No description available.

In international economics literature, different variants of the Nash equilibrium have been used to formulate strategic and retaliative behavior. However, the negotiation process underlying the Nash equilibrium does not capture the notion of retaliation properly. We use the "contingent threat situation" (Greenberg, 1990) to reformulate three different international economic environments. / First, a two-country, two-commodity model of trade is considered to reformulate the tariff retaliations. It is known that tariff retaliations lead to a Nash equilibrium outcome, a non-free trade outcome. We show, in the framework of the "theory of social situations", that the free trade equilibrium is supported by a "stable standard of behavior". / Second, the basic two-country, single commodity model is employed to formulate the interactive and retaliatory policies regarding the choice between foreign investment and immigration. Considering three different strategic environments, we investigate the outcomes supported by "stable standards of behavior" under these strategic scenarios. We also provide a critical examination of Jones-Coelho-Easton's proposition (Jones, Coelho, and Easton, 1986). / Third, a simple model of international debt is formulated using a strategic form game. In the game, a country in financial crisis and on the verge of default is requesting a new loan, and a bank, with exposure to the foreign country's debt, contemplates whether it should issue the new loan. We show that "issue a new loan" and "not default", a Pareto optimum pair of strategies, is stable. Interestingly, we get this result by using a non-cooperative negotiation process, offered by the "individual contingent threat situation".

This thesis examines South Africa's relations with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and private international banks in the period 1970-1987. The thesis is written in the language, and uses the conceptual tools, of 'regulation theory', an approach whose emphasis on 'time-changing' empirically-grounded explanations of a country's global interactions, it is suggested, represents an advance over modernisation and dependency approaches. The thesis traces the altered circumstances of the international financial system since the early 1970s. It points to the struggle by the IMF to come to terms with these changes in harmonising a new international financial system. The IMF has, however, increased its supervisory power in relation to most countries in the developing world, especially after the oil-price hike of 1973. The basis for, and implications of, the explosion in private international bank lending in this period is also examined. This analysis is followed by an examination of the crisis in the South African political economy since the early 1970s and of the way this crisis was influenced by global events. It is argued that South Africa's international economic relations were transformed by both global and domestic forces and came to be dominated by issues of international finance. The second part of the thesis examines South Africa's relations with the IMF and private international banks. This relationship was supportive of the apartheid state's development strategy for most of the period 1970-1985. It is argued that until the 1980s, the relationship also benefited the western industrialised countries who profited both materially and strategically, from their economic relations with South Africa. However, in 1983, the US imposed restrictions on its support for IMF loans to South Africa. By mid-1985 a combination of political and economic changes within South Africa forced some foreign banks to withdraw their normal credit facilities to South Africa. These events precipitated a dramatic change for the worse in South Africa's international financial relations. It is argued that although there has been some improvement in these relations since 1987, the country's relations with the IMF and banks have not returned to their previous mostly supportive character. A combination of international, regional and domestic economic and political factors has ensured that the current crisis in South Africa's international financial relations is already deeper, more prolonged, and more damaging to growth prospects, than the crisis of the mid-1970s. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1989.

The study examined the theory and practice of international political economy in sub-Saharan Africa from a developmental point of view. The study looked specifically at the politics of economic integration for development, multilateral institutions that are involved in the developmental aid of the region, the challenges posed to sub-Saharan Africa's development by the international system (multilateral institutions and western developed countries) and extra regional partnership initiatives for the region's development. The study ascertained that sub-Saharan African leaders have, since the era of decolonisation, embarked on different ways or mechanisms to address the economic crisis of the region but, however, failed to rescue the region. Amongst mechanisms adopted was that of creating regional economic groupings like ECOW AS and SADC. However, majority of regional settings created for economic development did not have much of successes in saving sub-Saharan countries from debt crisis. Failure of these settings has been more pointed on the unpreparedness of other regional countries to cooperate. Multilateral institutions (IMF, World Bank and WTO) on the other hand, worsened the underdevelopment situation in the region, and therefore continued to dictate economic policy to sub-Saharan African countries. This was possible because many sub-Saharan African countries relied on aid from these institutions. Multilateral institutions continued to feature in the underdevelopment of sub-Saharan Africa by posing challenges like globalisation, economic policy and democratization to the development of the region. These challenges interfered with the development process of Sub-Saharan Africa. However, with NEP AD as \ he latest initiative for extra-regional partnership, there is some hope that sub-Saharan region and Africa at large will benefit from developmental initiatives proposed by NEP AD. / M.Soc.Sc. (International Relations) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2005

The aim of this examination was to identify those evolving trends that are common to multilateral agreements some of which have been entered into by African developing countries, bearing in mind the debates and position of African developing countries. The study also aimed at examining the effects of these regulations on African countries especially with key provisions and the kinds of rights and obligations they confer on investors as well as the host country. As there is a need to create a balance between the interest of the host nation and the investor, the study also aimed at identifying if those evolving common trends can be used to establish a guideline for a standard bilateral investment treaty or on the other hand whether they can be used as a template for a multilateral agreement on investment.

Bibliography: leaves 462-479. / xx, 479 leaves ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / "... to provide a basis for understanding countertrade practices. In particular, however, it aims to provide assistance to trading parties to identify the problems associated with various forms of countertrade and to give them guidance in drafting countertrade contracts in the light of Australian law.". / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Law, 1998?

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Faculty of Law, 2005. / Author's name on spine: H.K. Mutai. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 263-284).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wollongong, 2004. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references: leaf 375-423.

Thesis (M.A.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-158). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 122-128). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.