Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-05-28T12:14:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 469458 - Texto Completo.pdf: 15561298 bytes, checksum: 3e2aef91e88f708205203abd85b8f44c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-28T12:14:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 469458 - Texto Completo.pdf: 15561298 bytes, checksum: 3e2aef91e88f708205203abd85b8f44c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-18 / This is a retrospective study reporting 35 years of kidney transplantation at Hospital S?o Lucas da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul. An historical approach of the origins and development of the Nephrology Unit over the years was performed. Data were separated into different eras, based on the type of immunosuppression, and the patient?s characteristics before, during and after transplantation were assessed. There were significant differences between each era, mainly on the characteristics of the recipients and donors, but also in the rates of complications and technical aspects of surgery. A total of 1231 transplants were performed until 2013, April 30. Of these, 55.8% were male, white (86.9%) and 76.6% from deceased donors. Most recipients aged between 19 and 59 years (77.5%), and 1.9% over 70 years. Significant differences were observed between the characteristics of each era, especially in relation to recipients and donors. Through the eras, an increased number of patients are being transplanted, with grafts from older donors (p<0.001) subjected to longer cold ischemia times (p<0.001) transplanted in an increasing proportion of elderly recipients (p<0.001), maintained in a longer period on the waiting list (p<0.001). Fewer episodes of rejection were observed (p<0.001), lower incidence of some clinical complications such as myocardial infarction (p<0.001), strokes (p=0.02) and post-??transplant diabetes (p<0.001), along of the time. In the present era, survival of patients at 1, 3 and 5 years were 98.3%, 94.6% and 90.5% for living donors and 92.4%, 87.2% and 80.7% for deceased donors, respectively. Survival of grafts were, for living donors, 92.2%, 88.7% and 82.4% and deceased donors 80.4%, 71.1% and 63.7%. Transplants with acute pyelonephritis in the first 30 days after transplantation, had significantly worse graft and patients survivals, compared to patients without pyelonephritis in the first 30 days. In addition, age, use of ureteral stents, thymoglobulin induction and longer hospital stays increased the risk of this infection. Recipients of expanded criteria donors transplants induced with thymoglobulin may be at a 25.75 fold increase in risk for death 24 hours after diagnosis of CRAB septicemia, a severe complication occurring in 10 recipients between January 2000 and April 2013, of 807 transplants patients. In recent years, our study showed a low incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, despite the increased use of Thymoglobulin. We found that the use of low thymoglobulin doses reduces the risk of cytomegalovirus and, the use of oral ganciclovir had a protective effect on CMV, in the first year of transplantation. Finally, patients with a positive polyomavirus urinary cytology had worse renal function and graft survival in a seven years follow-??up period, compared with the patients without the presence of decoy cells in urine. The analysis of the 35 years of transplantation at the Renal Unit of Hospital S?o Lucas da PUCRS depicts the evolution and development of a program that is a reference in South Brazil, and the different management and results through the different eras. There were changes in donor and recipient?s characteristics, inclusion selection, compatibility assessment and immunosuppression protocols, among others. / Este trabalho consiste em um estudo retrospectivo que abordou a hist?ria dos 35 anos de transplantes renais no Hospital S?o Lucas da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul. Foi realizado um levantamento da hist?ria das origens do servi?o de nefrologia e sua evolu??o ao longo dos anos. Os dados foram separados em diferentes eras, com base no tipo de imunossupress?o, sendo avaliadas as caracter?sticas dos pacientes antes, durante e ap?s o transplante. Encontramos diferen?as significativas entre cada era, principalmente nas caracter?sticas dos receptores e doadores, mas tamb?m na ocorr?ncia de complica??es e nos aspectos cir?rgicos. Foram realizados 1231 transplantes at? 30 de abril de 2013, sendo 55,8% do sexo masculino, ra?a branca (86,9%) e com 76,6% de doadores falecidos. A maioria dos receptores com idade entre 19 e 59 anos (77,5%), sendo 1,9% acima de 70 anos. Diferen?as significativas entre as caracter?sticas de cada era, principalmente em rela??o aos receptores e doadores. Estamos transplantando um n?mero progressivamente maior de pacientes, significativamente mais idosos (p<0,001), com maior tempo em lista de espera (p<0,001), com doadores mais idosos (p<0,001) e tempos mais longos de isquemia (p<0,001). Foram verificados menos epis?dios de rejei??o (p<0,001), menor ocorr?ncia de algumas complica??es cl?nicas, tais como infarto de mioc?rdio (p<0,001), AVE (p=0,02) e diabete p?s transplante (p<0,001), ao longo do tempo. Na era atual, sobrevida de pacientes foram em 1, 3 e 5 anos de 98,3%, 94,6% e 90,5% para doadores vivos e de 92,4%, 87,2% e 80,7% para doadores falecidos, respectivamente. Sobrevida de enxertos foram para doadores vivos de 92,2%, 88,7% e 82,4% e doadores falecidos de 80,4%, 71,1% e 63,7%. Foi encontrado que transplantados que apresentaram pielonefrite aguda nos primeiros 30 dias ap?s o transplante, apresentavam significativamente pior sobrevida de enxertos e pacientes, comparado com os que n?o apresentavam pielonefrite nos primeiros 30 dias. Al?m disto, idade, uso de cateteres de duplo J, indu??o com timoglobulina e tempo maior de hospitaliza??o aumentam o risco desta infec??o. Pacientes que receberam rins com doadores com crit?rios expandidos e induzidos com timoglobulina podem apresentar risco maior para morte ap?s 24 horas do diagn?stico de septicemia por Acinetobacter baumannii resistentes a carbapen?micos, complica??o grave que ocorreu em 10 pacientes transplantados, dentre os 807 transplantados entre janeiro de 2000 e abril de 2013. Ocorreu baixa incid?ncia de citomegalov?rus nos ?ltimos anos, apesar do aumento do uso de timoglobulina. Verificamos que o uso de timoglobulina em doses menores diminui o risco de citomegalov?rus e que o uso de ganciclovir oral tem efeito protetor para o desenvolvimento de citomegalov?rus no primeiro ano do transplante. E por fim, verificamos que pacientes que apresentavam presen?a de citologia urin?ria positiva para poliomav?rus apresentaram pior fun??o renal e pior sobrevida de enxerto, em acompanhamento de 7 anos, comparado com grupo de pacientes que n?o tinha presen?a de c?lulas decoy na urina. A an?lise de 35 anos de transplante do Servi?o de Nefrologia da PUCRS, mostra a evolu??o de um programa de refer?ncia no nosso meio e as diferentes condutas e resultados nas diversas ?pocas. Ocorreram mudan?as nas caracter?sticas dos doadores e receptores, crit?rios de sele??o, avalia??o de compatibilidade e protocolos de imunossupress?o, entre outros.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-05-18T12:11:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 468781 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 384702 bytes, checksum: cde465ffd6e2d42c31965ab814bea74f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-18T12:11:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 468781 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 384702 bytes, checksum: cde465ffd6e2d42c31965ab814bea74f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-26 / OBJECTIVE: This paper compares the test results of DMSA renal scintigraphy performed 1, 3 and 6 hours after administration of the radiopharmaceutical in children with clinical suspicion of acute pyelonephritis. MATERIALS E METHODS: DMSA Images were performed 1, 3 and 6 h after tracer injection and evaluated by three nuclear medicine physicians, who rated the kidneys from normal and abnormal, in the three different moments. We used the Criteria for acute pyelonephritis published by The European Association of Nuclear Medicine and the Consensus of normality and its variants, proposed by 30 experts in nuclear nephrology and published in 1999. Moreover, was performed the relative renal function on each patient, for each protocol image, by counting the activity of 99m Tc-DMSA uptake in both kidneys. RESULTS: One hundred sixty nine kidneys from 88 patients were evaluated. There was agreement intra-observer and inter-observer for all comparisons. The prevalence of acute pyelonephritis was 22,7%. There were no statistically significant changes in function calculation on the three proposed protocols. CONCLUSION: There was no statistically significant difference in the images taken at 1, 3 and 6h in the scintigraphic evaluation of acute pyelonephritis in children up to ten years. Also do not change the functional indices in the three moments. / OBJETIVO: Esse trabalho compara os resultados dos exames de cintilografia renal com DMSA realizados 1, 3 e 6h ap?s a administra??o do radiof?rmaco em crian?as com suspeita cl?nica de pielonefrite aguda. MATERIAIS E M?TODOS: As imagens de DMSA foram realizadas 1, 3 e 6h ap?s a inje??o do radiof?rmaco e avaliadas por tr?s m?dicos nucleares, que classificaram os rins em normal ou anormal, nos tr?s momentos diferentes, isoladamente. Foram usados os crit?rios para pielonefrite aguda publicados pela Associa??o Europeia de Medicina Nuclear e o Consenso de normalidade e suas poss?veis variantes, proposto por 30 especialistas em nefrologia nuclear e publicado em 1999. Al?m disso, foi realizado o c?lculo da capta??o renal relativa de cada paciente, para cada protocolo de imagem, atrav?s da contagem da atividade de capta??o do 99mTc-DMSA em cada rim. RESULTADOS: foram avaliados 169 rins de 88 pacientes. Houve concord?ncias intra-observadores e inter-observadores para todas as compara??es realizadas. A preval?ncia de pielonefrite aguda foi de 22,7%. N?o houve altera??es estatisticamente significativas nos c?lculos das fun??es relativas nos tr?s protocolos propostos. CONCLUS?O: N?o h? diferen?a estatisticamente significativa nas imagens realizadas em 1, 3 e 6h na avalia??o cintilogr?fica de pielonefrite aguda em crian?as de zero a dez anos com quadro cl?nico de ITU. Tamb?m n?o variam os ?ndices funcionais nos tr?s momentos.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:33:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 448602.pdf: 5444949 bytes, checksum: 5f077f7aa23c0ec642d7726b401ada78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-04 / OBJECTIVE: To calculate the frequencies of acute pyelonephritis and renal scarring in youngers than two years old through scintigraphy with 99mTcDMSA with first episode of UTI in a Brazilian university hospital and comparing with international literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed reports scintigraphy of youngers than two years old who underwent scintigraphy with 99mTcDMSA in a university hospital in Rio Grande do Sul, between 2006 and 2009 to search for APN and renal scarring. It was also revised the presence of vesicoureteral reflux, early use of antibiotics, and comorbidities that were recorded in e lectronic records. The sample size calculation was based on a systematic review study and obtained a minimum of 147 patients. We excluded patients with no electronic record. RESULTS: 157 children met the inclusion criteria, where 48 had APN and 8 of these had renal scars. There was no statistical difference in the association of VUR and APN (p=1.0) as well as among all comorbidities (p=0.470). There was no significance relation to early use of antibiotics and APN (p=0.130) and renal scarring (p=0.720). CONCLUSION: The frequency of renal scarring and APN obtained agree with the results of most studies. / OBJETIVO: Calcular as frequ?ncias de pielonefrite aguda (PNA) e cicatriz renal em pacientes menores de dois anos com cintilografia renal com 99mTcDMSA com primeiro quadro de ITU em hospital universit?rio brasileiro comparando com dados da literatura internacional. MATERIAIS E M?TODOS: Foram revisados laudos cintilogr?ficos de crian?as menores de dois anos de idade que realizaram cintilografia renal com 99mTcDMSA em um hospital universit?rio de no Rio Grande do Sul, entre 2006 e 2009 para pesquisa de PNA/cicatriz renal. Revisouse a presen?a de refluxo v?sicoureteral (RVU), uso precoce de antibi?tico, e presen?a de comorbidades que constassem nos prontu?rios eletr?nicos. Calculouse a amostra baseado num estudo de revis?o sistem?tica e obtevese um m?nimo de 147 pacientes. Excluiu-se pacientes sem registro eletr?nico. RESULTADOS: 157 crian?as preencheram crit?rios de inclus?o do estudo, 48 tiveram PNA e 8 destes apresentaram cicatriz renal. Nem a idade e g?nero dos pacientes apresentaram associa??o significativa com PNA (p=0,405&#894; p=0,124 respectivamente). N?o houve diferen?a estat?stica nas associa??es de RVU e PNA (p=1,0) e outras comorbidades (p=0,470)&#894; e em rela??o ao uso precoce de antibi?tico com PNA (p=0,130) e cicatriz renal (p=0,720). CONCLUS?O: As frequ?ncias de PNA e cicatriz renal obtidas concordam com os resultados da maioria dos estudos publicados

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-05-28T11:59:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 469455 - Texto Completo.pdf: 4993843 bytes, checksum: 7aeda1318711d77b5835d47f0530f35c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-28T11:59:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 469455 - Texto Completo.pdf: 4993843 bytes, checksum: 7aeda1318711d77b5835d47f0530f35c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-30 / The present study evaluates aspects of polyomavirus infection in renal transplant patients. Recently, BK virus has been recognized as an important infectious agent because BK virus associated nephropathy (BKVN) has emerged as a significant cause of allograft failure. Currently, studies on its prevalence, risk factors, diagnostics and therapeutics methods, in different populations, are underway around the world. To date, this ?newly emerged? infection remains mysterious in many aspects. The methods used to diagnosis polyomavirus infection are urinary cytology, urinary and plasmatic viral PCR and renal histology. Urinary cytology is an inexpensive and a simple method where urothelial cells with intranuclear viral inclusions are sought; these are called decoy cells and are thought to represent viral replication. The prevalence of decoy cells in renal transplants recipients is between 20 and 60%. Of these, 1 to 8% develops BKV nephropathy in witch case up to 80% may lose their grafts. No data on the prevalence of decoy cells in pancreas graft recipients has been published so far. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of decoy cells in kidney, pancreas and kidney-pancreas recipients. The presence of decoy cells has been correlated with clinical variables, in an attempt to analyze risk factors. Two hundred and twenty one patients, 18 years-old or older, with more than 1 month follow up after transplantation, that attended the outpatients clinic between September and December 2006 were studied. The total prevalence of decoy cells was 16% (16.9% in kidney recipients, 5.9% in simultaneous kidney-pancreas recipients and 20% in pancreas alone recipients). There were no statistically significant differences between patients with either positive or negative urinary cytology for decoy cells, regarding demographic (gender, age, race) or clinical (time post-transplantation, donor type and history of delayed graft function or rejection, other associated viral infections and type of immunosuppressive drugs employed) variables. / O presente trabalho aborda aspectos relacionados ? infec??o por poliomav?rus em pacientes transplantados de rim e p?ncreas. Este v?rus teve sua import?ncia destacada nos ?ltimos anos, em virtude da descoberta de sua associa??o com uma nefropatia respons?vel por redu??o significativa da sobrevida do enxerto renal. Muitos estudos est?o em andamento para avaliar a ocorr?ncia do v?rus em diferentes popula??es, seus fatores de riscos, m?todos para diagn?stico e terap?uticas. At? o momento, esta ?nova? infec??o permanece misteriosa em muitos aspectos. Os m?todos para diagn?stico da infec??o pelo poliomav?rus consistem de citologia urin?ria, pesquisa do v?rus por PCR na urina e sangue e histologia renal. A citologia urin?ria ? um m?todo de f?cil realiza??o e baixo custo, onde pesquisa-se a ocorr?ncia de c?lulas epiteliais com inclus?es virais intranucleares, denominadas de c?lulas decoy. Estas c?lulas sugerem replica??o viral. A preval?ncia de c?lulas decoy em pacientes transplantados renais varia de 20 a 60%. Destes, cerca de 1 a 8% desenvolvem nefropatia relacionada ao v?rus, associada com perda de enxerto renal variando de 10 a 80% dos casos. N?o h? relatos sobre preval?ncia de c?lulas decoy em transplantados pancre?ticos. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a preval?ncia das c?lulas decoy em pacientes transplantados de rim, p?ncreas e p?ncreas-rim no nosso meio. A ocorr?ncia de positividade das c?lulas decoy foi correlacionada com diferentes vari?veis cl?nicas, para avaliar fatores de risco associados. Foram avaliados 231 pacientes, maiores de 18 anos, com mais de 1 m?s de transplante, que consultaram no ambulat?rio no per?odo de setembro a dezembro de 2006. A preval?ncia total de c?lulas decoy em pacientes transplantados no Hospital S?o Lucas da PUCRS foi de 16% (16,9% em pacientes transplantados de rim, 5,9% em pacientes com transplante simult?neo de p?ncreas e rim e 20% em pacientes transplantados de p?ncreas isolado). N?o houve diferen?a estatisticamente significativa entre os pacientes com citologia positiva e negativa para c?lulas decoy em rela??o as vari?veis demogr?ficas (sexo, idade e ra?a) ou cl?nicas (tempo em transplante, tipo de transplante, tipo de doador, hist?ria de disfun??o prim?ria ou rejei??o, outras infec??es virais associadas e tipo de imunossupress?o).