Orientador: Gilmar Barreto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T07:10:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_FelipedeMello_M.pdf: 6968120 bytes, checksum: 59d5634a5a4bff603ee4b2bf138d55ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este trabalho enfoca o problema de identificação multivariável de um processo de incineração de resíduos líquidos que faz parte do complexo da unidade de utilidades da empresa BASF S.A, localizada em Resende-RJ. Para trabalhos futuros, pretendemos utilizar esta identificação em um projeto de controlador inteligente. A escolha desse processo foi motivada pelo potencial de melhoria no sistema de controle da combustão, sendo realizado um estudo com as possíveis melhorias econômicas e operacionais com a otimização do processo de incineração. Os sistemas nebulosos foram enfocados de maneira especial, por causa da sua capacidade de processar informação de natureza incerta e qualitativa. O modelo nebuloso Takagi-Sugeno (TS) foi implementado para representar o processo de incineração de resíduos líquidos em estudo. Os resultados das simulações efetuadas com os modelos nebulosos TS obtidos representam de maneira adequada o comportamento real do sistema de incineração / Abstract: This work is concerned with the problem of multivariable identification of liquids residues incineration process that is a complex part of utilities unit in BASF SA. Company, located in Resende-RJ. For future works, we intend use this identification in an intelligent controller design. The choice of this process was motivated by the potential of improvement on combustion system control of the incineration process, and was realized a study considering the possible economic and operational improvements with the incineration process optimization. The fuzzy systems were focused in a special way, because of its capability to process information of uncertain and qualitative nature. The Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model was implemented to represent the studied liquids residues incineration process. The simulation results obtained with TS fuzzy models represent, in an adequate way, the real behavior of an incineration system / Mestrado / Automação / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Orientador: Flávio Vasconcelos da Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T15:14:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Franco_IvanCarlos_D.pdf: 30656846 bytes, checksum: 73b0216f94ce7393fb51d78cc6e4ea7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Os sistemas de refrigeração estão presentes em diferentes ramos da indústria e caracterizam-se como grandes consumidores de energia com considerável comportamento não-linear. Inúmeros trabalhos vêm sido desenvolvidos para promover a redução dos gastos energéticos e a minimização dos efeitos das não-linearidades nestes sistemas. A aplicação da automação e do controle de processos, particularmente o uso de técnicas avançadas de controle, são estratégias amplamente utilizadas para esta finalidade. O Controle Preditivo baseado em Modelos (MPC) é capaz de estabilizar processos onde há não-linearidades, sendo promissora a sua aplicação em sistemas de refrigeração. Neste trabalho, foi desenvolvido um SIStema de MOnitoramento e Controle Avançado para Refrigeração (SISMOCAR) capaz de monitorar, em tempo real, através da comunicação OPC (OLE for Process Control), todas as variáveis envolvidas no ciclo de refrigeração e também realizar o controle das variáveis de interesse. Modelos Takagi-Sugeno (SISO) para a predição das temperaturas de evaporação (Te) e do fluido secundário (Tp) foram desenvolvidos e validados, a partir da técnica ANFIS (Adaptative Network based Fuzzy Inference Systems), com análise de desempenho baseado no cálculo do VAF (Variance accounted for). Os modelos Takagi-Sugeno validados foram utilizados como base para Controladores Preditivos, mais especificamente um Controlador Preditivo Generalizado (GPC). Os controladores GPC's foram desenvolvidos sem restrições na função objetivo da ação do controlador. Foram projetados diferentes controladores preditivos para diferentes regras locais (Regras Fuzzy), sendo a ação global do controlador a integração ponderada dos modelos locais. Foram desenvolvidos três diferentes controladores: GPC1 (controle da temperatura de evaporação utilizando modelo de predição da Te em função da frequência do compressor); GPC2 (controle da temperatura do propilenoglicol utilizando modelo de predição da Tp em função da frequência do compressor) e GPC3 (controle da temperatura do propilenoglicol utilizando o modelo de predição da Tp em função da frequência da bomba do evaporador). Os testes realizados para rastreamento do set-point (±1 °C), com carga térmica constante de 3000 W, mostraram-se satisfatórios sendo os melhores desempenhos apresentados pelos controladores GPC1 e GPC2 onde o desvio da variável controlada em relação ao set point, dos respectivos controladores, ficou em torno de ± 0,3 °C / Abstract: Refrigeration systems can be found in many different branches of industry and are characterized as great energy consumers with considerable non-linear behavior. Several studies have been developed to promote the reduction of energy costs and to minimize the effects of nonlinearities in these systems. The use of automation and process control, particularly the use of advanced control techniques, is a widely used strategy for this purpose. The Model Predictive Control (MPC) is capable of stabilizing processes in which there are nonlinearities, and it is a promising application in refrigeration systems. In this work, a System for Monitoring and Advanced Control in Refrigeration (SISMOCAR) was developed using OPC (OLE for Process Control) communication. This feature allowed beyond real time monitoring for all variables involved in the refrigeration cycle, the control of the relevant variables. Furthermore, to predict the evaporating (Te) and the secondary fluid (Tp) temperatures, Takagi-Sugeno models (SISO) were developed and validated using the ANFIS (Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference Systems) technique, with performance analysis based on the VAF (Variance accounted for) calculation. The validated Takagi-Sugeno models were used as basis for Predictive Controllers, specifically using Generalized Predictive Controller (GPC) strategy. The GPC controllers were developed without constraints in the objective function of the controller action. Different predictive controllers were designed for different local rules (Fuzzy Rules), being the weighted integration of the local models the controller global action. Three different controllers were developed: GPC1 (evaporating temperature control using the Te predictive model as a function of compressor frequency); GPC2 (control of propylene glycol temperature using the Tp predictive model as a function of compressor frequency) and GPC3 (control of propylene glycol temperature using the Tp predictive model as a function of the frequency of the evaporator pump). The tests performed for the set-point tracking (± 1 °C), with constant thermal load of 3000 W, were considered satisfactory and best performances were those obtained by GPC1 and GPC2 controllers, in which the controlled variable was around ± 0,3 °C / Doutorado / Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica / Doutor em Engenharia Química

Millimeter-wave Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology presents itself as the most viable solution for the development of RF systems. It is a cost-e ective solution, suitable for mass production of such systems. Like planar circuits, SIW structures are compact, light weight and easy to fabricate. They also preserve some of the major advantages of metallic waveguides, namely, low loss, high quality factor and high power handling capabilities. In RF systems, rectangular waveguide horns have found various applications due to their exceptional radiation properties. From their simple construction, ease of ex- citation, usefulness and high gain, they are readily used as feed component in various RF systems, they also aid as the standardization for calibration and gain measure- ments of other high gain antennas. We are aware that, in an H-plane horn antenna, the rectangular waveguide is flared in the direction of the H-field. A large aperture in the H-plane presents the narrower half power beamwidth whereas a small aperture in the E-plane gives a wider beamwidth. In this research, the design of a SIW H- plane horn antenna with approximately symmetric half power beamwidths in both the E- and H-planes is proposed, using the commercially available electromagnetic field solver CST Microwave Studio to design and simulate proposed antenna characteristics and performance. Also, radiation patterns are analyzed and in order to validate the simulation results, measurements are performed on a fabricated prototype antenna. / Graduate

The major advantages of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology over barcodes are that the RFID-tagged objects do not require to be in line-of-sight with the reader for their identification and multiple objects can be read simultaneously. But when multiple objects are read simultaneously there is always a problem of collision which reduces the efficiency of the system. This thesis presents a comprehensive study of the dynamic framed slotted ALOHA (DFSA)-based anti-collision multi-tag identification algorithms for passive RFID system. Performance of various DFSA algorithms is compared through extensive simulation results. In addition, a number of simple performance improvement techniques have also been investigated in this thesis, including improved estimation techniques for the number of tags in each read cycle and a low-complexity heuristic stopping criterion that can be easily implemented in the practical system.

Orientadores: João Mauricio Rosário, Didier Dumur / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T07:43:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RinconArdila_LizKatherine_D.pdf: 34773968 bytes, checksum: a0a6769d12cd82525097b60b095e82b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta tese de doutorado apresenta o estudo do comportamento dinâmico para máquinas-ferramenta CNC (Controle Numérico Computadorizado) com ênfase na implementação do sistema de controle, a fim de melhorar o desempenho desse dispositivo, possibilitando assim a obtenção de maiores velocidades de funcionamento com precisão de operação. O estudo do comportamento dinâmico do sistema foi baseado na modelagem dinâmica do dispositivo CNC, através de um modelo tipo MIMO (Múltiplas Entradas- Múltiplas Saídas), não linear, invariante no tempo, constituído pelo modelo do sistema mecânico, elétrico, eletrônico e controle. O modelo é fundamentado no estudo dos torques estático, dinâmico e de perturbações, incluindo a dinâmica não linear ocorrida pelos efeitos de atrito dos componentes, variação inercial e forças de perturbação. O modelo final é definido mediante a aplicação de uma estratégia proposta de identificação e estimação de parâmetros dinâmicos do dispositivo CNC real. A estratégia é baseada na estimação de parâmetros através de modelos de referência e método de otimização não linear. O sistema de controle proposto é constituído pelos níveis de geração de movimentos, controle e compensação, diagnóstico e otimização. O nível de controle utiliza estratégias de controle PID, controle preditivo generalizado (GPC) e controle preditivo robusto (GPCR). O nível de compensação é configurado pelos controladores em feedforward utilizando modelos de atrito e variação inercial. Finalmente, a validação e testes são realizados inicialmente através da implementação de um simulador virtual de dispositivo CNC, com posterior validação experimental em um dispositivo com arquitetura de supervisão e controle aberto disponível no Laboratório de Automação e Robótica da UNICAMP / Abstract: This doctoral thesis presents the dynamic behavior for CNC (Computer Numerical Control) Machine Tool with emphasis on the control system, for the purpose of improving the machine's performance, by obtaining high operation's velocity with precision. This study was based on the dynamic modeling by means of MIMO (multiple-input and multiple-output), nonlinear, and invariant time model, constituted by mechanical, electrical, electronics and control models. The model is based on the study of static, dynamic, and perturbation torques, and includes the nonlinear dynamic caused by the effects of friction in the components, inertial variation and perturbation's force. The final model is defined through the application of a strategy proposed by the identification and parameters estimation, in order to obtain the actual CNC machine's values. The strategy is formed by the parameters estimation by means of reference models and nonlinear optimization methods. The control architecture proposed is composed of the following levels: movement generator, control and compensation, diagnosis and optimization. The level of control applies strategies of PID control, generalized predictive control (GPC) and robust predictive control (GPCR). The level of compensation is configured by the feedforward controls, which utilize the friction and inertial variation models. Finally, the validation and tests are developed initially through the implementation of a virtual simulator of CNC machine tool, with the latter experimental validation in device with supervision and open architecture control, available in UNICAMP / Doutorado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Doutora em Engenharia Mecânica

Thesis (D. Tech. (Electrical Engineering)) - Central University of technology, Free State, 2012 / Radio frequency identification technology (RFID) has emerged as a key technology for automatic identification and promises to revolutionize business processes. While RFID technology adoption is improving rapidly, reliable and widespread deployment of this technology still faces many significant challenges. The key deployment challenges include how to use the simple, unreliable raw data generated by RFID deployments to make business decisions; and how to manage a large number of deployed RFID devices. In this thesis, a multi-agent based RFID middleware which addresses some of the RFID data and device management challenges was developed. The middleware developed abstracts the auto-identification applications from physical RFID device specific details and provides necessary services such as device management, data cleaning, event generation, query capabilities and event persistence. The use of software agent technology offers a more scalable and distributed system architecture for the proposed middleware. As part of a multi-agent system, application-independent domain ontology for RFID devices was developed. This ontology can be used or extended in any application interested with RFID domain ontology. In order to address the event processing tasks within the proposed middleware system, a temporal-based RFID data model which considers both applications’ temporal and spatial granules in the data model itself for efficient event processing was developed. The developed data model extends the conventional Entity-Relationship constructs by adding a time attribute to the model. By maintaining the history of events and state changes, the data model captures the fundamental RFID application logic within the data model. Hence, this new data model supports efficient generation of application level events, updating, querying and analysis of both recent and historical events. As part of the RFID middleware, an adaptive sliding-window based data cleaning scheme for reducing missed readings from RFID data streams (called WSTD) was also developed. The WSTD scheme models the unreliability of the RFID readings by viewing RFID streams as a statistical sample of tags in the physical world, and exploits techniques grounded in sampling theory to drive its cleaning processes. The WSTD scheme is capable of efficiently coping with both environmental variations and tag dynamics by automatically and continuously adapting its cleaning window size, based on observed readings.

Devido à crescente implementação do Controle Preditivo baseado em Modelo (MPC) em outros processos além de refino e plantas petroquímicas, que geralmente possuem múltiplas entradas e saídas, tem-se um aumento na demanda de modelos gerados por identificação de sistemas. Identificar modelos que representem fielmente a dinâmica do processo depende em grande medida das características dos sinais de excitação dos processos. Assim, o foco deste trabalho é realizar um estudo dos sinais típicos usados em identificação de sistemas, PRBS e GBN, em uma abordagem multivariável. O estudo feito neste trabalho parte das características da geração dos sinais individualmente, depois é feita uma análise de correlação cruzada dos sinais de entrada, observando a influência desta sobre os resultados de identificação. Evitar uma alta correlação entre os sinais de entrada permite determinar o efeito de cada entrada sobre a saída no processo de identificação. Um ponto importante no projeto de sinais de identificação de sistemas multivariáveis é a frequência dos mesmos para conseguir excitar os processos nas regiões de frequência de operação normal e assim extrair a maior informação dinâmica possível do processo. As características estudadas são avaliadas por meio de testes em três plantas simuladas diferentes, categorizadas como mal, medianamente e bem condicionadas. Estas implementações foram feitas usando sinais GBN e PRBS de diferentes frequências. Expressões para a caracterização dos sinais de excitação foram avaliadas identificando os processos em malha aberta e malha fechada. Para as plantas mal condicionadas foram implementados sinais compostos por uma parte completamente correlacionada e uma parte não-correlacionada, conhecido como método de dois passos. Finalmente são realizados experimentos de identificação em uma aplicação em tempo real de uma planta piloto de neutralização de pH. Os testes realizados na planta foram feitos visando avaliar os estudos de frequência e correlação em uma aplicaficção real. Os resultados mostram que a condição de sinais completamente descorrelacionados n~ao deve ser cumprida para ter bons resultados nos modelos identificados. Isto permite ter mais exibilidade na geração do conjunto de sinais de excitação. / Due to the Predictive Control based on Model (MPC) rising in other process beyond refining and petrochemical plants, which in general have multiple inputs and outputs, there have been an increase in demand of models generated by system identification. Identify models that accurately represent the dynamics of the process depends largely on the characteristics of the processes excitation signals. Thus, the focus of this work is to perform a study of the typical signals used in identification systems, PRBS and GBN, in a multivariable approach. The study carried out in this work begins on the individual generation characteristics of the signals, and then an analysis is made of input signals cross-correlation, by observing the in uence of this on the identification results. Avoid a high correlation among the input signals allows to determine the effect of each input on the output of the identification process. An important point in the signals design for multivariable system identification is its frequency to get excite the processes in the normal operation frequency regions and thus extract the maximum dynamic information possible of the process. The studied characteristics are evaluated by testing three different simulated plants, categorized as well, medium and ill conditioned. These implementations were made using GBN and PRBS signals of dierent frequencies. Expressions to characterize the excitation signals were evaluated identifying the processes in open and closed-loop. For ill-conditioned plants were implemented signals composed by a fully correlated part and a non-correlated part, known as two-step method. Finally, identification experiments are performed on a real time application in a pilot pH neutralization plant. The tests were made in the plant in order to evaluate the frequency and correlation studies in a real application. The results show that the completely uncorrelated signals condition must not be satisfied to have good results on the identified models, which besides allows greater exibility in the generation of the excitation signals set.

Ubiquitous computing describes the notion that computing devices will be everywhere: clothing, walls and floors of buildings, cars, forests, deserts, etc. Ubiquitous computing is becoming a reality: RFIDs are currently being introduced into the supply chain. Wireless distributed sensor networks (WSN) are already being used to monitor wildlife and to track military targets. Many more applications are being envisioned. For most of these applications some level of security is of utmost importance. Common to WSN and RFIDs are their severely limited power resources, which classify them as ultra-low power devices. Early sensor nodes used simple 8-bit microprocessors to implement basic communication, sensing and computing services. Security was an afterthought. The main power consumer is the RF-transceiver, or radio for short. In the past years specialized hardware for low-data rate and low-power radios has been developed. The new bottleneck are security services which employ computationally intensive cryptographic operations. Customized hardware implementations hold the promise of enabling security for severely power constrained devices. Most research groups are concerned with developing secure wireless communication protocols, others with designing efficient software implementations of cryptographic algorithms. There has not been a comprehensive study on hardware implementations of cryptographic algorithms tailored for ultra-low power applications. The goal of this dissertation is to develop a suite of cryptographic functions for authentication, encryption and integrity that is specifically fashioned to the needs of ultra-low power devices. This dissertation gives an introduction to the specific problems that security engineers face when they try to solve the seemingly contradictory challenge of providing lightweight cryptographic services that can perform on ultra-low power devices and shows an overview of our current work and its future direction.

The reliability of RFID systems depends on a number of factors including: RF interference, deployment environment, configuration of the readers, and placement of readers and tags. While RFID technology is improving rapidly, a reliable deployment of this technology is still a significant challenge impeding wide-spread adoption. This research investigates system software solutions for achieving a highly reliable deployment that mitigates inherent unreliability in RFID technology. We have considered two different problem domains for large scale RFID deployment. One is item tracking and the other is guidance-monitoring. Item tracking considers applications that have statically placed RFID readers to observe the RFID tagged objects in motion. An airport scenario to observe the tagged baggage or warehouse scenarios to track the tagged goods are examples of item tracking applications. A self guided tour, search and rescue scenario or a visually impaired person looking for direction and guidance in a tagged environment are examples of item location applications. It is observed that there is a notion of path that follows the direction and flow of the mobile items in the item tracking applications and a path gets created along the direction and flow of the mobile object in item location applications. A system level knowledge of the data flow can benefit the system in different aspects such as improved reliability, resource management and real time response. We have designed and implemented an RFID middleware for item tracking: RF²ID (Reliable Framework for Radio Frequency Identification) to organize and support queries over data streams in an efficient manner. We have developed (1) a virtual reader abstraction to improve the potentially error-prone nature of reader generated data (2) a novel path abstraction to capture the logical flow of information among virtual readers. Prototype implementation using both RFID readers and simulated readers using an empirical model of RFID readers show that RF²ID is able to provide high reliability, support path-based object detection and use efficient resource management techniques. We propose a middleware solution that takes into account the data flow information for item location application that requires real time response. The guidance-monitoring scenario considers mobile RFID readers that traverse in a tagged environment. We consider the scenario of an Assisted Living Center for elderly residents as a motivating guidance-monitoring application. The solution for guidance-monitoring system is called GuardianAngel. The application scenario considers a tagged indoor environment with residents having their own RFID readers to provide them with adequate information about the surroundings. The guidance and monitoring requirement can be conflicting. The guidance information requires very fine grain information about the environment to make proper decisions. On the other hand, the monitoring system must not have a fine grain knowledge which can introduce concerns such as privacy concerns. We consider this aspect during the design and implementation. The system is a two layered infrastructure that has the upper layer which is the monitoring layer. This layer is in charge of monitoring of the actors in the environment. The monitoring layer is physically a set of distributed virtual stations that have the knowledge about the environment. The environment itself is equipped with RFID tags. The residents of the environment have the mobile object that has a sensing element and a computing element (e.g., handhold device with a portable RFID reader) - the guidance server runs on this mobile object. The guidance server is in charge of making local decisions to the users. It is resource limited and asks for new information from the virtual stations as needed. The guidance server also provides the monitoring server with the information regarding the status of the mobile object. But the status information is not fine grain information - the guidance server wraps up the information over a period of time and over a larger region to hide the detailed information of the users.The system uses the logical path based abstraction to guide the users. We have implemented the real testbed using grid structured RFID devices along with scalability study using emulated RFID readers. The basic contribution of our work is based on providing novel middleware solution that is able to serve the application taking into account the inherent unreliability of RFID technology. Our path abstraction that uses the physical flow of data as an ally to generate a logical system level flow enhances the performance in many ways.

Until recent developments, labor productivity had been analyzed manually requiring time-consuming work and the possibility of human error. Past research has shown the multitude of benefits obtained from implementing radio frequency identification technology within various construction sites including asset tracking, inventory management, and on-site security upgrades. Additional construction improvements can be identified in terms of productivity analysis of work crews, material transport, and the overall approach to a project to determine whether the construction process is operating at maximum efficiency or can be adjusted to improve its effectiveness. This paper presents the results of implementing radio-frequency identification technology and provides a study of labor productivity analysis for a window replacement project on a high-rise construction site. This extensive study tracks the efficiency of a buck hoist worker and material lift system for transportation and illustrates the applicability of the technology despite the presence of numerous signal impeding obstacles located throughout the site. These issues are resolved with an effective automated location and time tracking system that work in both an indoor and outdoor environment simultaneously with a data recording software and database. The in-house development of the database allows for timely information retrieval of various items of interest in this study and requires less The experimental results show that RFID technology has the capacity to work and produce useful data for labor productivity purposes in an ever-changing construction environment. The research further recognizes relevant information regarding system optimization and worker feedback for future use.