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Molecular cloning and physical mapping of bertha armyworm, <i>mamestra configurata</i>, nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome and preliminary study of geographic isolatesLi, Sheping 01 January 1996 (has links)
Bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important pest of cruciferous oilseed crops in western Canada. A nuclear polyhedrosis virus, MacoNPV, isolated from M. configurata, has demonstrated as high as 95% infection in field populations of bertha armyworm. MacoNPV isolates from different geographic areas differ in terms of their virulence to bertha armyworm. Restriction endonuclease (REN) fragment analyses show that all of the geographic isolates are closely related viruses but with some distinct REN pattern differences. Most of these geographic isolates are heterogenous mixtures of genotypes. The thesis describes the cloning and physical mapping of the 156.9 kbp genome of the MacoNPV-90/2 geographic isolate, including 112 restriction sites for six common REN, BamHI, EcoRI, HindIII, PstI, SmaI and XhoI. Twenty plaque purified strains of MacoNPV were isolated in a cultured Mamestra brassicae (Mbr) insect cell line. The EcoRI restriction patterns of these pick plaque (pp) strains fell into 10 different categories. In order to investigate the difference among these pp strains, and between these strains and the parental geographic isolates in terms of REN patterns, virulence to insect hosts, and their growth rates in insect cell lines, some of these isolates were selected for bioassays in bertha armyworm larvae and in the Mbr cell line.
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Pesticide impact on non-target wildlife in irrigated crops: simulated impact of cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides on white-winged doves in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of TexasPisani, Jorge Marcelo 17 September 2007 (has links)
I present a simulation model that should be a useful tool for risk assessment of the impact of insecticide inhibitors of cholinesterase (ChE) applied in irrigated agricultural fields on non-target wildlife. I developed the model as a compartment model based on difference equations (ÃÂt = 1 hour) and programmed with Stellaî VII software. Conceptually the model is compartmentalized into six submodels describing the dynamics of (1) insecticide application, (2) insecticide movement into floodable soil, (3) irrigation and rain, (4) insecticide dissolution in water, (5) foraging and insecticide intake from water, and (6) ChE inhibition and recovery. To demonstrate application of the model, I simulate historical, current, and âÂÂworst-caseâ scenarios, that examined the impact of ChE-inhibiting insecticides on white-winged doves (WWDO - Zenaida asiatica) in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas (LRGV), USA. To my knowledge, there are no field data verifying that the cause of ChE deprivation in WWDO is due to the ingestion of ChE-inhibiting insecticide residues dissolved in drinking water. I parameterized the model to represent a system composed of fields of cotton, sorghum, corn, citrus, and brushland that encompasses the activity range of a WWDO in the LRGV. I simulated situations representing the typical scenario of WWDO using irrigated crop fields in the absence and in the presence of rain. I also simulated âÂÂworst caseâ scenarios in which methyl parathion was applied at high rates and high frequency. Based on results of the simulations, I conclude that it is unlikely that WWDO are seriously exposed to ChE-inhibiting insecticides by drinking contaminated water. Only in rare cases, for example, when a rain event occurs just after the application of insecticides, are levels of ChE inhibition likely to approach diagnostic levels (20 %). The present simulation model should be a useful tool to predict the effect of ChE-inhibiting insecticides on the ChE activity of different species that drink contaminated water from irrigated agricultural fields. It should be particularly useful in identifying specific situations in which the juxtaposition of environmental conditions and management schemes could result in a high risk to non-target wildlife.
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Development and application of polyclonal and monoclonal antibody based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the analysis of neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and thiamethoxamKim, Hee Joo. January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.
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Development and application of polyclonal and monoclonal antibody based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the analysis of neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and thiamethoxamKim, Hee Joo. January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available by subscription via World Wide Web.
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Hyphenation of quantum dots-mediated photodetection and continuous microevaporation with capillary electrophoresis for determination ofpesticide residues and acrylamide in vegetables and foodChen, Qidan., 陈奇丹. January 2010 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Chemistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy
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Cytological effects of pesticides on some plant species.Ahmed, Maryam January 1971 (has links)
No description available.
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Environmentally sustainable grasshopper control in an ecologically protected habitatMcCluskie, Meg L., University of Lethbridge. Faculty of Arts and Science January 2005 (has links)
Scientific literature indicates potential for using plant extracts to control arthropod pests thereby decreasing the amount of synthetic chemicals introduced into the ecosystem. The research presented below tested several control candidates in a field settig to determine if selected oils can be used to control grasshopper infestations. Two field studies tested the effects of five plant extract oils on grasshopper pests in southern Alberta: Rosmarinus officinalis, Cedrus deodorata, Melaleuca alternifolia, Eucalyptus globulus, and Azadirachta indica. Grasshopper abundance increased in the first study in all plots and decreased in the second study in all plots. A third study was conducted in a greenhouse where grasshoppers were treated with two concentrations of cedarwood and rosemary oil and were monitored for eight days for mortality and behavioural effects. A non-target study was conducted in order to determine if control candidates would negatively affect other beneficial arthropods. Cedarwood, neem oil and carbaryl bait were tested on the mortality of Carabidae and Phalangiidae using pitfall trap sampling. / viii, 98 leaves : ill., maps ; 29 cm.
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Natural enemies of Phyllophaga spp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Southern Quebec, with special reference to entomopathogensPoprawski, Tadeusz Jerży. January 1985 (has links)
A systematic survey of the microbial and invertebrate natural enemies of Phyllophaga spp. was conducted from 1979 to 1981 in 45 localities in southern Quebec. Chronic but low (nonepizootic) rates of biotic regulation were found in all host life stages except eggs. The natural enemies included 36 species of predatory and parasitic insects, 15 mite species, six fungal species, five bacterial species, three different nematodes, one virus, one gordian worm, and one sporozoan. Microorganismal pathogenicities to white grubs were demonstrated by infectivity tests and laboratory bioassays using four methods of inoculation. Field-type microplot studies on the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and the nematode Mikoletzkya aerivora were undertaken in 1982. The fungus and the nematode showed potential as biological suppressants of Phyllophaga grubs by causing 91% and 68% mortality, respectively. Twenty-seven chemicals were tested as attractants against P. anxia adults in 1981 in four localities in southern Quebec. Hexanoic acid was consistently the most attractive chemical to beetles of both sexes.
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Insecticidal activity and physiological property of Annona squamosa (L.) seed extracts against the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) : (diptera: tephritidae)Epino, Ponciano Baltazar January 1991 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-87) / Microfiche. / x, 87 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm
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"The mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) against the sheep louse, Bovicola ovis (Schrank)" /Hill, Catherine Alexandra. January 1998 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Crop Protection, 1998? / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-145).
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