The research involves mapping of subsurface at a scale of 1:25,000 the top of three geological formations in the Southern Part of Sumatra – the Airbenakat Formation, the top of the Talangakar Formation, and the top of structural basement in the Jambi Trough. Isopach maps of the formations will be constructed. These maps will form the basis of a basin analysis and hydrocarbon source rock assessment of the Jambi Trough using Basin Mod basin modeling software (Rockworks Software). The studies utilize the L. Bogue Hunt Southeast Asia database housed in the Department of Geological Sciences at Ball State University. Seismic record sections, geophysical logs, cutting descriptions, and paleontological reports will provide basic geological data to enable mapping of the three horizons. Although hydrocarbon accumulations are abundant in Central and Southern Sumatra, the nature of the source rocks is only partially understood. The proposed research will map the Airbenakat and Talangakar Formations while identifying the areas of thermally mature source rock is the main goal of the research. This study will identify characteristics which will enable the identification of thermally mature rocks in other regions of Sumatra. The area of the project is located at the Southeastern part of Asia in Indonesia and mainly the Jambi trough located in Southern Sumatra. Generally, the geology and tectonics of this area (Sumatra) is controlled by the subduction of the Indian plate towards the east and beneath the Eurasia plate. / Department of Geological Sciences

This thesis deals with an influential young Muslim intellectual movement, Jong Islamieten Bond (JIB), which had active towards the end of the Dutch Colonial era in Indonesia. It will first investigate the circumstances under which the JIB was founded. Second, it will go on to survey the development of the organization with respect to its leadership between 1924 to 1942. Finally, this thesis will analyze in some detail the ideology and the activities of the movement. It will attempt to shed a light on the JIB's role in defining Islam as both a religion and an ideology in the struggle to form an Indonesian identity for the future Indonesian nation.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1982. / Bibliography: leaves 184-198. / Microfiche. / xi, 198 leaves, bound ill., maps 29 cm

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1988. / Bibliography: leaves 374-398. / Microfilm. / xviii, 398 leaves, bound ill., maps 29 cm

Typescript. / Thesis (Dr.P.H.)--University of Hawaii, 1986. / Bibliography: leaves [302]-313. / xxi, 313 leaves, bound ill., maps 29 cm

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-86). / xi, 86 leaves, bound ill., maps 29 cm

This study is aimed at developing policies for energy efficiency by observing the past changes of energy use in Indonesia???s manufacturing sector over the period 1980???2000, and to investigate mitigation options for energy-related CO2 emissions in the sector. The first part of the study uses decomposition analysis to assess the effect of the changes in energy consumption and the level of CO2 emissions, while the second part investigates energy efficiency improvement strategies and the use of economic instruments to mitigate CO2 emissions in the manufacturing sector. Economic activity was the dominant factor in increasing energy consumption over the whole period of analysis, followed by the energy intensity effect and then the structural effect. The increase in aggregate energy intensity over the period 1980-2000 was mainly driven by the energy intensity effect. In turn, the technical effect was the dominant contributor to changes in energy intensity effect, with the fuel-mix effect being of lesser importance. Changes in CO2 emissions were dominated by economic activity and structural change. Sub-sectors that would benefit from fuel switching and energy efficiency improvements are the textile, paper, and non-metal sub-sectors. Three main options for reducing CO2 emissions from the manufacturing sector were considered: the imposition of a carbon tax, energy efficiency initiatives, and other mitigation measures. A carbon tax was found to reduce sectoral emissions from the direct use of oil, gas and coal, but increased the demand for electricity. At the practical level, energy efficiency improvements can be implemented by adopting energy efficient technologies that can reduce aggregate energy intensity up to 37.1 per cent from the base-year level, estimated after imposition of a carbon tax at $30 per tonne of carbon. A major priority for energy efficiency improvements was found to be in the textile and the paper and chemical sub-sectors. A mitigation measure such as the Clean Development Mechanisms could be encouraged in order to reduce projected emission levels. The preferred option would be the adoption of energy efficient technologies in the textile, chemical, paper and non-metal sub-sectors.

Brackish water aquaculture is one of the largest coastal industries in Indonesia. This farming system involves the construction of ponds m coastal sediments. Many ponds in Indonesia have been abandoned due to past development of ponds in acid 8ulfate soils (ASS); these soils produce sulfuric acid through the oxidation of pyrite du ring and after the sediments have been excavated. The soils also contain elevated concentrations of metal such as iron and aluminium which are harmful to farmed fish and shrimp. Acidification of pond soil causes recurrent fish and shrimp mortalities, poor growth rate in fish and shrimp, soft shell syndrome in shrimp and low plankton densities, Pond maintenance costs in ASS are also significantly higher than non-ASS ponds. There are over 6.7 million ha of ASS In Indonesia of which 35% has been developed for brackish water aquaculture. This study developed and trialled methods of soil remediation to restore abandoned ASS-affected ponds. The main objective was to develop methods at remediation that were scientifically sound but also practical and inexpensive for farmers. The research involved characterising, in detail, the chemical and physical properties of ponds soil followed by laboratory-based experiments to improve soil properties. The results of laboratory trials were the basis for large-scale field experiments to test soil remediation strategies. The study showed that pond bottoms could be improved by forced oxidation, flooding and water exchange followed by Iiming and fertilising. Up to 500% increases in productivity were achieved by this method and soils conditions Improved significantly. A further twofold productivity increase was achieved by an integrated liming method in which lime is added to rebuilt or new dykes in layers. A juvenile shrimp production system was developed for ponds that were too severely degraded or costly to remediate. The research developed methods of preventing metal toxicity in Juvenile shrimp. The study showed that aquaculture ponds built in ASS could be remediated and returned to viable production systems. Importantly, the study has developed a more detailed understanding of chemical properties In ASS-affected ponds.

Bibliography: leaves 340-374. / xxi, 374 leaves : ill. (chiefly col.), maps ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geographical and Environmental Studies, 1999?

Bibliography: leaves 567-588 / xv, 588 leaves : maps (1 folded) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, 1991