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Poisoning From Oral Ingestion of Carbofuran (Furadan 4F), a Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Carbamate Insecticide, and Its Effects on Cholinesterase Activity in Various Biological FluidsFerslew, K. E., Hagardorn, A. N., McCormick, W. F. 01 January 1992 (has links)
A case is presented of a fatal ingestion of Furadan (carbofuran), a cholinesterase-inhibiting carbamate insecticide. A 26-year-old white male was found dead with a partially filled 1-gal (3.8-L) container of Furadan 4F insecticide-nematocide (44.9% carbofuran). The individual had ingested approximately 345 mL of the mixture. Analysis of cholinesterase activity in various biological fluids was performed spectrophotometrically using propionylthiocholine and 5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid [Sigma Diagnostics, cholinesterase procedure No. 422 (PTC)] which was measured at 405 nm and 30°C in a Gilford Stasar III Spectrophotometer. The cholinesterase activities were as follows: plasma, 245 units (U)/L (93% inhibition/7% normal activity); serum, 208 U/L (95.3% inhibition/4.7% normal activity); whole blood, 297 U/L (92.8% inhibition/7.2% normal activity); erythrocytes, 58 U/L (99% inhibition/1% normal activity); vitreous humor, 7 U/L; and bile, 148 U/L. Carbofuran was detected in the blood and gastric contents by thin-layer chromatography. No alcohol or other drugs were detected in the blood, urine, or gastric contents. Ingestion of the carbofuran produced acute visceral congestion and pulmonary edema. Death was caused by anoxia due to respiratory paralysis produced by cholinesterase inhibition from Furadan (carbofuran) ingestion.
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Comparative evolution of mipafox-induced delayed neuropathy in the rat and henCarboni, Deborah Ann 05 December 2009 (has links)
The group of chemicals designated organophosphorus compounds have had a significant impact on modern life, including use as pesticides, industrial plasticizers and chemical warfare agents. Exposure to certain organophosphates produces a delayed degeneration of the longest and largest nerve fibers, including those of the ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord, a condition termed organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). Recorded incidents of such an effect in humans have led to research regarding this neurological disease. Among the OPIDN-inducing agents is mipafox, an organophosphate insecticide, the compound we chose to employ in our studies. Although the hen is the primary experimental model in the safety assessment of organophosphates, current research has suggested that the rat may have some validity as an experimental model. We examined the sequential neuropathic effects of a single dose of mipafox (30mg/kg) in rats and hens on a comparative basis to determine the better experimental model. / Master of Science
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Laboratory evaluation of emulsifiable and encapsulated formulations of malathion and fenitrothion on soft red winter wheat against stored product insectsAl-Hamad, Salameh A January 2011 (has links)
Typescript. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries
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Incidence and physiological nature of malathion resistance in four species of stored products coleoptera from grain producing statesHaliscak, Jonathan Patric January 2011 (has links)
Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries
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The effects of commercial insecticide products on acid and disperse dyes on nylon carpet fiberPourboghrat-Afiat, Frozan. January 1985 (has links)
Call number: LD2668 .T4 1985 P68 / Master of Science
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Investigations on insecticides as feed additives for the control of the house fly, Musca domesticaPitts, Charles William. January 1962 (has links)
LD2668 .T4 1962 P57
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Physical and insecticidal stress effects on the foregut of the cockroaches Leucophaea maderae (Fabr.) and Periplaneta americana (L.)Ameel, John Jules. January 1965 (has links)
Call number: LD2668 .T4 1965 A51 / Master of Science
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BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF THE BED BUG, Cimex lectularius L. (HETEROPTERA: CIMICIDAE)Romero, Alvaro 01 January 2009 (has links)
The near absence of bed bugs from human dwellings for fifty or more years has left us with limited knowledge of its biology and few answers to eliminate populations. I explored a diverse set of objectives to answer key questions concerning bed bug biology and control. Major objectives were studies of circadian rhythmicity, pyrethroid resistance, sublethal effects of insecticides, synergism of pyrethroids, and evaluation of a pyrrole insecticides, chlorfenapyr. Additional studies included persistence of Borrelia in bed bugs after ingestion, and aggregation factors from feces.
In the absence of host stimuli, insects were much more active in the dark than in the light. Nocturnal activity was periodical under continuous light conditions, which indicates that locomotion is endogenously generated by a circadian clock. Circadian rhythm was entrained to reverse dark-light regimes. Short–term starved adults moved more frequently than long-starved adults. These results suggest that starved bugs reduce locomotor activity as a strategy to conserve metabolic reserves.
Pyrethroid resistance in C. lectularius was documented for the first time. Extremely high levels of resistance to deltamethrin and λ-cyhalothrin, was detected in populations collected in Kentucky and Ohio. The resistance ratios reported are among the highest documented in any arthropod. Evaluations of more than 20 populations from across the United States indicate that resistance to pyrethroid insecticides is widespread.
Bed bugs avoided resting on surfaces treated with deltamethrin but not with chlorfenapyr. Video recordings of bed bugs showed that insects increased their activity when they contacted sublethal doses of deltamethrin. However, harborages treated with a deltamethrin remained attractive. A nearby heat source overcame avoidance to deltamethrin.
The P450 inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO) enhanced toxicity of deltamethrin to resistant bed bugs. However, the residual resistance after PBO treatment indicated that other resistance mechanisms are involved. The effectiveness of combining PBO with pyrethroids varied among populations, which indicates that this synergist is not a comprehensive solution to pyrethroid resistance. Chlorfenapyr was effective against pyrethroid resistant strains. While it does not cause quick knockdown, long residual activity and no avoidance behavior to dry residues appears to make this insecticide a useful tool for bed bug control.
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Insect Control and InsecticidesCarruth, L. A., Wene, George P., Sheets, L. W., Cannon, M. D., Stedman, Sam, Butler, George D. Jr., Werner, Floyd G., Fye, R. E., Stoner, Adair, Patana, Raymond F., Bottger, G. T., Champlain, R. A., Sholdt, L. L. 02 1900 (has links)
This item was digitized as part of the Million Books Project led by Carnegie Mellon University and supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF). Cornell University coordinated the participation of land-grant and agricultural libraries in providing historical agricultural information for the digitization project; the University of Arizona Libraries, the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Office of Arid Lands Studies collaborated in the selection and provision of material for the digitization project. / 1. A Coordinated Research Effort Toward Insect Control
2. Biology and Control of Insects Affecting Cotton in Arizona
3. Precision Placement of Systemic Insecticides
4. Thimet and Disyston Give Good Systemic Control of Insects on Seedling Cotton
5. Ecological Factors Affecting the Abundance and Cultural Control of the Pink Bollworm
6. Insect Parasites and Predators of Insect Pests of Arizona Crops
7. Evaluation and Augmentation of Biological Control Agents to Replace or Supplement the Use of Pesticides
8. Boll Weevil Investigations
9. Laboratory Insecticide Tests
10. Systemic Insecticide Tests Against Lygis Bugs
11. The Effect of Gossypol on Larval Development
12. The Effect of Temperature on Development of the Immature Stages of Lygus herperus Knight
13. Pesticide Research Projects
14. The Total Fate of Some Polychloro Alicyclic Insecticides in Plants Under Controlled Conditions
15. Pesticide Residues on Arizona Crops
16. Pesticide Application Equipment in Relation to Drift of Pesticides and Pest Control
17. Pesticide Resides -- Their Nature, Distribution, and Persistence in Plants, Animals, and Soils
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Efficacy of Insecticides to Citrus Thrips on Lemons in Yuma Arizona 1997Kerns, David L., Tellez, Tony 09 1900 (has links)
Three small plot efficacy trials were conducted evaluating different insecticide rotation regimes using commercially available insecticides and the effectiveness of new insecticide chemistries to control citrus thrips. Because of its long residual activity, and ability to control post- application egg hatches, Carzol appears to be the product that best fits the petal fall application window. Agri-Mek, Baythroid, Dimethoate or Vydate are probably good follow -up insecticides. However, Agri-Mek and Baythroid will probably provide greater control, especially under hotter conditions. If temperatures are cool, Agri-Mek looks good at reduced rates. The best insecticide for subsequent applications depends on temperatures and what was previously applied. Avoid making back -to -back applications of the same materials, and Dimethoate or Vydate applications should probably be followed by Carzol to catch post- application egg hatches. Overall, Vydate appears to be very similar to Dimethoate in efficacy and residual activity, while Baythroid appears to be slightly better. Although the addition of Lannate to Dimethoate does slightly enhance thrips control, the additional cost probably does not justify the tank mix. Of the new chemistries (Alert, Success, Ni-25, and M-96-015) evaluated, Success and M-96-015 appeared to offer the best fruit protection. However, M-96-015 does not appear to be very effective in killing the thrips, but is very effective in repelling them. Also, M-96-015 will need to be applied at a high gallonage, i.e. 500 gal/A. None of the new products tested appear to fit the petal fall application window very well. Ni-25, Alert and Success appear to lack the residual activity of Carzol, and M-96-015 should not be used as a clean-up material but preventively following Carzol at petal fall.
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