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Nell’ambito delle professioni mediche, quella del direttore sanitario aziendale risulta poco indagata. La ricerca – di tipo qualitativo, condotta sui direttori sanitari di tre ospedali di Milano – si propone di investigare questo ruolo professionale a partire dalle novità registrate nell’ultimo ventennio e dagli obiettivi che si pone nel proprio campo. L’ipotesi è che la figura esaminata abbia subito tali e profonde mutazioni per cui: a) in superficie, sono cambiate le competenze fondamentali per l’esercizio efficace del ruolo; in particolare, l’attività “produttiva” è stata affidata al “direttore medico di presidio” mentre la programmazione e il coordinamento strategico al direttore sanitario; b) in profondità, compromesse e dissolte quelle caratteristiche che Freidson considerava tipiche della professione, il direttore sanitario è andato costruendosi una nuova professionalità, caratterizzata dai saperi tecnici tradizionali, ma anche da nuove competenze manageriali. Viene ripercorso normativamente e storicamente il cambiamento intervenuto nel ruolo, fino a delinearne i nuovi ambiti di managerialità. Individuare tali competenze è utile per: includerle, mediante percorsi educativi specifici, nel fabbisogno formativo professionale, leggerne il ricorso e lo sviluppo, in una chiave isomorfica normativa, come funzionale allo stesso direttore sanitario per attivare/controllare il cambiamento, tanto nell’ospedale, quanto nel campo organizzativo della salute. / Within the scope of medical professions, the role of the chief medical officer is not so much investigated. The present quality-type research has been carried out on the activity of chief medical officers in three hospitals in Milan and aims to investigate this profession starting from the innovations it underwent during the last twenty years and from the goals it intends to reach. The hypothesis we formulated is that the role we are analyzing has undergone such deep changes that: a) on the surface, fundamental skills required for an efficient practice of this profession have changed; in particular, the “productive” activity has been entrusted to the hospital medical director, while programming and strategic coordination has been ascribed to the chief medical officer; b) in depth, since the characteristics considered as typical by Freidson were compromised and hence dissolved, chief medical officers have been acquiring a new professionalism, marked by traditional knowledge but also by new managerial skills. Changes occurred in this profession have been studied in the present dissertation both from a regulatory and from an historical point of view, in order to trace out the new scope of its managerial activities. Detecting skills is important: for including them among the educational needs of this profession to be acquired thanks to specific training paths, for tracing their recurrence and development in the frame of a normative isomorphism, which would be useful for the chief medical officer himself in order to start/monitor the changes as much in the hospital as in the whole organizational health field.

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Background:  Over the years, traditional entrepreneurs started businesses due to either pull or push factors within their environments. Research has been carried out in profiling different types of entrepreneurs and their characteristics. The social media influencers are new forms of entrepreneurs who recently appeared due to changes in the technological environments. The existence of social media platforms has enhanced the possibility of entrepreneurial activities online. The platforms are available for everyone, but some have more entrepreneurial orientation or characteristics than others.  Purpose: The aim of this research is to measure the entrepreneurial orientation and the characteristics of social media users, compare social media influencers with other social media users, to determine if differences exist. Methods:       This research uses the Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation scale (Bolton & Lane, 2012) and the Individual Personality Traits measuring scale (Al Mamun, Bin Yusoff, & Ibrahim, 2018). This is a deductive study, testing the above-mentioned theories on social media users, and a quantitative study aided using data collected from online survey. Conclusion:   The results of this study show that Social Media Influencer have higher entrepreneurial traits than non-Social Media Influencers.  The result also supports the three-factor structure and satisfactory reliability of the IEO scales and subscales. Subsequently, I found out that non-SMIs do create online contents and carry out entrepreneurial activities online too.

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