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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / In modern day dentistry, aesthetics forms an integral part of our social perception almost as much as functionality. Malocclusion has been brought to the forefront of developmental anomalies as it can affect mastication, speech as well as the appearance of the face. Furthermore, pre-pubertal and pubertal changes have compounded existing malocclusions in this growth period thus spiraling the need for orthodontic treatment. Therefore, it is essential to determine the normative and selfperceived need for orthodontic treatment in a population. The epidemiological data collected can be used to facilitate policy changes to manage malocclusion in Khomas, Namibia. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the orthodontic treatment needs of a population of 12-15 year-old children attending a school in Khomas and to express it as percentages of those with subjective and objective orthodontic treatment need over the whole sample population. The objectives were to find associations between treatment needs and some demographic and socioeconomic factors.

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / Introduction: Improvement of aesthetics is often the reason patients seek orthodontic treatment. The ability to accurately assess aesthetic treatment need from the viewpoint of the patient is necessary. The threshold for orthodontic treatment is not constant in all countries and no previous attempts to determine this threshold has been made in South Africa. By ensuring that patient’s perceptions of treatment need are incorporated into the index chosen to assess perceived need, accurate data can be obtained. Determining perceived need from the patient’s viewpoint is important, and understanding its relationship with perceived need according to the professional, as well as normative need can facilitate better patient communication and management of expectations. Aims: There were three main aims of this study. First, South African children’s perceptions of treatment need according to the Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was assessed to determine if they were similar to those of the dentists who established the threshold, or if the threshold of the grading system should be altered to better suit laypeople’s opinions. Second, the newly established threshold could then be used to determine the perceived needs for orthodontic treatment, and compare them to the normative need of the population. Finally, factors that may influence the perceived needs of the patients such as gender, ethnicity and socio-economic position could be investigated. Methodology: A cross-sectional study on 317 children aged between 11 and 14 years was done. 43.8% were male and 56.2 % were female. The sample was chosen from five schools in the Lekwa District of Mpumalanga using a multi-stage sampling technique. The study population comprised of four groups based on ethnicity; Asian (3%), black (74%), coloured (6%) and white (17%). The socio-economic position (SEP) was determined by Principal Component Analysis of household assets. Societal perceived, subjective perceived and self-perceived needs were assessed using a questionnaire and the child-rated AC of the IOTN. An intra-oral examination was conducted using the AC of the IOTN to assess objective perceived need and the modified Dental Health Component (DHC) of the IOTN to assess normative treatment need. Results: Treatment threshold was determined to be grade 3 of the AC of the IOTN according to societal perceived need of the group of South African children, and was confirmed by self-perceived need. Subjective perceived need for treatment was assessed using the AC grade participants felt best reflected their aesthetic impairment, and was found to be 20.2%, compared to actual self-perceived need of 38.5%. The latter was deduced by comparing the child-rated AC (subjective perceived need) to their perception of treatment need of that grade (societal perceived need). The objective perceived need measured by the examiner-rated AC was 60%. Definite need for orthodontic treatment based on the modified DHC of the IOTN was 41.2%. No significant difference between societal perceived or self-perceived need and gender or socio-economic position was found. White children have lower societal perceived treatment need regarding others’ aesthetic impairment. Conclusion: The treatment threshold grade should be lowered to better represent the societal perceived and self-perceived need of the South African population. Normative need was higher than perceived needs from the patients’ point of view (subjective perceived and self-perceived need), but lower than the perceived need from the professional’s point of view (objective perceived need). Ethnicity was found to have an influence on societal perceived need.

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AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of orthodontic problems and quality of life in relation to orthodontic problems among adolescent children in the city of Chennai, India. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the differences in the need for orthodontic treatment among children in the public and private schools; to analyze the need for orthodontic treatment among the various socioeconomic groups; to evaluate the Quality of Life (QoL) among the children; to analyze the relationship between Quality of Life (QoL) and the need for orthodontic treatment. METHODS: 200 children participated in the study, out of which 100 were from the private school and 100 from the public school from the city of Chennai, India. Two sets of questionnaires were used for the study, one was filled by the children and the other was filled by the researchers and trained dental assistants after doing a thorough dental examination and asking questions from the participants. This was carried out according to the recommendations of WHO oral health assessment. Statistical data was collected, recorded and analyzed using the software SPSS 17.0 for Windows. RESULTS: The private school children had more orthodontic problems than the public school children (49% and 44% respectively). The need for Orthodontic Treatment was the highest in children under the rich category (56.4%), followed by the children under the poor category (45.3%) and is least among the children under the average category (44.4%). The Quality of Life was... [to full text] / TIKSLAS: Įvertinti ortodontinio problemas ir perspektyvas atsižvelgiant į ortodontinio problemas tarp paauglių vaikų mieste Chennai, Indija. TIKSLAI: Analizuoti skirtumus reikalingas Ortodontinis gydymas tarp vaikų, viešąsias ir privačias mokyklas; analizuoti kad ortodontinio gydymo tarp įvairių socialinių ir ekonominių grupių; vertinti gyvenimo kokybę (QoL) tarp vaikų; išanalizuoti ryšį tarp gyvenimo kokybę (QoL) ir ortodontinio gydymo poreikį. METODAI: 200 vaikai dalyvavo tyrime, iš kurių 100 buvo privati mokykla ir 100 iš viešųjų mokyklų iš miesto Chennai, Indija. Vienų, ir klausimynų buvo naudojami tyrimo, vienas buvo užpildyti vaikų ir kitų buvo užpildyti mokslininkų ir apmokyti dantų padėjėjai po daro dantų nuodugniai ir užduoti klausimus iš dalyvių. Tai buvo daroma pagal PSO burnos sveikatos vertinimo rekomendacijas. Statistiniai duomenys buvo renkami, įrašytos ir analizuoti naudojant SPSS 17,0 programinė įranga Windows. REZULTATAI: Privačios mokyklos vaikai turėjo daugiau ortodontinio problemų nei valstybinių mokyklų vaikai (atitinkamai 49 % ir 44 %). Ortodontinio gydymo poreikis buvo didžiausias vaikams pagal turtingas kategorija (56.4 %), po to vaikai iki prastos kategorija (45.3 %) ir kas tarp vaikų iki vidutinės kategorijos (44.4 %). Gyvenimo kokybė buvo nustatyta, kad geriau tarp vaikų, privačios mokyklos nei valstybinėse mokyklose (90,6 % ir 89.0 % atitinkamai). Vaikams, kurie neturėjo nei gera gyvenimo kokybė turėjo mažai arba visai nėra ortodontinio kai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Magister Chirurgiae Dentium (MChD) / The psychological, social, and cultural aspects of facial and dental attractiveness is an integral part of health care. Lay persons perceptions of facial and dental attractiveness are influenced by many factors including age, gender, geographic location (nationally or international), ethnic status, employment status, cultural differences and social class will effect the social impact of the anomalies. In addition, the public response to dental anomalies will vary according to experience of good health or ill health of the individual, relatives and friends. The perception of malocclusion is often seen differently between orthodontists, patients and lay public. The differing perceptions of patients and dental practitioners may influence the delivery of orthodontic care. It has been reported that 70% of orthodontic treatment is dentist induced and that orthodontic treatment may be undertaken without the patient or parents perceiving a problem with the teeth. (DHSS, Schanscheiff Report, 1986). The thresholds of entry and exit for orthodontic care may be different as perceived by orthodontists and lay persons. Orthodontists may pursue full alignment and perfect occlusion whereas lay persons may accept varying degrees of deviation from normal. This current study has assessed and recorded the differences in opinions of professional orthodontists and lay persons on dento-facial aesthetics, orthodontic treatment need and orthodontic treatment outcome. The study was carried out at the Orthodontic Department, University of Wales, College of Medicine, School of Dentistry. The opinions of 56 lay persons (dental technicians, dental nurses and lay persons not involved in the clinical process) and 97 orthodontists was collected by recording judgements using various patient records as stimuli. For each set of records examined, each member of the panel indicated their opinion using Likert scales. Judgements were made by assessments of 68 study casts in respect of:- * the need for orthodontic treatment on dental health grounds. the need for orthodontic treatment on dental aesthetic grounds. deviation from normal occlusion. the decision whether to treat. ** * In addition, judgements were made on a sample of 50 pairs of outline facial profiles before and after treatment in respect of: * * deviation from normal facial aesthetics comparison of aesthetics pre-treatment and post-treatment. Furthermore, assessments on 50 pairs of pre-treatment and post-treatment study casts in respect of: * * degree of improvement as a result of treatment. acceptability of result. Orthodontists subjective judgements are more reliable than lay persons in their assessments of dental aesthetics, dental health and deviation from normal. The level of agreement for the decision to recommend treatment is similar between orthodontists and lay groups ie. lay persons are as reliable as orthodontists in the decision to recommend treatment. Orthodontists tend to recommend 10 - 12 % more treatment than lay persons. The orthodontist group were more reliable than the lay group in assessing degree of improvement and assessment of outcome. Orthodontists reject approximately 25% of cases deemed acceptable by the lay group. Dental aesthetics appeared to be the most important feature in the assessment of treatment outcome by both orthodontists and lay groups.