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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The TIR/BB-Loop Mimetic AS-1 Protects the Myocardium From Ischaemia/Reperfusion Injury

Cao, Zhijuan, Hu, Yulong, Wu, Wei, Ha, Tuanzhu, Kelley, Jim, Deng, Chenliang, Chen, Qi, Li, Chuanfu, Li, Jinheng, Li, Yuehua 04 December 2009 (has links)
AimsInnate immune and inflammatory responses are involved in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R)-mediated, MyD88-dependent nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation pathway plays an important role in the induction of innate immunity and inflammation. However, the role of the IL-1R-MyD88 pathway in myocardial I/R injury has not been thoroughly investigated. We hypothesized that inhibition of the interaction of IL-1R with MyD88 will attenuate myocardial ischaemic injury through reducing inflammatory responses.Methods and resultsMale C57BL/6 mice were subjected to myocardial ischaemia (45 min) followed by reperfusion (4 h). In the treatment group, after mice were subjected to ischaemia (45 min), the TIR/BB-loop mimetic (AS-1), which inhibits the interaction of IL-1R with MyD88, was administered immediately before reperfusion. Hearts were harvested and cellular proteins were isolated for immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. AS-1 administration significantly decreased infarct size by 32.92 compared with the untreated I/R group. Ejection fraction and fractional shortening in AS-1-treated mice were also significantly increased by 18.0 and 25.6, respectively, compared with the untreated I/R group. AS-1 administration significantly decreased the I/R-increased interaction between IL-1R and MyD88, attenuated the I/R-increased NF-κB binding activity, and reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules in the myocardium compared with the untreated I/R group. In addition, AS-1 administration significantly decreased myocardial myeloperoxidase activity by 23.6 and neutrophil infiltration in the myocardium compared with the untreated I/R group.ConclusionThe results demonstrated an important role for the IL-1R-mediated MyD88-dependent signalling pathway in myocardial I/R injury. The data suggest that modulation of the IL-1R/MyD88 interaction could be a strategy for reducing myocardial ischaemic injury.
2

Caracterização da sinalização via IL-1R durante a infecção experimental por Leishmania infantum / Characterization of IL-1R signaling during the experimental infection by Leishmania infantum

Oliveira, Pedro Alexandre Sampaio 11 November 2016 (has links)
As leishmanioses constituem um complexo de doenças causadas por protozoários do gênero Leishmania, as quais incluem diversas espécies responsáveis por desencadear formas clínicas distintas. A espécie Leishmania infantum, disseminada no Brasil e na América do Sul, está relacionada com comprometimento das vísceras, principalmente baço, fígado e medula óssea, apresentando alto índice de morbidade e mortalidade. É classicamente demonstrado que uma resposta mediada por linfócitos Th1 e Th17 conferem resistência na LV. Nesse sentido, as vias de sinalização ativadas, bem como os mediadores gerados durante a infecção, podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento da resposta imune protetora. Dentre as citocinas produzidas, destaca-se a IL-1 (IL-1? e IL- 1?) que possui papel importante na geração do processo inflamatório conferindo resistência às infecções fúngicas, bacterianas, e também na leishmaniose cutânea. No presente estudo, nosso objetivo foi determinar o papel da via de sinalização mediada por IL-1R durante a infecção experimental por Leishmania infantum. Nossos resultados demonstram que tanto IL-1? quanto IL-1? são produzidas durante a infecção in vivo por L. infantum, sugerindo sua participação na LV. De maneira interessante, a via de sinalização mediada por IL-1R parece estar envolvida na susceptibilidade ao protozoário, visto que animais geneticamente deficientes para IL-1R (IL-1R KO) são mais resistentes à infecção, apresentando menor número de parasitos no baço e fígado nas fases crônicas de infecção. Ainda, o fenômeno de susceptibilidade foi associado a uma regulação negativa da resposta inflamatória, principalmente acerca de células Th1 e também de Th17. A inflamação neutrofílica também foi alterada em animais IL-1R KO infectados. Foi observado aumento do número de neutrófilos bem como da produção de CXCL1 (KC), mediador quimioatraente para neutrófilos no baço de animais IL-1R KO, XVIII mas sem alterar o perfil de ativação dessas células. Ao determinar a citocina envolvida na regulação do processo inflamatório e consequentemente na susceptibilidade ao parasito, observamos que preferencialmente a IL-1? possui papel na progressão da doença, visto que a deleção gênica de enzimas essenciais para a liberação de IL-1? como Caspase 1/11 não alterou o número de parasitos no baço e fígado. Porém, na ausência de IL-1? foi observado um perfil de resistência associado ao aumento dos níveis de IFN-? e IL-17 nos órgãos alvos da doença. Confirmando o papel regulador, o tratamento com anticorpo monoclonal anti-IL1? em animais selvagens (do inglês wild type - WT) infectados reverteu o fenótipo de susceptibilidade e aumentou a resposta imune adaptativa na LV. Ao determinar o papel de IL-1?, macrófagos IL-1? KO diferenciados a partir de precursores de médula óssea, quando infectados com L. infantum, apresentaram concentrações elevadas de óxido nítrico no sobrenadante da cultura, quando comparados aos macrófagos IL-1R KO ou WT, confirmando um papel regulador da resposta imune efetora à infecção por L. infantum. Os efeitos reguladores de IL-1? parecem ser mediados por IL-10, visto que animais IL-1R KO possuem redução significativa dessa citocina mensurada no fígado durante a 6ª semana de infecção. Em conjunto, no presente trabalho demonstramos que a sinalização via IL-1R, com prevalência da IL-1?, regula negativamente a resposta imune efetora do perfil Th1 e Th17 . Consequentemente, há o comprometimento da migração de neutrófilos para o sítio de infecção e ativação de macrófagos permitindo o escape do parasito e estabelecimento da infecção. / The leishmaniases are a set of diseases caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania, which will lead to different clinical outcomes depending on the specific specie infecting the patient. The specie Leishmania infantum, already spread throughout Brazil and South America, is associated to visceral damage, mainly to the spleen, kidney and bone marrow, presenting high rates of morbidity and mortality. It is classically demonstrated that a response mediated by Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes promotes resistance to VL. Thus, the activated signaling pathways, as well as mediators generated during the infection, can assist in the development of a protective immune response. Among the expressed cytokines, the IL-1 (IL-1? e IL-1?) stands out for its important role in the inflammatory process and resistance to fungi and bacterial infections, and also in cutaneous leishmaniasis. In the present study, our aim was to determine the signaling role via IL-1R during experimental infection by L. infantum. Our results show IL-1? and IL-1? are produced in vivo infection by L. infantum, suggesting your participation in VL. Interestingly, the signaling pathway mediated by IL-1R appears to be involved in susceptibility to protozoal, since the animals genetically deficient for IL-1R (IL-1R KO) are more resistant to infection, presenting fewer parasites in the spleen and liver in chronic stages of infection. Additionally, the susceptibility phenomenon was associated with downregulation of the inflammatory response, mainly on Th1 cells and Th17. The neutrophilic inflammation has also been changed in IL-1R KO infected animals. Was observed an increase in neutrophils and production of CXCL1 (KC) in the spleen of IL- 1R KO animals, but without changing the activation profile of these cells. In determining the regulatory cytokine involved in the inflammatory process and therefore the susceptibility to the parasite, observed that IL-1? preferably has role in disease XX progression, since genic deletion of essential enzymes for IL-1? secretion (i.e.: Caspase 1/11) did not alter the number of parasites in the spleen and liver. However, in the absence of IL-1? was observed resistance profile associated with increased IFN-? and IL-17 in the target organ disease. Confirming the regulatory role, treatment with antiIL1? monoclonal antibody in WT mice infected reversed the susceptibility phenotype and increased adaptive immune response in LV. To determine the role of IL-1?, macrophages from IL-1? KO differentiated from bone marrow when infected with L. infantum showed high concentrations of nitric oxide in the culture supernatant when compared to macrophages from IL-1R KO and WT, confirming a regulatory role of the effector immune response to L. infantum infection. IL-1? regulatory effects appear to be mediated by IL-10, since IL-1R knockout animals have significant reduction of this cytokine measured in the liver during the 6th week of infection. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that IL-1R signaling pathway, with prevalence of IL-1?, negatively regulates effector immune response of Th1 and Th17 profile. Consequently, the impairment of neutrophil migration to the site of infection and activation of macrophages allowing the escape of the parasite and the establishment of infection.
3

Caracterização da sinalização via IL-1R durante a infecção experimental por Leishmania infantum / Characterization of IL-1R signaling during the experimental infection by Leishmania infantum

Pedro Alexandre Sampaio Oliveira 11 November 2016 (has links)
As leishmanioses constituem um complexo de doenças causadas por protozoários do gênero Leishmania, as quais incluem diversas espécies responsáveis por desencadear formas clínicas distintas. A espécie Leishmania infantum, disseminada no Brasil e na América do Sul, está relacionada com comprometimento das vísceras, principalmente baço, fígado e medula óssea, apresentando alto índice de morbidade e mortalidade. É classicamente demonstrado que uma resposta mediada por linfócitos Th1 e Th17 conferem resistência na LV. Nesse sentido, as vias de sinalização ativadas, bem como os mediadores gerados durante a infecção, podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento da resposta imune protetora. Dentre as citocinas produzidas, destaca-se a IL-1 (IL-1? e IL- 1?) que possui papel importante na geração do processo inflamatório conferindo resistência às infecções fúngicas, bacterianas, e também na leishmaniose cutânea. No presente estudo, nosso objetivo foi determinar o papel da via de sinalização mediada por IL-1R durante a infecção experimental por Leishmania infantum. Nossos resultados demonstram que tanto IL-1? quanto IL-1? são produzidas durante a infecção in vivo por L. infantum, sugerindo sua participação na LV. De maneira interessante, a via de sinalização mediada por IL-1R parece estar envolvida na susceptibilidade ao protozoário, visto que animais geneticamente deficientes para IL-1R (IL-1R KO) são mais resistentes à infecção, apresentando menor número de parasitos no baço e fígado nas fases crônicas de infecção. Ainda, o fenômeno de susceptibilidade foi associado a uma regulação negativa da resposta inflamatória, principalmente acerca de células Th1 e também de Th17. A inflamação neutrofílica também foi alterada em animais IL-1R KO infectados. Foi observado aumento do número de neutrófilos bem como da produção de CXCL1 (KC), mediador quimioatraente para neutrófilos no baço de animais IL-1R KO, XVIII mas sem alterar o perfil de ativação dessas células. Ao determinar a citocina envolvida na regulação do processo inflamatório e consequentemente na susceptibilidade ao parasito, observamos que preferencialmente a IL-1? possui papel na progressão da doença, visto que a deleção gênica de enzimas essenciais para a liberação de IL-1? como Caspase 1/11 não alterou o número de parasitos no baço e fígado. Porém, na ausência de IL-1? foi observado um perfil de resistência associado ao aumento dos níveis de IFN-? e IL-17 nos órgãos alvos da doença. Confirmando o papel regulador, o tratamento com anticorpo monoclonal anti-IL1? em animais selvagens (do inglês wild type - WT) infectados reverteu o fenótipo de susceptibilidade e aumentou a resposta imune adaptativa na LV. Ao determinar o papel de IL-1?, macrófagos IL-1? KO diferenciados a partir de precursores de médula óssea, quando infectados com L. infantum, apresentaram concentrações elevadas de óxido nítrico no sobrenadante da cultura, quando comparados aos macrófagos IL-1R KO ou WT, confirmando um papel regulador da resposta imune efetora à infecção por L. infantum. Os efeitos reguladores de IL-1? parecem ser mediados por IL-10, visto que animais IL-1R KO possuem redução significativa dessa citocina mensurada no fígado durante a 6ª semana de infecção. Em conjunto, no presente trabalho demonstramos que a sinalização via IL-1R, com prevalência da IL-1?, regula negativamente a resposta imune efetora do perfil Th1 e Th17 . Consequentemente, há o comprometimento da migração de neutrófilos para o sítio de infecção e ativação de macrófagos permitindo o escape do parasito e estabelecimento da infecção. / The leishmaniases are a set of diseases caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania, which will lead to different clinical outcomes depending on the specific specie infecting the patient. The specie Leishmania infantum, already spread throughout Brazil and South America, is associated to visceral damage, mainly to the spleen, kidney and bone marrow, presenting high rates of morbidity and mortality. It is classically demonstrated that a response mediated by Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes promotes resistance to VL. Thus, the activated signaling pathways, as well as mediators generated during the infection, can assist in the development of a protective immune response. Among the expressed cytokines, the IL-1 (IL-1? e IL-1?) stands out for its important role in the inflammatory process and resistance to fungi and bacterial infections, and also in cutaneous leishmaniasis. In the present study, our aim was to determine the signaling role via IL-1R during experimental infection by L. infantum. Our results show IL-1? and IL-1? are produced in vivo infection by L. infantum, suggesting your participation in VL. Interestingly, the signaling pathway mediated by IL-1R appears to be involved in susceptibility to protozoal, since the animals genetically deficient for IL-1R (IL-1R KO) are more resistant to infection, presenting fewer parasites in the spleen and liver in chronic stages of infection. Additionally, the susceptibility phenomenon was associated with downregulation of the inflammatory response, mainly on Th1 cells and Th17. The neutrophilic inflammation has also been changed in IL-1R KO infected animals. Was observed an increase in neutrophils and production of CXCL1 (KC) in the spleen of IL- 1R KO animals, but without changing the activation profile of these cells. In determining the regulatory cytokine involved in the inflammatory process and therefore the susceptibility to the parasite, observed that IL-1? preferably has role in disease XX progression, since genic deletion of essential enzymes for IL-1? secretion (i.e.: Caspase 1/11) did not alter the number of parasites in the spleen and liver. However, in the absence of IL-1? was observed resistance profile associated with increased IFN-? and IL-17 in the target organ disease. Confirming the regulatory role, treatment with antiIL1? monoclonal antibody in WT mice infected reversed the susceptibility phenotype and increased adaptive immune response in LV. To determine the role of IL-1?, macrophages from IL-1? KO differentiated from bone marrow when infected with L. infantum showed high concentrations of nitric oxide in the culture supernatant when compared to macrophages from IL-1R KO and WT, confirming a regulatory role of the effector immune response to L. infantum infection. IL-1? regulatory effects appear to be mediated by IL-10, since IL-1R knockout animals have significant reduction of this cytokine measured in the liver during the 6th week of infection. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that IL-1R signaling pathway, with prevalence of IL-1?, negatively regulates effector immune response of Th1 and Th17 profile. Consequently, the impairment of neutrophil migration to the site of infection and activation of macrophages allowing the escape of the parasite and the establishment of infection.
4

Silencing of pellino1 Improves Post-Infarct Cardiac Dysfunction and Attenuates Left Ventricular Remodelling in Mice

Wu, Wei, Hu, Yuanping, Li, Jiantao, Zhu, Weina, Ha, Tuanzhu, Que, Linli, Liu, Li, Zhu, Quan, Chen, Qi, Xu, Yong, Li, Chuanfu, Li, Yuehua 01 January 2014 (has links)
AimsPellino1 is an evolutionally conserved immune regulator and participates in the regulation of Toll-like receptor/interleukin-1 receptor (TLR/IL-1R)-mediated signalling. Recent studies have shown that TLR/IL-1R contributes to the left ventricular (LV) remodelling after myocardial infarction (MI). However, the role of Pellino1 in LV remodelling following MI has not been investigated. This study examined the effect of Pellino1 silencing on cardiac function and LV remodelling after MI.Methods and resultsMale C57BL/6 mice were subjected to permanent ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) to induce MI. The levels of Pellino1 were significantly increased in the myocardium 3 days and sustained for 4 weeks after MI, when compared with the sham control. Hypoxia increased Pellino1 expression in cultured cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. To examine whether Pellino1 plays a role in MI-induced cardiac dysfunction and the LV remodelling, we suppressed the expression of Pellino1 either by intramyocardial delivery of adenovirus expressing siRNA for Pellino1 (AdsiPeli1) or by Cre-LoxP-mediated conditional deletion of Pellino1 from the myocardium. In both models, silencing of Pellino1 significantly attenuated MI-induced cardiac dysfunction, decreased scar size, and reduced collagen deposition, when compared with the control groups. Pellino1 silencing in mice also attenuated MI-induced Pellino1 E3 ligase activity, receptor-interacting protein 1 and tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) ubiquitination, nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB) activity, cytokine production, and inflammatory cell infiltration into the myocardium when compared with the MI group.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that Pellino1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MI. Targeting Pellino1 may ameliorate cardiac dysfunction and remodelling following MI.
5

The TIR/BB-Loop Mimetic AS-1 Prevents Cardiac Hypertrophy by Inhibiting IL-1R-Mediated MyD88-Dependent Signaling

Zhu, Yun, Li, Ting, Song, Juan, Liu, Chunyang, Hu, Yulong, Que, Lingli, Ha, Tuanzhu, Kelley, Jim, Chen, Qi, Li, Chuanfu, Li, Yuehua 01 September 2011 (has links)
Activation of NF-κB contributes to cardiac hypertrophy and the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R)-mediated MyD88-dependent signaling pathway predominately activates NF-κB. Recent studies have shown that the TIR/ BB-Loop mimetic (AS-1) disrupted the interaction of MyD88 with the IL-1R, resulting in blunting of NF-κB activation. We have examined the effects of AS-1 on the IL-1b-induced hypertrophic response using cultured neonatal cardiac myocytes in vitro and transverse aortic constriction (TAC) pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. Neonatal cardiac myocytes were treated with AS-1 15 min prior to IL-1β stimulation for 24 h. AS-1 treatment significantly attenuated IL-1β-induced hypertrophic responses of cardiac myocytes. In vivo experiments showed that AS-1 administration prevented cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction induced by pressure overload. AS-1 administration disrupted the interaction of IL-1R with MyD88 in the pressure overloaded hearts and prevented activation of NF-κB. In addition, AS-1 prevented increases in activation of the MAPK pathway (p38 and p-ERK) in TAC-induced hypertrophic hearts. Our data suggest that the IL-1R-mediated MyD88-dependent signaling pathway plays a role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and AS-1 attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy is mediated by blocking the interaction between IL-1R and MyD88, resulting in decreased NF-κB binding activity and decreased MAPK activation.
6

Mecanismos envolvidos na indução da inflamação alérgica pulmonar pela serino protease subtilisina. / Mechanisms involved in the induction of allergic lung inflammation to serine protease subtilisin.

Florsheim, Esther Borges 15 September 2014 (has links)
A asma ocupacional é a forma mais comum de doença pulmonar relacionada ao trabalho e vários dos casos reportados estão correlacionados à exposição de proteases. A serino protease subtilisina foi bastante utilizada na década de 60 e foi a principal responsável pela alta incidência de asma na indústria de detergente. Este projeto visou a desenvolver um modelo murino de inflamação alérgica pulmonar à subtilisina e caracterizar os mecanismos principais envolvidos nessa resposta. A sensibilização e desafio com subtilisina induziu doença alérgica pulmonar, verificada pela eosinofilia às vias aéreas, produção de muco, IgE total, hiper reatividade brônquica e produção de citocinas tipo II no pulmão. Estas respostas foram dependentes da atividade enzimática da subtilisina, PAR-2, receptor de IL-33 ST2, IL-1R e da sinalização via MyD88. Em conjunto, nossos resultados estabelecem um novo modelo experimental de asma ocupacional induzida por subtilisina e fornece os principais mecanismos moleculares responsáveis pela inflamação alérgica. / Occupational asthma is the most common form of pulmonary disease related to work. Most of occupational asthma cases reported are strictly correlated with proteases exposure. Serine protease subtilisin was widely used in the detergent industry during the 60s, which resulted in increased incidence of occupational asthma. We aimed to develop and characterize a murine model of occupational asthma using subtilisin as allergen. Briefly, sensitization and challenge with subtilisin triggered lung allergic inflammation, as accessed by eosinophilic influx to the airways, mucus production, and increased levels of type II cytokines. Subtilisin induced total IgE and airway hyperactivity. Allergic responses to subtilisin were dependent on its serine protease activity, protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2, IL-33 receptor ST2, IL-1R, and Myd88 signaling. Together, these data establish a new murine model of occupational asthma induced by subtilisin and provide the main molecular mechanisms responsible for allergic inflammation.
7

Mecanismos envolvidos na indução da inflamação alérgica pulmonar pela serino protease subtilisina. / Mechanisms involved in the induction of allergic lung inflammation to serine protease subtilisin.

Esther Borges Florsheim 15 September 2014 (has links)
A asma ocupacional é a forma mais comum de doença pulmonar relacionada ao trabalho e vários dos casos reportados estão correlacionados à exposição de proteases. A serino protease subtilisina foi bastante utilizada na década de 60 e foi a principal responsável pela alta incidência de asma na indústria de detergente. Este projeto visou a desenvolver um modelo murino de inflamação alérgica pulmonar à subtilisina e caracterizar os mecanismos principais envolvidos nessa resposta. A sensibilização e desafio com subtilisina induziu doença alérgica pulmonar, verificada pela eosinofilia às vias aéreas, produção de muco, IgE total, hiper reatividade brônquica e produção de citocinas tipo II no pulmão. Estas respostas foram dependentes da atividade enzimática da subtilisina, PAR-2, receptor de IL-33 ST2, IL-1R e da sinalização via MyD88. Em conjunto, nossos resultados estabelecem um novo modelo experimental de asma ocupacional induzida por subtilisina e fornece os principais mecanismos moleculares responsáveis pela inflamação alérgica. / Occupational asthma is the most common form of pulmonary disease related to work. Most of occupational asthma cases reported are strictly correlated with proteases exposure. Serine protease subtilisin was widely used in the detergent industry during the 60s, which resulted in increased incidence of occupational asthma. We aimed to develop and characterize a murine model of occupational asthma using subtilisin as allergen. Briefly, sensitization and challenge with subtilisin triggered lung allergic inflammation, as accessed by eosinophilic influx to the airways, mucus production, and increased levels of type II cytokines. Subtilisin induced total IgE and airway hyperactivity. Allergic responses to subtilisin were dependent on its serine protease activity, protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2, IL-33 receptor ST2, IL-1R, and Myd88 signaling. Together, these data establish a new murine model of occupational asthma induced by subtilisin and provide the main molecular mechanisms responsible for allergic inflammation.

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