IT Consumerization is the phenomenon of consumer-originated and consumer-oriented technologies entering organizations and their corresponding organizational impacts, risks, and opportunities. IT Consumerization has fundamentally changed the way organizations respond to the technology needs of business users as well as the corresponding governance, management, and operational maintenance of information technology. Enterprise Architecture (EA), a practice and body of knowledge that views organizations and enterprises through architectural layers, has been posited as an effective tool in supporting the needs of IT Consumerization. This thesis addresses the question of what roles EA can play in the context of IT Consumerization as well as the general effectiveness and comprehensiveness of current EA frameworks in addressing IT Consumerization needs. Using a single case study design, this research study applied directed content analysis and a deductive thematic analysis approach to answer these questions. The initial set of codes and themes were derived from sensitizing concepts within The Open Group Architectural Framework (TOGAF). Findings from this research suggest that IT Consumerization is a complex domain characterized with unpredictability, unknown decision variables, and no single correct answer in the context of problem solving and decision making. Our research suggests that in order for an EA practice to help in IT Consumerization initiatives, organizations must ensure that EA practices are not limited to technical problem solving, and that they have the resources and skills required for business problem solving. While EA has often been positioned as an information technology function within many organizations, we argue that based on our findings, EA’s role within organizations can go beyond this traditionally technical focus, to include both advisory and strategic roles leveraging business skillsets to solve business problems. Our EA role framework is a significant departure from the widespread belief that EA practices start at the translation of business strategy to technology strategy, by proposing that EA can play a valuable role earlier in strategic processes such as business strategy development, direction setting, and change prioritization. This inquiry highlights some of the key interrelationships between EA and IT Consumerization.

Den kraftfulla vågen av digitalisering är idag en prioriterad fråga hos regering, myndigheter, offentliga förvaltningar, företag och privatpersoner samt har inspirerat till att ett nytt sätt att tänka inom informationsteknologin växt fram: IT Consumerization. Med IT Consumerization menas den IT som utvecklas för konsumentmarknaden men vars produkter därpå flyter över till företag och statliga organisationer genom dess användare. Som ett resultat av fenomenet har nya trender, som Internet of Things, Bring Your Own Device, sensorer och appar vuxit fram. Trenderna har samlats under paraplybegreppet “Lättvikts-IT” vilket symboliserar den innovativa explosionen av konsumentorienterade produkter på marknaden som ofta är flexiblare, snabbare och billigare att utveckla. Trenden har stor inverkan på hur IT används i organisationer idag. Utvecklingen påverkar inte bara privatpersoner eller företag utan även den offentliga förvaltningen, som till skillnad från de två första är tungt regelstyrd och saknar samma frihet som den privata sektorn. Därför ämnar denna studie till att undersöka hur Lättvikts-IT påverkar de svenska offentliga förvaltningarna och öka förståelsen för hur verksamheterna förändras till följd av trenden, samt hur deras IT-avdelningar hanterar både trenden och de lagar och regelverk som påverkar dem själva och Lättvikts-IT.Studien grundas i tidigare forskning inom digitalisering, IT Consumerization, Lättvikts-IT, offentliga förvaltningar och IT-avdelningar. Författarna har valt att genomföra semi-strukturerade intervjuer med personer som arbetar med IT inom den offentliga förvaltningen. Detta för att sätta Lättvikts-IT och den offentliga förvaltningen i samma kontext. Därefter har insamlad empiri analyserats i ett försök att skapa en bild av hur förvaltningarna ser på utvecklingen och hur de har bemött den. Studiens slutsats visar på att Lättvikts-IT har gett sig i uttryck i de offentliga förvaltningarna genom det växande införandet och användningen av applikationer och mobila enheter samt en önskan att använda molntjänster. Dock står trenden många gånger i konflikt med de lagar och regelverk som är uppsatta och att detta skapar en frustration hos IT-avdelningarna men också hos användarna som önskar nya och flexibla sätt att utföra sitt arbete. Samtidigt visar studiens resultat på att införandet av Lättvikts-IT har gjort hanteringen av IT-säkerhet mer komplex och att IT-avdelningen inte längre har kontroll över varken hårdvara eller mjukvara inom förvaltningarna, vilket ligger till grund för stor frustration. Förvånande nog omfamnar de offentliga förvaltningarnas IT-avdelningar lättvikts trenden. / Prioritized by the government, authorities, public administrations, businesses and citizens, the powerful wave of digitalization has inspired the emergence of a new way of thinking about information technology: IT Consumerization. IT Consumerization refers to the IT developed for the consumer market but whose products pour over to companies and governments through its users. As a result of the phenomenon new trends, such as Internet of Things, Bring Your Own Device, sensors and apps, has emerged. These trends have been gathered under the umbrella term “Lightweight IT” which symbolizes the innovative explosion of consumer-oriented products on the market that are usually more flexible, faster and cheaper to develop. The trend has had a major impact on how IT is used in organizations today. The expansion does not only affect citizens and companies but also the public administration, which unlike the first two, are heavily ruled by regulations and lack the freedom of the private sector. Therefore, the intention of this study is to examine how Lightweight IT affects the Swedish public administration and how they change as a result of the trend, but also how their IT departments manage both trends and the laws and regulations affecting them and Lightweight IT.The study has been founded by previous research within digitalization, IT Consumerization, Lightweight IT, public administration and IT departments. Following the theoretical framework, semi-structured interviews with employees working with IT within the public administrations was conducted in order to put theory into practice. Additionally, collected empirical data was analyzed in an attempt to understand how the administration themselves perceives the development and how they have chosen to respond to it. The study concludes that the effects of Lightweight IT can be seen by the growing adoption and use of applications and mobile devices in the public administration, as well as the desire to use cloud services. However, the trend frequently appears to be in conflict with established laws and regulations thus creating annoyance both among employees of IT departments but also among users wanting to conduct their work in new and flexible ways. The result of the study show that the introduction of Lightweight IT has made the management of IT security more complex and that IT departments can no longer exercise control of either hardware or software in the administrations, thus causing much frustration. Curiously enough, the trend seems to be embraced by the public administrations' IT departments.

Partindo do contexto contemporâneo de Consumerização da TI, torna-se interessante observar de que maneira as organizações estão atendendo as demandas consequentes de um processo que parece intensificar-se a cada dia, incitando não apenas a discussão, mas o desenvolvimento de uma verdadeira capacidade que pode ultrapassar a simples adaptação. É exatamente a busca da compreensão desta capacidade que vem orientar a questão desta pesquisa. Para tanto, é proposto o conceito de “resiliência tecnológica”, com a definição do constructo e apresentação de seu modelo teórico, desenvolvido a partir das teorias de Difusão da Inovação, da Escolha Racional, da Resiliência e das Capacidades Dinâmicas. A metodologia qualitativa exploratória comparativa adotada para a pesquisa, a partir do estudo de casos múltiplos, contemplou cinco etapas: de formulação do modelo teórico, de validação do protocolo de pesquisa por juízes acadêmicos, de condução de estudo piloto, de replicação da investigação para outras duas organizações, finalizando com o estudo comparativo dos três Casos. Os resultados evidenciaram suporte aos pressupostos investigados, sinalizando ser a resiliência tecnológica uma capacidade desenvolvida a partir da interação entre contexto de transformação tecnológica e características organizacionais. Mostram também que, muito embora esta capacidade possa ser moderada pela presença de elementos de resistência à mudança assentados, especialmente, pelas áreas de tecnologia, pode, da mesma forma, ser indutora de vantagem competitiva. Tais constatações sugerem aderência do modelo de resiliência tecnológica proposto aos três contextos investigados, tanto no que diz respeito à situação de aceitação da Consumerização da TI em ambiente organizacional, como na situação de rejeição da prática, ambas analisadas a partir dos elementos que compõem o modelo teórico. / Based on the context of IT consumerization it is interesting to observe how organizations are facing the resulting demands from a process that seems to intensify each passing day, urging not only discussion, but also the development of a real capacity that exceeds simple adaptation. It is precisely the search to understand this capacity that guides the question of this research. To this end, this paper aims to propose the concept of “technological resilience” presenting its theoretical model, based on the theories of diffusion of innovation, rational choice, resilience and dynamic capabilities. The adopted methodology for this exploratory qualitative research included five stages: formulation of the theoretical model, validation of the research protocol, realization of a pilot case study, application of a validated protocol for other two organizations, concluding with the accomplishment of comparative study between these cases. The results showed support for the assumptions investigated, and stated resilience as a technological capability developed from the interaction between the context of technological change and organizational characteristics. They also showed that, while this capacity can be moderated by the organizational behavior of resistance to change, can likewise be competitive advantage inductor. These findings are consistent with the proposed model, in both situations: of acceptance of the consumerization of IT in organizational environment, and also of rejection, equally analyzed from the perspective of the elements that compose the technological resilience model.

Partindo do contexto contemporâneo de Consumerização da TI, torna-se interessante observar de que maneira as organizações estão atendendo as demandas consequentes de um processo que parece intensificar-se a cada dia, incitando não apenas a discussão, mas o desenvolvimento de uma verdadeira capacidade que pode ultrapassar a simples adaptação. É exatamente a busca da compreensão desta capacidade que vem orientar a questão desta pesquisa. Para tanto, é proposto o conceito de “resiliência tecnológica”, com a definição do constructo e apresentação de seu modelo teórico, desenvolvido a partir das teorias de Difusão da Inovação, da Escolha Racional, da Resiliência e das Capacidades Dinâmicas. A metodologia qualitativa exploratória comparativa adotada para a pesquisa, a partir do estudo de casos múltiplos, contemplou cinco etapas: de formulação do modelo teórico, de validação do protocolo de pesquisa por juízes acadêmicos, de condução de estudo piloto, de replicação da investigação para outras duas organizações, finalizando com o estudo comparativo dos três Casos. Os resultados evidenciaram suporte aos pressupostos investigados, sinalizando ser a resiliência tecnológica uma capacidade desenvolvida a partir da interação entre contexto de transformação tecnológica e características organizacionais. Mostram também que, muito embora esta capacidade possa ser moderada pela presença de elementos de resistência à mudança assentados, especialmente, pelas áreas de tecnologia, pode, da mesma forma, ser indutora de vantagem competitiva. Tais constatações sugerem aderência do modelo de resiliência tecnológica proposto aos três contextos investigados, tanto no que diz respeito à situação de aceitação da Consumerização da TI em ambiente organizacional, como na situação de rejeição da prática, ambas analisadas a partir dos elementos que compõem o modelo teórico. / Based on the context of IT consumerization it is interesting to observe how organizations are facing the resulting demands from a process that seems to intensify each passing day, urging not only discussion, but also the development of a real capacity that exceeds simple adaptation. It is precisely the search to understand this capacity that guides the question of this research. To this end, this paper aims to propose the concept of “technological resilience” presenting its theoretical model, based on the theories of diffusion of innovation, rational choice, resilience and dynamic capabilities. The adopted methodology for this exploratory qualitative research included five stages: formulation of the theoretical model, validation of the research protocol, realization of a pilot case study, application of a validated protocol for other two organizations, concluding with the accomplishment of comparative study between these cases. The results showed support for the assumptions investigated, and stated resilience as a technological capability developed from the interaction between the context of technological change and organizational characteristics. They also showed that, while this capacity can be moderated by the organizational behavior of resistance to change, can likewise be competitive advantage inductor. These findings are consistent with the proposed model, in both situations: of acceptance of the consumerization of IT in organizational environment, and also of rejection, equally analyzed from the perspective of the elements that compose the technological resilience model.

Partindo do contexto contemporâneo de Consumerização da TI, torna-se interessante observar de que maneira as organizações estão atendendo as demandas consequentes de um processo que parece intensificar-se a cada dia, incitando não apenas a discussão, mas o desenvolvimento de uma verdadeira capacidade que pode ultrapassar a simples adaptação. É exatamente a busca da compreensão desta capacidade que vem orientar a questão desta pesquisa. Para tanto, é proposto o conceito de “resiliência tecnológica”, com a definição do constructo e apresentação de seu modelo teórico, desenvolvido a partir das teorias de Difusão da Inovação, da Escolha Racional, da Resiliência e das Capacidades Dinâmicas. A metodologia qualitativa exploratória comparativa adotada para a pesquisa, a partir do estudo de casos múltiplos, contemplou cinco etapas: de formulação do modelo teórico, de validação do protocolo de pesquisa por juízes acadêmicos, de condução de estudo piloto, de replicação da investigação para outras duas organizações, finalizando com o estudo comparativo dos três Casos. Os resultados evidenciaram suporte aos pressupostos investigados, sinalizando ser a resiliência tecnológica uma capacidade desenvolvida a partir da interação entre contexto de transformação tecnológica e características organizacionais. Mostram também que, muito embora esta capacidade possa ser moderada pela presença de elementos de resistência à mudança assentados, especialmente, pelas áreas de tecnologia, pode, da mesma forma, ser indutora de vantagem competitiva. Tais constatações sugerem aderência do modelo de resiliência tecnológica proposto aos três contextos investigados, tanto no que diz respeito à situação de aceitação da Consumerização da TI em ambiente organizacional, como na situação de rejeição da prática, ambas analisadas a partir dos elementos que compõem o modelo teórico. / Based on the context of IT consumerization it is interesting to observe how organizations are facing the resulting demands from a process that seems to intensify each passing day, urging not only discussion, but also the development of a real capacity that exceeds simple adaptation. It is precisely the search to understand this capacity that guides the question of this research. To this end, this paper aims to propose the concept of “technological resilience” presenting its theoretical model, based on the theories of diffusion of innovation, rational choice, resilience and dynamic capabilities. The adopted methodology for this exploratory qualitative research included five stages: formulation of the theoretical model, validation of the research protocol, realization of a pilot case study, application of a validated protocol for other two organizations, concluding with the accomplishment of comparative study between these cases. The results showed support for the assumptions investigated, and stated resilience as a technological capability developed from the interaction between the context of technological change and organizational characteristics. They also showed that, while this capacity can be moderated by the organizational behavior of resistance to change, can likewise be competitive advantage inductor. These findings are consistent with the proposed model, in both situations: of acceptance of the consumerization of IT in organizational environment, and also of rejection, equally analyzed from the perspective of the elements that compose the technological resilience model.