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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The design of a hysteroscopy simulator /

Kruger, Gerrit V. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (MScIng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.
2

Outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy

De Jong, Peter 06 April 2017 (has links)
No description available.
3

Role and safety of diagnostic hysteroscopy in the management of endometrial cancer. / CUHK electronic theses & dissertations collection

January 2006 (has links)
Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynaecologic cancer in the United States with about 41,200 new cases projected to occur in 2006. It often presents with abnormal uterine bleeding and spreads to the cervix in 10 to 20% of cases. Whilst early diagnosis is essential for optimal disease treatment, the best investigation for abnormal uterine bleeding remains uncertain. Although hysteroscopy has been reported to have high accuracy in predicting normal or abnormal endometrial histopathology, its accuracy varies with the underlying pathology. The highest accuracy occurs in the diagnosis of intrauterine anatomical pathology such as endometrial polyp whereas it is at its lowest in microscopic histopathology such as endometrial hyperplasia. Hysteroscopy is also potentially useful for detecting tumour spread to the uterine cervix that helps in staging and surgical planning. However, the role of hysteroscopy with guided biopsy in detecting endometrial cancer and the choice of distension medium remain to be determined. As the uterine cavity is a collapsed space, hysteroscopy requires its distension with a gaseous or liquid medium to allow complete visualization of the uterine cavity. The use of such media to rinse the uterine cavity raises the concern that when the endometrium harbours endometrial carcinoma cells, there is a potential risk of retrograde dissemination of these cells into the peritoneal cavity. The work in this thesis has addressed four major issues of diagnostic hysteroscopy in the management of patients with endometrial carcinoma. Firstly, the role of diagnostic hysteroscopy and guided biopsy is limited especially in microscopic tumours. Secondly, the role of diagnostic hysteroscopy to detect cervical invasion in preoperative staging of endometrial carcinoma is proven and the usage of normal saline is more accurate than that which uses carbon dioxide. Thirdly, hysteroscopic dissemination occurs more frequent when using normal saline as opposed to carbon dioxide as the distension medium. Lastly, complete occlusion of both fallopian tubes can effectively prevent the dissemination of endometrial carcinoma cells into the peritoneal cavity during diagnostic hysteroscopy. / Lo, Wing Kit Keith. / "May 2006." / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-09, Section: B, page: 5873. / Thesis (M.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (167-193). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / School code: 1307.
4

Comparação do ultra-som e da histeroscopia como metodo diagnostico para as doenças intra-uterinas / Comparative study of ultrasonography and hysteroscopy for the detection of intrauterine diseases

Gomes, Daniela Angerame Yela, 1974- 11 July 2008 (has links)
Orientador: Ilza Maria Urbano Monteiro / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-07T13:24:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gomes_DanielaAngerameYela_D.pdf: 1084078 bytes, checksum: 7a9455d9433e04415da9abe38a3a7a0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Introdução: As doenças intra-uterinas são freqüentes entre as mulheres. Entre estas doenças podemos citar os pólipos endometriais, miomas, sinéquias intrauterinas, malformações uterinas, hiperplasias endometriais e câncer de endométrio. Para seu diagnóstico dispõe-se de métodos como o ultra-som e a histeroscopia diagnóstica, considerada padrão-ouro. O ultra-som, que surgiu na ginecologia na década de 70, avalia a espessura do endométrio, sua alteração de ecogenecidade e seus limites. Através destas características pode sugerir a doença, mas muitas vezes deixa dúvidas sobre o diagnóstico definitivo presente no útero. Apesar disso, é um método de fácil realização e com alta sensibilidade para alterações uterinas. A histeroscopia, por sua vez, é um exame mais preciso, pois permite uma melhor identificação das tumorações intracavitárias, embora para o diagnóstico definitivo seja freqüentemente necessário que se lance mão de biópsias. A dificuldade de aprendizado desta técnica tem atrapalhado a difusão da técnica. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia do ultra-som transvaginal e da histeroscopia ambulatorial no diagnóstico das alterações intra-uterinas. Sujeitos e Métodos: Foram realizados dois estudos, um deles com mulheres após a menopausa e outro na menacme. Os estudos foram retrospectivos, tipo teste diagnóstico. Dentre as 469 mulheres submetidas à histeroscopia ambulatorial diagnóstica no ano de 2006 no Centro de Atenção à Saúde da Mulher - Caism/Unicamp, foram excluídas 79 por não possuírem ultra-sonografia. Cento e quarenta e sete não estavam menopausadas e 243 já tinham apresentado menopausa. Foram calculados a sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo, valor preditivo negativo e a acurácia. O padrão-ouro para a ultra-sonografia foi à histeroscopia diagnóstica e para a histeroscopia diagnóstica foi o anatomopatológico. As fichas do estudo foram preenchidas através da análise de seus prontuários. Análise dos dados: Os dados coletados foram registrados em uma Planilha Excel e transferidos para o software SAS versão 9.1.3, considerando um nível de significância (a) de 0,05 e um poder (1-ß) de 0,80. Resultados: O grupo das mulheres na menopausa teve média de idade de 61± 9,4 anos. Observamos 6,6% de casos de hiperplasia endometrial e câncer de endométrio e o diagnóstico mais freqüente foi de pólipo endometrial (54%). O ultra-som apresentou sensibilidade de 95,6%, especificidade de 7,4% e acurácia de 53,7%, enquanto que a histeroscopia apresentou sensibilidade de 95,7%, especificidade de 83% e acurácia de 88,7%. No outro grupo, a média de idade foi de 40±8,2 anos. Não encontramos nenhum caso de câncer endometrial, mas houve três casos de hiperplasia de endométrio. A histeroscopia foi normal em 44% dos casos e observamos 34% de pólipos endometriais. A sensibilidade do ultra-som no diagnóstico de pólipo foi de 52,9% e a especificidade de 68,4%, com acurácia de 61,2%, enquanto que na histeroscopia a sensibilidade foi de 78,8%, a especificidade de 67,6% e a acurácia de 73,1%. No diagnóstico de mioma temos 70,6% e 64,3% de sensibilidade, 44,3% e 98,1% de especificidade e 63,3% e 91,2% de acurácia, respectivamente, para o ultra-som e para a histeroscopia. Conclusão: A histeroscopia apresentou maior acurácia que o ultra-som no diagnóstico das patologias intra-uterinas em ambos os grupos / Abstract: Introduction: Intrauterine diseases are common morbid disorders. Endometrial polyps, myomas, synechiae, uterine malformations, endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer are cited among intrauterine pathology. The investigations using ultrasonography and outpatient hysteroscopy had been a gold standard. Ultrasonography has been utilized for pelvic examination in the early 1970's. It shows endometrial thickness and heterogeneous variations within the echogenecity of the endometrium uterine pathology. Ultrasonography is easy to apply for evaluation of intrauterine pathology and it has high sensitivy to diagnostic for intrauterine disorders. Hysteroscopy was used the gold standard control. It permited the better identification of intrauterine pathology but the histologic examination has been used for definitive diagnostic. Difficulty apprenticeship this technique had been perturbed technique diffusion. Objectives: To evaluate the efficiency of transvaginal ultrasonography and outpatient hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of intrauterine pathology. Subjects and methods: Two studies were done, one with postmenopausal women and another with premenopausal women. The studies conducted were a retrospective diagnostic-type test. They involved a total of 469 women underwent diagnostic hysteroscopy in 2006 in Women's Integral Healthcare Center - CAISM/Unicamp. Seventy-nine women were excluded due to lack of ultrasound results in their medical charts. One-hundred and forty-seven premenopausal women and two-hundred and forty-three postmrnopausal women. For statistical analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy. The gold standard of the ultrasonography was the hysteroscopy and the gold standard of the hysteroscopy was the endometrium biopsy. The study chips were performed after analysis medical charts. Data analysis: The collected data were registered by means of the Microsoft Excel and transferred to SAS version 9.1.3 statistics program, considering a significance level (a) of 0.05 and 0.80 power (1-ß). Results: The mean age of postmenopausal women was 61±9.4 yaers. We observed 6.6% of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer and 54% of endometrial polyps. Ultrasonography had a sensitivity of 95.6%, a specificity of 7.4% and an accuracy of 53.7%, while hysteroscopy had a sensitivity of 95.7%, a specificity of 83% and an accuracy of 88.7%. The mean age of premenopausal women was 40±8.2 years. Endometrial cancer was not observed and two cases of endometrial hyperplasia were found. Hysteroscopy was normal in 44% and we observed 34% of endometrial polyps. Sensibility was 52.9%, specificity was 68.4% and the accuracy was 61.2% for polyps on ultrasonography while in hysteroscopy was 78.8%, 67.6% and 73.1% respectively. For myoma, sensitivily was 70.6% and 64.3%, specificity was 44.3% and 98.1% and accuracy was 63.3% and 91.2% in ultrasonography and hysteroscopy respectively. Conclusion: Hysteroscopy had better diagnostic accuracy than ultrasonography for the detection of intrauterine pathology. / Doutorado / Tocoginecologia / Doutor em Tocoginecologia
5

Avaliação de um serviço de histeroscopia cirurgica em um hospital universitario / Assessment of an operative hysteroscopy Unity at an University Hospital

Hidalgo, Simone Ravacci 27 August 2008 (has links)
Orientadores: Ilza Maria Urbano Monteiro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T13:46:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hidalgo_SimoneRavacci_M.pdf: 1290897 bytes, checksum: c6ce76b97515ddd12198bcbcfe5132af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Introdução: A cirurgia histeroscópica é indicada para o tratamento de doenças intra-uterinas como os pólipos endometriais, miomas submucosos, aderências e septos uterinos, além de investigação de infertilidade. O ensino da técnica histeroscópica costuma ser demorado, apresentando uma lenta curva de aprendizado. Apesar de ser um procedimento menos invasivo, não é livre de complicações e as principais são: perfuração uterina, laceração do colo do útero, absorção excessiva do meio líquido utilizado para distensão, infecção e hemorragia. Objetivo: comparar o serviço de histeroscopia cirúrgica do CAISM (Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher) em dois momentos (1999 e 2007), no que se refere ao tempo cirúrgico, à complexidade dos procedimentos e presença de complicações. Métodos: realizou-se um estudo descritivo de corte transversal, onde foram selecionadas 162 mulheres submetidas à histeroscopia cirúrgica em 1999 e 100 mulheres em 2007, no CAISM. Foram colhidos dados referentes ao tipo e duração do procedimento realizado, tipo e duração da anestesia e presença de complicações no ato operatório. Resultados: houve diminuição significativa do tempo de cirurgia (31,8 minutos para 19,7 minutos; p<0,0001) e do tempo de anestesia (160 min para 141,7 min; p=0,0246). A cirurgia mais realizada foi a polipectomia, com aumento de 54,8% para 71% (p=0,03). As taxas de complicações foram 8,06% e 9%, respectivamente em 1999 e 2007, com 8% de perfurações em ambos os períodos. Conclusão: a equipe cirúrgica evoluiu ao longo do tempo como demonstra o menor tempo de cirurgia sem aumento do número de complicações. A taxa de complicações está dentro do aceitável pela literatura, mas esforços devem ser feitos na tentativa de diminuir complicações. Palavras-chave: histeroscopia cirúrgica, complicações / Abstract: Introduction:hysteroscopy is indicated to treat intrauterine diseases such as endometrial polyps, submucous myomas, septate uterus, uterine synechiae and assessment of infertility. The main complications are uterine perforation, laceration of cervix, fluid overload, infection, hemorrhage. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the changes that ocurred in a operative hysteroscopy unit at a tertiary care university hospital in two different moments, analysing factors as operative time, procedure complexity and its complications. Methods: a retrospective descriptive study, including women undergoing operative hysteroscopy in two distinct periods (62 patients in 1999 and 100 in 2007), at CAISM/UNICAMP. Factors analysed were type and length of procedure, type and length of anesthesia, complications during the procedure, collected from medical reports. Results: there were a significant reduction in mean operative time (31,8 minutes to 19.7 minutes; p<0.0001) and mean anesthesia time (160 minutes to 141.7 minutes; p=0.0246). The most common procedure was polipectomy, increasing from 54.8% to 71% (p=0.03). The complication rate was 8.06% and 9%, respectively in 1999 and 2007, with 8% of uterine perforations. Conclusions: there was an evolution throughout the studied period as demonstrated by a decrease in operative time keeping the same complication rate, which is comparable to that in literature. More efforts should be taken to attempt less complications. Key words: operative hysteroscopy, complications / Mestrado / Tocoginecologia / Mestre em Tocoginecologia
6

Cost-effectiveness of an Outpatient Uterine Assessment and Treatment Unit in Patients with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Bennett, Alexandria 25 July 2019 (has links)
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most common presenting complaints in our medical system with up to 30% of females affected by this condition. The current evaluation and management of AUB often requires multiple lengthy visits to both general practitioners and specialists. Advances in endoscopic technology have allowed clinicians to diagnose and treat women presenting with AUB in a single-visit within an outpatient uterine assessment and treatment unit (UATU). Unfortunately, the UATU is not the standard of care with very few locations in Canada providing this type of service. This thesis project aimed to synthesize data pertaining to efficacy and safety as well as to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a UATU service model compared to usual care in diagnosing and treating AUB. To address the main aim for this thesis project, the first manuscript focuses on the hysteroscopic procedures that may be offered in a UATU. The manuscript includes a systematic review that synthesizes outcome measures surrounding efficacy, patient safety, and cost data of outpatient hysteroscopy compared to hysteroscopy performed in the operating room. The second manuscript is a cost-effectiveness modelling study that compares cost and effectiveness outcomes, including time to diagnosis and time to treatment of a UATU versus usual care for women who present with AUB. Data used to populate the cost-effectiveness model were obtained from a retrospective review of patient charts and the published literature. The systematic review found no statistically significant difference in the safety, efficacy, or patient tolerability between outpatient and intraoperative hysteroscopy procedures. This review helps provide further support for performing procedures outside of a traditional operating room without increasing patient harm or compromising efficacy. However, given the current available evidence and limited number of studies, findings should be interpreted with caution. The cost-effectiveness analysis found that a UATU is cost-effective when compared to usual care in diagnosing and treating patients who present with AUB. These two studies combined provide evidence to support that the UATU has the potential to improve gynecologic care by reducing wait-times to receiving diagnosis and treatment and to lower overall costs to the health care system.
7

Estudo comparativo entre tratamentos para as endometrites dos graus II e III em bovinos / Comparative study on treatments to bovine endometritis degrees II and III.

Meira Junior, Enoch Brandão de Souza 17 October 2014 (has links)
As endometrites representam um entrave à produção de bovinos leiteiros, à medida que a enfermidade diminui a fertilidade dos rebanhos e causa muitos prejuízos ligados ao custo de tratamento e perda produtiva. Este trabalho avaliou a validade e a eficiência do tratamento com Cefapirina, Ceftiofur e Oxitetraciclina. Para isso 120 animais diagnosticados com endometrite graus II e III pela técnica de histeroscopia fluida foram divididos em 4 grupos de 30 animais, sendo grupo controle (não tratado), um grupo tratado com 500 mg i.u. de Cefapirina, um grupo tratado com 6,6 mg/Kg de Ceftiofur e um grupo recebeu uma infusão de 4g de Oxitetraciclina i.u.. Os animais foram avaliados 4 vezes ou até alcançarem a cura. Avaliou-se o escore de condição corporal, a involução uterina por meio da mensuração dos diâmetros de cérvix e cornos uterinos, a presença e a característica do conteúdo uterino, o padrão hemodinâmico do útero, a resposta de citologia endometrial e a saúde endometrial por meio da histeroscopia. Os animais tratados com Cefapirina e Ceftiofur apresentaram diminuição da proporção de polimorfonucleares nas células recuperadas para citologia endometrial (P = 0,028). Todos os tratamentos apresentaram taxas de cura superior a do grupo controle, os tratamentos apresentaram taxa de cura pelo menos 23% superior a do controle (P = 0,042), porém não houve diferença entre os grupos. Não houve diferença na velocidade de cura entre os tratamentos. Em conclusão o emprego de tratamentos para endometrite é uma conduta aconselhável. Todos os tratamentos testados neste estudo obtiveram eficiência semelhante / Endometritis is a great barrier to the dairy production, as it diminishes fertility and causes economical losses with treatment costs and lowering production. This work has evaluated the value and the efficacy of the use of Cephapirin, Ceftiofur, and Oxitetracyclin for endometritis treatment. 120 animals were diagnosed with grade II and III endometrites trough hyteroscopic examination, and were allocated in four groups of 30 animals, control group (no treatment), Cephapin, that received i.u. Infusion of 500 mg of Cephapirin, Ceftiofur, received s.c. 6.6 mg/kg of Ceftiofur, and Oxitetracyclin, that got treated with i.u. Infusion of 4g of Oxitetracyclin. The animals were evaluated for four times or until they reached cure. Body condition score, Uterine involution assessed by ultrasound measurement of cervix and uterine horns, presence and the characteristic of uterine content, uterine hemodynamic patterns, cytology response, and uterine health response to treatment assessed by hysteroscopy were evaluated at each examination. Cows treated with Cephapirin and Ceftiofur presented a drop on the proportion of PMN retrieved at endometrial cytology examination (P = 0,028). All the treatments presented a bigger rate of cure than control group, at least 23% higher (P = 0,042); however, there was no difference among treatments. There was no difference on cure time among treatments. In conclusion, treating endometritis is an advisable conduct. All the treatments tested in this trial were equally efficient
8

Prevalência de pólipos endometriais pré-malignos e malignos em mulheres na pré e na pós-menopausa e fatores clínicos, ultrassonográficos e histeroscópicos associados à malignidade / Prevalence of premalignant and malignant endometrial polyps in premenopausal and postmenopausal women and clinical, sonographic and hysteroscopic factors associated with malignancy

Godoy Junior, Carlos Eduardo de 07 November 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Lúcia Helena Simões Costa Paiva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-07T13:41:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GodoyJunior_CarlosEduardode_M.pdf: 3229802 bytes, checksum: b1f86c528adec46a35b4dc29dfd94438 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo:Introdução: Os pólipos endometriais são achados freqüentes em mulheres durante a investigação de sangramento uterino anormal ou sangramento pósmenopausa. Apesar da baixa malignidade associada aos pólipos, a ressecção histeroscópica das lesões é conduta de rotina, levando diversas pacientes portadoras de lesões benignas à realização de tratamentos cirúrgicos. A partir disso, surge a necessidade de identificar fatores de risco para malignidade e métodos propedêuticos que tornem a indicação cirúrgica mais criteriosa. Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência de pólipos endometriais pré-malignos e malignos em mulheres na pré e na pós-menopausa e fatores clínicos, ultrassonográficos e histeroscópicos associados à malignidade. Sujeitos e Métodos: Foram selecionadas mulheres submetidas a ressecção histeroscópica de pólipos endometriais de janeiro de 1998 a dezembro de 2008, utilizando-se a base de dados informatizada do Hospital da Mulher Prof. Dr. José Aristodemo Pinotti - CAISM/UNICAMP. Foram incluídas 870 mulheres, com idades entre 25 e 85 anos, agrupadas em pré-menopausa ou pós-menopausa. Os dados clínicos, ultrassonográficos, histeroscópicos e histológicos foram obtidos através da revisão dos prontuários médicos. As variáveis clínicas avaliadas foram idade, sangramento pós-menopausa, tempo de menopausa, paridade, hipertensão arterial, obesidade, diabetes mellitus, uso de terapia hormonal e uso de tamoxifeno. Os pólipos foram classificados em benignos (pólipos endometriais, pólipos com hiperplasia simples ou complexa sem atipias), pré-malignos (pólipos com hiperplasia simples ou complexa com atipias) e pólipos malignos. Resultados: A média etária foi de 57,5 anos (+ 10,6), sendo que 76,4% encontravam-se na pós-menopausa. Foram diagnosticadas 95,8% de lesões benignas. Pólipos pré-malignos foram 1,6% dos casos. Pólipos malignos representaram 2,5% do total da amostra. O sangramento pós-menopausa e a idade avançada foram os únicos fatores clínicos associados ao maior risco de malignidade com RP de 3,67 (IC95% 1,69 - 7,97) e RP de 1,05 (IC95% 1,01 - 1,09), respectivamente. A avaliação ultrassonográfica da linha endometrial revelou maior espessura média nos pólipos malignos. Na histeroscopia cirúrgica, os maiores pólipos ressecados foram aqueles com hiperplasia complexa sem atipias, seguidos pelos pólipos carcinomatosos e pólipos com hiperplasia complexa com atipias. A medida ultrassonográfica da espessura endometrial de 13mm mostrou uma acurácia de 68,6% para o diagnóstico de malignidade, com sensibilidade de 69.6%, especificidade de 68,5%, VPP de 9,3% e VPN de 98%. Os pólipos de 30mm medidos pela histeroscopia mostraram uma acurácia de 65,3% para o diagnóstico de malignidade com sensibilidade de 47,8%, especificidade de 66,1%, VPP de 6,1% e VPN de 96,5%. Conclusões: A prevalência de malignidade nos pólipos endometriais foi baixa e esteve associada ao sangramento pós-menopausa e maior idade. A espessura endometrial à ultrassonografia e o tamanho dos pólipos endometrias à histeroscopia tiveram baixa acurácia para predizer malignidade nos pólipos endometriais / Abstract: Introduction: Endometrial polyps are frequent findings in women during investigation of abnormal uterine bleeding or postmenopausal bleeding. Despite the low malignancy rate associated with polyps, hysteroscopic resection of the lesions is routine practice, leading to surgical treatment in various patients with benign lesions. Therefore, there is a need to identify risk factors for malignancy and propaedeutic methods that can permit a more judicious indication for surgery. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of premalignant and malignant endometrial polyps in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, as well as clinical, ultrasound and hysteroscopic factors associated with malignancy. Subjects and Methods: Women undergoing hysteroscopic resection of endometrial polyps from January 1998 to December 2008 were selected, using a computerized database from the Prof. Dr. José Aristodemo Pinotti Women's Hospital- CAISM/UNICAMP. Eight hundred and seventy (870) women, aged between 25 and 85 years, grouped into premenopausal or postmenopausal were included in the study. Clinical, ultrasound, hysteroscopic and histologic data were obtained by medical chart review. The clinical variables evaluated were age, postmenopausal bleeding, time since menopause, parity, arterial hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hormonal therapy use and tamoxifen use. Polyps were classified as benign (endometrial polyps, polyps with non-atypical simple or complex hyperplasia), premalignant (polyps with atypical simple or complex hyperplasia) and malignant polyps. Results: The mean age of the patients was 57.5 years (+ 10.6), and 76.4% of these women were postmenopausal. Benign lesions were diagnosed in 95.8% of the patients. Premalignant polyps represented 1.6% of the cases. Malignant polyps accounted for 2.5% of the total sample. Postmenopausal bleeding and advanced age were the only clinical factors associated with a higher risk of malignancy with RP of 3.67 (95%CI 1.69 - 7.97) and RP of 1.05 (95%CI 1.01 - 1.09), respectively. Ultrasound evaluation of the endometrial thickness revealed that malignant polyps had a greater median thickness. On surgical hysteroscopy, the largest resected polyps were those with complex non-atypical hyperplasia, followed by carcinomatous polyps and polyps with atypical complex hyperplasia. A sonographically measured endometrial thickness of 13mm showed a diagnostic accuracy of 68.6% for malignancy, with a sensitivity of 69.6%, a specificity of 68.5%, PPV of 9.3% and NPV of 98%. Polyps of 30mm measured by hysteroscopy showed a diagnostic accuracy of 65.3% for malignancy with a sensitivity of 47.8%, a specificity of 66.1%, a VPP of 6.1% and a VPN of 96.5%. Conclusions: There was a low prevalence of malignancy in endometrial polyps that was associated with postmenopausal bleeding and more advanced age. Endometrial thickening on ultrasound evaluation and endometrial polyp size on hysteroscopy is able to predict malignancy in endometrial polyps with a low level of accuracy / Mestrado / Fisiopatologia Ginecológica / Mestre em Ciências da Saúde
9

Avaliação da taxa de malignidade de pólipos endometriais e dos fatores de risco associados

Azevedo, Júlia Marques da Rocha de January 2013 (has links)
Objetivo do estudo: Estimar a prevalência de lesões malignas e prémalignas nos pólipos endometriais e correlacionar com fatores associados com risco de neoplasia de endométrio. Métodos: Revisados dados sobre características clínicas e resultado anatomopatológico dos pólipos ressecados em histeroscopias cirúrgicas com polipectomia realizados entre janeiro de 2005 e julho de 2013 no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). Resultados: Incluídas 359 pacientes submetidas a polipectomias histeroscópicas. 87,2% das pacientes apresentaram pólipos benignos e 9,9% apresentaram hiperplasia sem atipias. Pólipos com hiperplasia atýpica corresponderam a 2,6% da amostra, enquanto que adenocarcinoma de endométrio foi encontrado de 0,3% dos casos. Verificou-se correlação de resultado maligno/pré-maligno dos pólipos com idade da paciente, seu status menopausal e a presença de sangramento uterino anormal. Todas as mulheres com resultados malignos/pré-malignos apresentaram sangramento uterino anormal. Observou-se maior frequência de malignidade dos pólipos entre usuárias de tamoxifeno, porém sem significância estatística (p 0,059%). Não houve correlação com hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus, obesidade, uso de terapia hormonal, espessura endometrial ou diâmetro do pólipo. Conclusão: A prevalência de lesões malignas/pré-malignas nos pólipos endometriais é baixa, tendo sido nula nas pacientes sem sangramento. Não se recomenda a exérese rotineira dos pólipos em pacientes assintomáticas. / Objective: To estimate the prevalence of malignant and premalignant lesions among endometrial polyps and correlate this prevalence with risk factors for endometrial neoplasms. Methods: Review of clinical and histopathological data on polyps resected during hysteroscopic polypectomies performed from January 2005 through July 2013 at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Brazil. Results: The sample comprised 359 patients who underwent hysteroscopic polypectomy. Overall, 87.2% of patients had benign polyps and 9.9% had hyperplasia without atypia. Polyps with atypical hyperplasia were found in 2.6% of patients, and endometrial adenocarcinoma, in 0.3%. Polyp malignancy/premalignancy correlated with patient age, menopausal status, and presence of abnormal uterine bleeding. All women with malignant/premalignant lesions had abnormal uterine bleeding.The rate of polyp malignancy was higher among tamoxifen users, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (p=0.059). There was no correlation with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, hormone replacement therapy, endometrial thickness, or polyp diameter. Conclusion: The prevalence of malignancy/premalignancy among endometrial polyps is low; no cases were identified in patients without uterine bleeding. Routine excision of asymptomatic polyps cannot be recommended.
10

Estudo comparativo entre tratamentos para as endometrites dos graus II e III em bovinos / Comparative study on treatments to bovine endometritis degrees II and III.

Enoch Brandão de Souza Meira Junior 17 October 2014 (has links)
As endometrites representam um entrave à produção de bovinos leiteiros, à medida que a enfermidade diminui a fertilidade dos rebanhos e causa muitos prejuízos ligados ao custo de tratamento e perda produtiva. Este trabalho avaliou a validade e a eficiência do tratamento com Cefapirina, Ceftiofur e Oxitetraciclina. Para isso 120 animais diagnosticados com endometrite graus II e III pela técnica de histeroscopia fluida foram divididos em 4 grupos de 30 animais, sendo grupo controle (não tratado), um grupo tratado com 500 mg i.u. de Cefapirina, um grupo tratado com 6,6 mg/Kg de Ceftiofur e um grupo recebeu uma infusão de 4g de Oxitetraciclina i.u.. Os animais foram avaliados 4 vezes ou até alcançarem a cura. Avaliou-se o escore de condição corporal, a involução uterina por meio da mensuração dos diâmetros de cérvix e cornos uterinos, a presença e a característica do conteúdo uterino, o padrão hemodinâmico do útero, a resposta de citologia endometrial e a saúde endometrial por meio da histeroscopia. Os animais tratados com Cefapirina e Ceftiofur apresentaram diminuição da proporção de polimorfonucleares nas células recuperadas para citologia endometrial (P = 0,028). Todos os tratamentos apresentaram taxas de cura superior a do grupo controle, os tratamentos apresentaram taxa de cura pelo menos 23% superior a do controle (P = 0,042), porém não houve diferença entre os grupos. Não houve diferença na velocidade de cura entre os tratamentos. Em conclusão o emprego de tratamentos para endometrite é uma conduta aconselhável. Todos os tratamentos testados neste estudo obtiveram eficiência semelhante / Endometritis is a great barrier to the dairy production, as it diminishes fertility and causes economical losses with treatment costs and lowering production. This work has evaluated the value and the efficacy of the use of Cephapirin, Ceftiofur, and Oxitetracyclin for endometritis treatment. 120 animals were diagnosed with grade II and III endometrites trough hyteroscopic examination, and were allocated in four groups of 30 animals, control group (no treatment), Cephapin, that received i.u. Infusion of 500 mg of Cephapirin, Ceftiofur, received s.c. 6.6 mg/kg of Ceftiofur, and Oxitetracyclin, that got treated with i.u. Infusion of 4g of Oxitetracyclin. The animals were evaluated for four times or until they reached cure. Body condition score, Uterine involution assessed by ultrasound measurement of cervix and uterine horns, presence and the characteristic of uterine content, uterine hemodynamic patterns, cytology response, and uterine health response to treatment assessed by hysteroscopy were evaluated at each examination. Cows treated with Cephapirin and Ceftiofur presented a drop on the proportion of PMN retrieved at endometrial cytology examination (P = 0,028). All the treatments presented a bigger rate of cure than control group, at least 23% higher (P = 0,042); however, there was no difference among treatments. There was no difference on cure time among treatments. In conclusion, treating endometritis is an advisable conduct. All the treatments tested in this trial were equally efficient

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