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Speaking to the people is part of politics. But, who are the people? In populistic and nationalistic discourse, the people is constructed against either the elite or the people outside the nation, "the people" is created in opposition to those who are not the people. This thesis examines political manifestos in Sweden during the election years of 2014 and 2018 to investigate how the political parties in the Swedish Parliament construct and speak to the people, whom they exclude from the people and how the discourse changes between the two election years. During the year 2015, Sweden, together with the rest of Europe, had a socalled refugee crisis. An understanding of populism in relation to crises is that it is increasing. This thesis examines, without claiming a causal link, a potential discursive change between the two election years that took place before and after the refugee crisis.

Sammanfattning Mediers framväxt har lämnat fåtal delar av samhället orörda. Idag är olika medier närvarande i många delar av den moderna människans vardag, till exempel för kommunikation och nyhetsförmedling. Medier har kommit att användas av olika politiska organisationer för att sprida dess ideologi. Medieanvändningen har även visat sig vara effektiv för mobilisering av radikalnationalister. Tidigare forskning visar att sociala medier kan fungera som en grogrund för radikalisering och extremism, där högerradikala grupper sprider och förstärker sina antidemokratiska ideologier. Att observera dessa grupper för att förstå hur de attraherar och engagerar nya anhängare och medlemmar är viktigt för att bidra till forskningen om extremistiska miljöer i Sverige. Studien observerar den partipolitiskt oorganiserade organisationen Nordfront, som bedriver nyhetsrapportering samt innehar en inofficiell chattgrupp. Med hjälp av netnografisk observation tillika innehållsanalys utifrån teorier om digital interaktion och radikalisering identifieras hur digitala funktioner bidrar till att reproducera en stark antisemitisk och antidemokratisk diskurs. Studien visar också att ett medlemskap i gruppchatten samt att delta i dess diskussioner ökar risken för individer att radikaliseras. / Abstract  The emergence of media has left few parts of the community inviolated. A various amount of medias are present in the everyday life of the modern human, for example for communication and news. Medias has come to be used of a variety of political organizations for the spread of their ideology. Media use has appeared to be efficient for mobilization of radical nationalists. Previous research shows that social medias can operate as fertile soil for radicalization and extremism, where far right groups distribute and reenforces their anti-democratic ideologies. Observing these groups, in order to understand how they attract and engage new supporters and members is important for contributing to science regarding extremist enviroments in Sweden. The study observes the non-party organized organization Nordfront, that prosecutes reporting news and posesses a inofficial chat group. Using netnografic observations together with content analysis, and with theories concerning digital interaction and radicalization, it is shown that digital functions contributes to reproduce a strong antisemetic and antidemocratic discourse. The study also shows that a membership in the group chat and also being a part of its discussions increases the risk of radicalization of individuals.

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We investigate the effect of migration policy reforms on the number of asylum applications into 22 EU countries. This is done by using the Determinants of International Migration Policy, DEMIG policy index as a proxy for policy reforms in EU countries and the number of asylum applications from UNHCR. We perform OLS regressions with destination country fixed effects with HAC clustered standard errors. We contribute to the existing literature by using the DEMIG policy index which, to our knowledge, has not been used in earlier literature. We also thoroughly investigate the effect of migration policy, including both more restrictive and less restrictive policy. Through the investigation of the destination fixed effects, we find robust empirical evidence that migration policy does have an effect on asylum flows, which suggests, in addition to earlier literature, that migration policy is an important factor to have in consideration. Furthermore, we explore whether the push and pull factors examined in previous literature are consistent with our results. We find that the results vary, but are consistently in line with most of the earlier literature. In addition, we find that when other determinants of migration are included, the effect of migration policy diminishes.

This paper explores the employment integration of Syrian refugees in the Swedish labor market, focusing on Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö. As the largest migrant group in Sweden, Syrians face significant challenges in labor market integration. Understanding the key factors influencing their employment is crucial. By utilizing existing quantitative survey data collected from Syrian refugees in these cities, the study seeks to understand what key factors influence their employment levels. The study’s findings demonstrate that education and language proficiency often correlate with higher employment levels. Regional context also plays a role, with geographic location affecting employment prospects. Moreover, subjective discriminatory experiences are shown to negatively impact employment outcomes, highlighting the need for inclusive practices. Gender disparities are evident, with males consistently demonstrating higher employment levels than females, posing questions on gender roles. This research highlights avenues for improving the employment integration of Syrian refugees.

Orientador: Rosana Baeninger / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T18:35:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Magalhaes_LuisFelipeAires_M.pdf: 2309850 bytes, checksum: f4d7f145c71ae61eda19397b0656fada (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O processo migratório internacional é um elemento constituinte do capitalismo em escala global, tendo suas características fortemente condicionadas pelas transformações na divisão internacional do trabalho. O desenvolvimento do capitalismo em nosso continente é marcado pelo fenômeno da dependência, que, por sua incidência sobre as condições de vida e de trabalho da população, engendra historicamente um conjunto de fatores de expulsão desta força de trabalho rumo a outros países. A região sul de Santa Catarina insere-se nesta dinâmica, fundamentalmente através da crise de suas estruturas produtivas ligadas ao Complexo Carbonífero e do processo emigratório rumo aos Estados Unidos. Pretende-se neste trabalho avaliar as relações históricas existentes entre a estrutura produtiva carbonífera, a divisão internacional do trabalho e o processo emigratório desde a região, conferindo especial atenção à utilização da força de trabalho imigrante nos Estados Unidos, enquanto elemento essencial da acumulação de capital atualmente. Para tal, avaliamos a hipótese de que a crise do complexo carbonífero tenha atuado nas últimas décadas como um fator de expulsão da força de trabalho local, e ainda a hipótese de que haja uma superexploração dos trabalhadores imigrantes nos Estados Unidos. A metodologia deste trabalho é composta por uma ampla revisão teórica e bibliográfica, por uma caracterização sócia demográfica da Mesorregião Sul de Santa Catarina e do município de Criciúma através dos dados quantitativos disponíveis, pela construção de um perfil social do emigrante criciumense e uma realização de entrevistas qualitativas com agentes do Estado de Santa Catarina e com familiares de migrantes internacionais da região. Por fim, apresentamos os contornos teóricos e algumas evidências empíricas do estudo das remessas de migrantes, conferindo particular atenção aos conceitos de dependência das remessas e de síndrome emigratória / Abstract: The process of international migration is a constituent of capitalism on a global scale, with its characteristics strongly conditioned by changes in the international division of labor. The development of capitalism in our continent is characterized by the phenomenon of dependency, which, by its impact on the living conditions and working population, historically engenders a set of push factors of this workforce towards other countries. The southern region of Santa Catarina is part of this dynamic, primarily through the crisis of their productive structures related to complex Carboniferous and emigration process into the United States. The aim of this work was to evaluate the historic relationship existing among the structure productive coal, the international division of labor and the emigration process from the region, with special attention to the use of immigrant labor force in the United States as a key element of capital accumulation today. To this end, we evaluated the hypothesis that the complex coal crisis has acted in the past decades as a factor in expulsion from the local workforce, and also the hypothesis that there is a super-exploitation of immigrant workers in the United States. The methodology of this study consists of a comprehensive review and theoretical literature, the socio-demographic region of Southern Santa Catarina and in city of Criciúma through quantitative data, building a social profile of the Criciúma's emigrants and conducting qualitative interviews agents of the State of Santa Catarina and family of international migrants in the region. Finally, we present the outlines theoretical and some empirical evidence from the study of remittances of migrants, with particular attention to the concepts of dependency on remittances and emigration syndrome / Mestrado / Demografia / Mestre em Demografia

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