In spite of the general prohibition of the use of force in international relations contained in the UN Charter, some jurists maintain that humanitarian intervention is valid under comtemporary international law. Too make their case, they put forward a series of arguments which can be divided into two categories. The first holds that humanitarian intervention is compatible with the UN Charter, and the second, which is used more often, that a right of humanitarian intervention has arise out of state's practice. The present thesis surveys these arguments and comes to the conclusion that humanitarian intervention remains illegal under international law. Notwithstanding the formidable progression of human rights in international society, the rule prohibiting recourse to force still enjoys great currency among states at the beginning of this new millenium.

Parents can effectively facilitate positive child behaviour change (Kaiser & Hancock, 2003). Their inclusion as interventionists is an essential component of autism intervention (NRC, 2001) and represents a natural step toward consistent early intervention. However, what constitutes effective delivery of parent programs and their effect outside research settings is limited. The present study explored patterns of change in parent-child communication in the childs natural language learning environment after participation in Hanens More Than Words program. Four patterns of change in the quality and quantity of parent-child talk and language were observed. Overall, parents increased talk immediately after intervention but failed to maintain the increase. Children demonstrated significant changes in gestures, receptive language and frequency of coordinated joint attention. / Special Education

This study investigated the effect of a two week intensive narrative intervention program on the narrative abilities of four inner-city children, using an interrupted time-series with removed treatment design. The intervention program focused on teaching five specific story grammar units. The variables of interest in this study were: improvement in story macrostructure, microstructure and language quantity, as well as improvement of scores on standardized narrative tools. All participants showed an improvement in at least one of the narrative skills examined in this study; one of four participants showed an improvement in all of the narrative skills examined in the study. The results of this study indicate that intensive narrative intervention is a viable treatment approach and should be further investigated. / Speech-Language Pathology

Univ., Diss.-2002--Saarbrücken, 2001. / Literaturverz. S. 253 - 261.

Thèse--Méd.--Reims, 1976. N°: N° 93. / Bibliogr. f. 153-175.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Georgetown University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Diplomarbeit Hochschule für Angewandte Psychologie Zürich, 2007.

Theses (Ed.S.)--Marshall University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: contains 57 pages. Bibliography: p. 36-37.

The available evidence suggests insomnia is common in individuals who experience psychosis. Poor sleep within this population has been associated with numerous detriments to mental health and well-being. Nevertheless, the majority of work to date has focused on chronic presentations, with few studies investigating the role of insomnia in recently onset psychosis. Understanding and treating psychosis following the first presentation is important to promote recovery and prevent the development of long-term illness. This work therefore aimed to utilise mixed methods to comprehensively investigate insomnia in early psychosis. It is presented in a series of five research papers, supplemented by additional chapters to provide an introduction, additional methodological details and general discussion. Paper one presents a systematic review, which aimed to synthesise the relevant literature with regards to the nature and correlates of insomnia in early psychosis. Paper two utilised qualitative methods aiming to understand the experience of insomnia, its impacts and experiences of help-seeking in early psychosis. Paper three aimed to investigate the nature of insomnia symptoms in first episode psychosis, compared to a healthy control group, using actigraphy and sleep diary measurement over a 14-day period. Paper four aimed to investigate how poor sleep was associated with next-day mental health and functioning, presenting data from an electronic diary study conducted alongside the sleep profiling presented in paper three. Paper five aimed to assess the acceptability of a Brief Behavioural Treatment for Insomnia (BBTI) delivered to a first episode psychosis group. Findings across studies indicated insomnia to have a wide range of detrimental outcomes, indicating the treatment of insomnia may be an important target for relevant mental health services.

Background Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) is a common and distressing problem after stroke. It impedes patients’ participation in daily activities and is associated with higher risks of institutionalisation and death following stroke. Despite its high prevalence and detrimental consequences, little research has been conducted to develop effective treatments for PSF. Psychological interventions are effective in treating fatigue in other conditions such as cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome. This thesis described the development of a psychological intervention for PSF. Methods This thesis was based on the theoretical, modelling and part of the piloting phases of the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for designing and evaluating complex interventions. This intervention was developed in collaboration with a multidisciplinary group of stroke clinicians, clinical psychologists, a psychotherapist, and stroke survivors. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Systematic reviews were conducted to explore the natural history of PSF and to identify potential targets for a psychological intervention for PSF. The format of the intervention was adapted from existing psychological interventions for cancer-related fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome. The intervention was delivered by a clinical psychologist (i.e. the therapist) to 12 patients with PSF (i.e. the participants) to test its acceptability and feasibility in the local health system. After the feasibility study, the intervention was refined according to the feedback from the participants and the therapist. A Cochrane review of interventions for PSF was updated to identify any new evidence that could inform future studies. Results Systematic reviews suggested that PSF often occurred early after stroke and persisted over time (which justified the need for interventions for PSF) and that PSF was associated with distressed mood, lower self-efficacy, reduced physical activity and sleeping problems (which were potential targets for the treatment of PSF). Based on interventions that have been used to treat fatigue in other conditions, these psychological and behavioural factors could be addressed by psychological interventions that challenge patients’ thoughts and behaviours (i.e. the cognitive behavioural therapy, CBT). Thus a manualised CBT was developed for PSF. This CBT was delivered to each participant individually, through six face-to-face treatment sessions over a period of 12 weeks, followed by a telephone-delivered review session one month later. Both the participants and the therapist gave favourable opinions on the acceptability of the intervention. The recruitment and follow-up procedures were feasible in the local health system. Following the feedback from participants and therapist, the intervention manual was refined for future use, where the last two treatment sessions will be combined to a single session and the review session will be delivered in person by the therapist. There were statistically significant improvements in fatigue, mood, mobility, and participation in social activity from baseline to three months after the end of treatment. The updated Cochrane review concluded that there was insufficient evidence to recommend any specific intervention for PSF; psychological interventions are one type of interventions worth being investigated in future trials. Conclusions PSF is associated with distressed mood, lower self-efficacy, reduced physical activity and sleeping problems, which are potential targets for the treatment of PSF. Although there was insufficient evidence to recommend any intervention for the treatment of PSF, psychological interventions are one type of promising interventions worth future investigation. The promising results from this uncontrolled feasibility study support the need for a subsequent exploratory randomised controlled trial (RCT) of this brief psychological intervention.