Anti-Chinese violence in Indonesia reached a climax in Jakarta and elsewhere in May 1998 against a background of dramatic social and political change. This study presents close analysis of selected incidents that occurred mainly in Java in the years prior to this and in its aftermath. It tests explanations of anti-Chinese violence based on economic resentment, religious difference or state-sponsorship. By highlighting ethnicity as the single constant, as well as the importance of locating agency and responsibility, and the sources of representations of events of mass violence, the study challenges existing understandings of “anti-Chinese” violence. The approach taken recognises that violence against ethnic Chinese Indonesians must be viewed within the context of Indonesian nationalism and alongside other violence in Indonesia. It cannot be separated from the national political, social and economic turmoil of that time. In addition, it emphasises the competing representations of “Chineseness” and anti-Chinese violence for what they reveal about the motives behind certain explanations of violence and the events themselves. Of central significance is the way in which anti-Chinese violence is represented and perceived in Indonesian society as normal, natural and everyday. This study stresses the importance of listening to the voices of victims of violence and seeks to recognise the moral concerns related to scholarly and “official” generalisations about violence and suffering in particular. Framed in this way this approach poses the fundamental question, “Is there anti-Chinese violence in Indonesia?”

Since the advent of the women's movement, the mass media and literary classics have become targets for intensive scrutiny by some feminists who are concerned with the role and influence the media and literature play in promoting a gendered society. This thesis, focuses mainly on representations of Indonesian women as presented by the Jakarta-based women's magazine, femina. By analysing six articles that appeared in the magazine from the 1970s to the 1990s, representations of gender relationships have been highlighted. Shaped dominantly by Islamic beliefs, and the Javanese values, which consist of a syncretic blend of Animist, Hindu, Buddhist and Islamic beliefs, contemporary Indonesian society is dominated by a strong political state and patriarchal value system which downgrades women. Resulting from the political changes introduced by the New Order, there has been a pivotal transformation of Indonesian women's organisations. The regime strongly encourages wives' organisations, despite the full equality guaranteed to men and women by the 1945 Constitution. It is demanded of Indonesian women that their foremost duties are their motherly and wifely roles. The influence of the priyayi, the Javanese elite, who believe that woman's destiny is primarily centred on her role as wife and mother, is partially responsible for the continuing influence of this ideal and the way it subordinates women to men. The religious traditions are also not without considerable influence in this area. These values can be found in the articles examined. Further, the thesis investigates attitudes to women who work outside the home, the double burden that they carry, and any changes in the representations of women and gender relations over the twenty years as revealed infemina.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Westminster Theological Seminary, 1991. / Includes manual entitled: Shepherding God's flock in Christian Evangelical Church in Minahasa (GMIM), Eastern part of Indonesia. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.), Anthropology (Development studies) Mini-thesis. / Title from start screen (viewed Sept. 2, 2004). "March 1994."

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Münster (Westfalen), 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 273-294).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-199).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-199).

No description available.

Bibliography: leaves 102-105. Presents an ecological management plan for Riung to ensure that the unique environment and traditional culture are protected while ecotourism thrives. Provides strategies and actions; and designed as a model for an Indonesian ecotourism management plan.

The rational comprehensive approach to planning has proven unable to reduce urban poverty due either to the exclusion or to the inappropriate inclusion of indigenous knowledge in planning practice. As an alternative, this dissertation analyzes (1) the capacity of local residents to apply their indigenous, contextual, experience-based knowledge towards the reduction of urban poverty and (2) the processes by which they do so. The research was based on an ethnographic case study of a single, low-income, urban neighborhood, Gondolayu Lor, in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The primary research methods included: 22 months of field observation, 48 in-depth interviews, 44 oral histories, and a census of the 275 households in the case study community. The dissertation found that local residents conceptualized poverty in terms of multifaceted deprivation, and for the purposes of community-based planning, three manifestations of poverty were identified for alleviation: (1) land tenure insecurity, (2) lack of preventive health care, and (3) the inaccessibility of information and reading materials. Through an analysis of community-based planning efforts in these areas, this study uncovered a diverse array of social spaces that provided windows of opportunity as well as obstacles to the community's poverty alleviation efforts. It was concluded that the capacity of indigenous knowledge depends largely on the ability of local residents to navigate these spaces. At times, this required commumty activists to redefine existing spaces, create new spaces, and/or abandon those that were deemed ineffective. It was also found that local residents engaged in community-based planning in a way not previously accounted for in either the inclusion or social mobilization models of citizen participation. This alternative form of citizen participation, referred to as pragmatic empowerment, was incremental in nature, grassroots in origin, yet practical (as opposed to political) in its objectives. In conclusion, the three examples of community-based planning analyzed demonstrate that local residents hold valuable knowledge for alleviating community-level poverty; however, they were unable to address chronic household-level poverty. In terms of implications for practice, this finding led the author to conclude that, in addition to community-based planning, a reliable social safety net must be provided if household-level poverty is to be substantially reduced in the future. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate