory effect" / Os Hidr?xidos Duplos Lamelares tem se tornado materiais extremamente promissores devido a sua gama de aplica??es, f?cil obten??o em laborat?rio e a possibilidade de reutiliza??o ap?s calcina??o, portanto o conhecimento referente ? suas propriedades ? de extrema relev?ncia. Neste estudo foram sintetizados hidr?xidos duplos lamelares de dois sistemas, Mg-Al e Zn-Al, e tais materiais foram submetidos a an?lise com difra??o de raios X e, a partir de tais dados, foram determinados a densidade volum?trica, densidade at?mica planar, tamanho do cristalito, par?metros de rede cristalina, dist?ncia interplanar e espa?o interlamelar dispon?vel. Tais materiais tamb?m foram submetidos ? an?lise termogravim?trica em raz?es de aquecimento de 5, 10, 20 e 25 ?C/min para determina??o de par?metros cin?ticos durante a forma??o das metafases HTD e HTB com base nos modelos te?ricos de Ozawa, Flynn-Wall, Starink e Model Free Kinetics. Al?m disso, os hidr?xidos duplos lamelares sintetizados neste trabalhado foram calcinados em raz?es de aquecimento de 2,5 ?C/min e 20 ?C/min e submetidos a ensaios de adsor??o de ?nion nitrato em solu??o aquosa em sistema de batelada em intervalos de tempo de 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1h, 2h e 4h. Tais materiais calcinados tamb?m foram submetidos ? exposi??o com a atmosfera e em intervalos de tempo de 1 semana e 2 semanas foram analisados atrav?s de difra??o de raios X para estudo determina??o da cin?tica de regenera??o estrutural denominada efeito mem?ria

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-23T19:49:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EdianaPaulaRebitski_DISSERT.pdf: 5282849 bytes, checksum: f1a7a2f4009a400f77db6f24d30a9596 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-27T19:26:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EdianaPaulaRebitski_DISSERT.pdf: 5282849 bytes, checksum: f1a7a2f4009a400f77db6f24d30a9596 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-27T19:26:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EdianaPaulaRebitski_DISSERT.pdf: 5282849 bytes, checksum: f1a7a2f4009a400f77db6f24d30a9596 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-22 / Bionanocomp?sitos s?o materiais nanoestruturados h?bridos org?nico-inorg?nico que envolvem uma contrapartida org?nica de origem biol?gica, por exemplo, um biopol?mero, associado a um s?lido inorg?nico em nanoescala. Materiais bioh?bridos a base de argilominerais (montmorillonita, sepiolita) e s?lidos inorg?nicos (hidr?xidos duplos lamelares) s?o uma boa op??o para diversas aplica??es (tais como biom?dicas) devido ao seu baixo custo, biodegradabilidade e biocompatibilidade. Devido a capacidade de troca i?nica, ?rea espec?fica elevada e a capacidade de adsor??o que esses materiais possuem, ? poss?vel combinar uma grande variedade de esp?cies org?nicas, tais como drogas, na qualidade de transportadoras. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta a prepara??o de novos bionanocomp?sitos com base na combina??o dos biopol?meros carboximetilcelulose e ze?na como revestimento do h?brido, argilomineral - antibi?tico e hidr?xidos duplos lamelares-antibi?tico. Para a s?ntese dos materiais bioh?bridos foi utilizado o antibi?tico neomicina de uso t?pico e amoxicilina de uso oral como f?rmacos modelos, o qual, foram incorporados nos argilominerais e hidr?xidos duplos lamelares por processo de intercala??o por troca i?nica e por adsor??o. / Bionanocomposites systems clay base (montmorillonite and sepiolite), layered double hidroxides and biopolymers (carboxymethylcellulose and zein) were evaluated as topical delivery systems with antibacterial activity and as oral delivery systems. For this study, neomycin, a topical antibiotic, indicated mainly for open wound infections. The drug amoxicillin, an antibiotic indicated mainly for throat infections, were also used in this study. Both antibiotics were used as model drugs. Initially, drugs were incorporated directly into the biopolymer matrix, comprising the combination of carboxymethylcellulos and zein, being conformed as movies and balls and evaluated for their antibacterial activity and controlled release simulating gastrointestinal fluids. Moreover, hybrids materials have been prepared where the neomycin drug was incorporated into the lamellar inorganic solids, such as montmorillonite by ion exchange reaction, and the fibrous type, such as sepiolite by adsorption in aqueous solution. But the drug amoxicillin was incorporated into layered double hydroxides by anion exchange and montmorillonite by cation exchange. The resulting hybrids were in turn combined with the biopolymer matrix yielding bionanocomposites shaped materials such as films were tested for their antibacterial activity, and the shaped materials beads were tested for their release in the gastrointestinal fluids. Through the analysis of various physico-chemical techniques, we observed the interactions between the studied materials, the formation of hybrids materials, obtaining the bionanocomposites materials and material efficiency when applied in controlled release of drugs both topical and use oral mainly influenced by the presence of zein, are promising as topical delivery systems and oral drugs.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:41:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineAApdf.pdf: 2403213 bytes, checksum: dfc50c5f35575298ed9005c5d3fb4f7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In this paper, the Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH s) type hydrotalcite were synthesized, characterized and tested as basic heterogeneous catalysts for the production of biodiesel by transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol. The synthesis of materials Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH s) by co-precipitation method from nitrates of magnesium and aluminum, and sodium carbonate. The materials were submitted to the variation in chemical composition, which is the amount of Mg2+ ions replaced by Al3+. This variation affects the characteristic physico-chemical and reaction the solid. The molar ratio varied in the range of 1:1 and 3:1 magnesium / aluminum, and their values between 0.2 and 0.33. This study aims to evaluate the influence of variation of molar ratio of mixed oxides derived from LDH s and the influence of impregnation of a material with catalytic activity, the KI, the rate of conversion of sunflower oil into methyl esters (biodiesel) through transesterification by heterogeneous catalysis. .The catalysts were calcined at 550 ? C and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy of X-ray (SEM / EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and test basicity. The transesterification reaction was performed for reflux is a mixture of sunflower oil and methanol with a molar ratio of 15:1, a reaction time of 4h and a catalyst concentration of 2% by weight. The physical-chemical characterization of sunflower oil and biodiesel obtained by the route methyl submitted according NBR, EN, ASTM. Subsequently, it was with the chromatographic and thermogravimetric characterizations of oils. The results of chromatographic analysis showed that the catalysts were effective in converting vegetable oil into biodiesel, in particular the type hydrotalcite KI-HDL-R1, with a conversion of 99.2%, indicating the strong influence of the chemical composition of the material, in special due to presence of potassium in the structure of the catalyst / Neste trabalho, hidr?xidos duplos lamelares tipo hidrotalcita foram sintetizados, caracterizados e testados como catalisadores heterog?neos b?sicos para a produ??o de biodiesel por transesterifica??o de ?leo de girassol com metanol. A s?ntese dos materiais de hidr?xidos duplos lamelares (HDLs) procedeu-se pelo m?todo de co-precipita??o, a partir de nitratos de magn?sio e de alum?nio, carbonato de s?dio e hidr?xido de s?dio. Os materiais foram submetidos ? varia??o na propor??o qu?mica, que equivale ? quantidade de ?ons Mg2+ substitu?dos por Al3+. Essa varia??o afeta as propriedades f?sico-qu?micas do material. A raz?o molar variou na propor??o de 1:1 e 3:1 de magn?sio/alum?nio, estando seus valores entre 0,2 e 0,33. Realizou-se um estudo de impregna??o de iodeto de pot?ssio na estrutura dos HDLs, a fim de verificar se ocorre um aumento da basicidade nesses materiais. Os catalisadores obtidos foram calcinados ? 550 ?C e caracterizados por difra??o de raios X (DRX), microscopia eletr?nica de varredura e espectroscopia por energia dispersiva de raios X (MEV/EDS), an?lise termogravim?trica (TG) e teste de basicidade. A rea??o de transesterifica??o foi realizada refluxando-se uma mistura de metanol e ?leo de girassol com uma raz?o molar de 15:1, tempo de rea??o de 4h e uma concentra??o de 2% em massa de catalisador. A caracteriza??o f?sico-qu?mica do ?leo de girassol e dos biodieseis obtidos atrav?s da rota met?lica apresentou-se de acordo com as normas da NBR, EN, ASTM. Realizaram-se tamb?m as caracteriza??es cromatogr?ficas e termogravim?tricas dos biocombust?veis obtidos. Os resultados das an?lises cromatogr?ficas mostraram que os catalisadores foram eficientes na convers?o de ?leo vegetal em biodiesel, em especial o tipo hidrotalcita KI-HDL-R1, com uma convers?o de 99,2%, indicando a forte influ?ncia da composi??o qu?mica do material, particularmente com a presen?a do iodeto de pot?ssio na estrutura do catalisador