A higher level of complexity is possible by combining more than one idea as long as the order of the elements is readable in each built condition. Order is possible at any level of complexity. The more complex the greater the need of order. Order can be the relationship of a limited set of elements that inform and reform each other. / Master of Architecture

The purpose of this book is to explore the idea of duration of physical architectural elements, and how their relative permanence or temporariness affects time and memory. This project takes on the program of a healthcare facility in the community of Verón located in the Dominican Republic. Through the exploration of materials, the identity of the project is defined by a series of walls that bring order and scale to not only the clinic but the surrounding community as well. / Master of Architecture

In Sweden exist about 1200 artificial turfs. Artificial turfs contain a layer of rubber granulates, which counts as microplastics and can emit to the environment. The emitted amount is uncertain but estimated to 475 tons/year. According to Swedish environmental code, artificial turfs can be classified as an environmental hazardous activity and the operators have a responsibility to reduce emissions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the work being done to reduce microplastic emissions from artificial turfs operated by Sweden’s municipalities and how it relates to the general rules of consideration in the environmental code. A web-survey was sent to all municipalities in Sweden. The result indicated that there is a high level of awareness of the problem among the municipalities. 68% have identified pathways for rubber granulates from the artificial turfs to the environment. Most common identified pathways were players, via stormwater and snow clearance. 87% have taken protective measures to reduce emissions. Most common measures taken were hard surface around the turf, granulate traps/filter in stormwater wells and collection areas for snow. Some municipalities are also testing and investigating alternative infill material. A majority were aware of the Swedish environmental protection agency’s guidance. The general rules of consideration were applicable to reduce emissions of microplastic. The reuse of rubber granulates when refilling the turfs and the investigation for alternative infill material could increase. Knowledge and insight among the operators, players and maintenance are key factors to limit the emissions along with proper protective measures.

The suburb's contribution to natural resource depletion, reliance on the automobile, and disregard for social connections has been well documented in the last 10-20 years. While these depictions are often accurate, many suburbs have successfully addressed these issues by providing walkable streets and accessible communal corridors. Innovative precedents such as Village Homes, in Davis, CA, Eichler Homes, in CA, and Skinny Homes, in Portland, OR, and others, provide examples of successful suburban developments that incorporate renewable energy solutions, passive design features, and limit the development of native landscapes. This thesis aims to design a framework to be used in the redevelopment of existing suburban communities. Using an existing low-density suburban community in Simi Valley, CA, as a site, I have explored compact infill housing as a method of densifying the neighborhood and broadening the housing base. Prefabrication and deconstructable building components ensure minimal waste and a flexible housing system that can adapt to mimic the evolution of a family. Accessible open space serves to draw the community together and provide usable outdoor spaces. In this way the suburban community can begin to operate in a more efficient manner and adequately address the needs of a broader range of residents.

No description available.

No description available.

The study explores the infill of public presence in an urban gap in Pretoria's CBD. Urban cultural diversity is used as a point of departure, to propose a public facility in the city centre to become part of a network of public spaces in the area and provide a backdrop for restorative action through the lived experience of the user. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Architecture / unrestricted

The project explores two Architectural strategies, Urban infill and Arcology, in an attempt to present a possible building for the future of Stockholm. The goal with Urban infill is to not expand but to densify the city by using already existing sites for the proposed structures. Arcologies could be described as a city within a structure where a lot of people can live, work and dwell. With a broad research ranging from Science-fiction to real-life Architectural projects, the aim is to combine these strategies in order to discuss and propose how we might live in the cities in the future. The result: A wooden highrise in the middle of Stockholm where people can live together as a community, creating a more densely populated city without expanding it.

This study investigated a new approach to achieving high energy density supercapacitors (SCs) by using high surface area self-activated carbon from waste coffee grounds (WCGs) and modifying 3D printed electrodes' porous structure by varying infill density. The derived activated carbons' surface area, pore size, and pore volume were controlled by thermally treating the WCGs at different temperatures (1000˚C, 1100˚C, and 1200˚C) and post-treating with HCL to remove water-soluble ashes and contaminants that block activated carbon pores. Surface area characterization revealed that the carbon activated at 1000˚C had the highest surface of 1173.48 m2 g-1, and with the addition of HCL, the surface area increased to 1209.35 m2 g-1. This activated carbon was used for fabricating the electrodes based on the surface area and having both micropores and macropores, which are beneficial for charge storage. Direct ink writing (DIW) method was utilized for 3D printing SC electrodes and changing the electrode structure by increasing the infill densities at 30%, 50%, and 100%. Upon increasing the infill densities, the electrodes' mass increased linearly, porosity decreased, and the total surface area increased for the 30% and 50% infill electrodes but decreased for the 100% infill electrode. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) test on the assembled SC showed the highest specific capacitance and energy density of 5.81 F g-1 and 806.93 mWh kg-1 at 10 mV s-1, respectively, for the electrode printed at 50% infill density.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the seismic resistance of traditional Ottoman timber frame &ldquo / himis&rdquo / structures, which form the major part of Turkey&rsquo / s cultural heritage, from an engineering point of view. On the other hand, the seismic resistance of traditional Ottoman timber frame structures was not evaluated from an engineering perspective. For the aim of seismic resistance evaluation of traditional Ottoman timber frame houses, the TUBITAK (the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) project numbered 106M499 was carried out. Within this framework, 16 tests were carried out in the Structural Mechanics Laboratory of Middle East Technical University, by means of 8 1-1 scale timber frames of different geometrical configurations and material, carefully selected from traditional houses in Safranbolu, representing Ottoman timber frame &ldquo / himis&rdquo / technique. The frames were tested without and with different infill/covering types, and parameters that directly or indirectly indicate the behavior of a structure under earthquake loading were derived from the results obtained at the end of experimental work. In addition, capacity calculations were carried out for each test, using ATC-40 procedure. The results demonstrated that Ottoman timber frame &ldquo / himis&rdquo / houses are seismically resistant, and yet there are a number of important points that should be obeyed in their construction regarding size of diagonal elements, size and placement of openings, intervals between vertical studs, as well as connection details. It is also seen that certain infill/covering materials/methods are more advantageous than the others / for example, covering techniques results in a higher amount of maximum lateral load that the frame can bear under the same displacement. Infill with masonry blocks results in a larger increase in weight than in load bearing capacity. The conclusions drawn are intended to be used not only in the conservation of such structures but they are also expected to direct modern seismically resistant constructions.