In past gender identity research, little attention has been paid to the determinants of the various dimensions of gender identity (felt pressure for gender differentiation, gender contentedness, and within-gender typicality). This study examined whether children’s self-perceptions and social behaviors influence changes in gender identity over time. One hundred and ninety-five fourth- through seventh-graders completed self-report and peer-report questionnaires during the fall and spring of a school year. This study found that both felt pressure for gender differentiation and within-gender typicality are fluid, rather than stable, constructs during childhood. It also found that sex plays a significant role in not only which constructs influence gender identity, but which components of gender identity are influenced. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013.

published_or_final_version / Psychology / Master / Master of Philosophy

The abstract is only available to students, faculty and staff at PSU

Thesis (MEdPsych)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Identity formation is a multifaceted process that has implications for how one feels about oneself and the decisions one makes about one's future. Developmental theorists have therefore become increasingly interested in the impact of contextual factors on the development of identity formation, especially the school context. The aim of this research was to explore how adolescents who have attended a school of skills perceive their identity. In order to do this, this research made use of a basic qualitative research design that is embedded within the interpretive paradigm. Participants were purposively selected and invited to take part in the study, after which four participants and their parents willingly participated. Interviews were used as the primary method of data collection along with the researcher's reflexive notes and an inductive process of qualitative thematic content analysis was used to analyse the data. The results revealed variability in responses, as individuals made meaning according to their own construction of past experiences within and outside the school context. The study showed that the participants entered the school of skills with a poor sense of self due to the lack of support and guidance and the effects of being labelled and excluded in the mainstream primary school. The results further indicate that schools of skills face severe negative public evaluation, which had a negative impact on how the participants felt about being referred to and having to attend a school of skills. However, most of the participants felt that their attendance at a school of skills had shaped their sense of identity in a positive way, as public forms of evaluation were mitigated by significant relations with teachers and a sense of belonging among their peers. Finally, although the participants feel more positive about themselves, they are concerned about their future vocational opportunities, as they feel that the school has not offered a contribution for a viable identity. The findings of this study will inform counsellors, school personnel and parents regarding identity-related issues in the school context. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Identiteitsvorming is 'n proses met baie fasette en het baie implikasies vir hoe 'n mens oor jouself voel en hoe jy besluite oor die toekoms neem. Ontwikkelingsteoretici het dus toenemend begin belangstel in die impak van kontekstuele faktore op die ontwikkeling van identiteitsvorming, veral in die skoolkonteks. Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om ondersoek in te stel na hoe adolessente wat 'n vaardigheidskool bygewoon het hul identiteit sien. Ten einde dit te doen, is gebruik gemaak van 'n basiese kwantitatiewe ontwerp, wat interpretasie-paradigma insluit. Deelnemers is doelbewus gekies en uitgenooi om aan die studie deel te neem, en vier deelnemers en hul ouers het ingewillig om deel te neem. Onderhoude is gebruik as die primêre metode van data-insameling tesame met die navorser se besinnende aantekeninge. 'n Induktiewe proses van kwalitatiewe tema-ontleding is gebruik om die data te ontleed. 'n Verskeidenheid resultate is gevind as gevolg van individue se interpretasie van ervarings in die verlede binne en buite die skoolkonteks. Die studie toon dat deelnemers wat by 'n vaardigheidskool skoolgaan 'n swak selfbeeld het. Die studie dui verder aan dat die gebrek aan ondersteuning, leiding, etikettering en uitsluiting in die hoofstroom-laerskool 'n impak gehad het op deelnemers se lae selfbeeld. Die studie wys verder ook dat die negatiewe publieke persepsie 'n negatiewe invloed het op hoe deelnemers voel oor die verwysing na en bywoning van 'n vaardigheidskool. Tog het die meeste van die deelnemers gevoel dat hul bywoning van 'n vaardigheidskool hul sin van identiteit op 'n positiewe manier beïnvloed het. Goeie verhoudings met onderwysers en 'n gevoel van behoort onder hul eweknieë het die impak van die negatiewe persepsie versag. Hoewel die deelnemers positiewer oor hulself voel, is hulle bekommerd oor hul toekomstige beroepsgeleenthede, aangesien hulle voel dat 'n vaardigheidskool nie 'n bydrae tot 'n lewensvatbare identiteit bied nie. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie sal beraders, skoolpersoneel en ouers bewus maak van identiteitskwessies in die skoolkonteks.

This descriptive research addressed the challenges of working with the conscious and unconscious aspects of diversity in order to enhance insights into covert and deeper diversity dynamics in organisations. The research supported the evolving trend of shifting the systems psychodynamic orientation from the group to the individual context. The general aim was to describe a systems psychodynamic coaching model, and to determine its trustworthiness in assisting executives to work effectively with conscious and unconscious diversity dynamics. Literature was reviewed to provide a theoretical foundation of diversity challenges which executives face in South African organisations. This was augmented by systems psychodynamic literature, which provided a theoretical basis upon which to understand the intrapsychic aspects of the executives and their interplay with systemic dynamics. The empirical study was conducted over ten months to determine the trustworthiness of executive coaching in diversity from a systems psychodynamic perspective. Data was gathered using the organisational role analysis approach, and analysed by means of the systems psychodynamic discourse analysis method. Nine major themes and their related sub-themes were identified, namely, gender, race, ethnicity, authority, disability, language, age, de-authorisation of diversity work, and the coaching process. Through the coaching, the executives gained insights into their intrapsychic environment and the complex, multifaceted and intersecting nature of diversity in their organisations. They were assisted to take up their leadership roles more effectively and to take action on behalf of their organisations. The research hypothesis formulated and the conclusion made was that executive coaching from a systems psychodynamic perspective displays trustworthiness. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Consulting Psychology)

This descriptive research addressed the challenges of working with the conscious and unconscious aspects of diversity in order to enhance insights into covert and deeper diversity dynamics in organisations. The research supported the evolving trend of shifting the systems psychodynamic orientation from the group to the individual context. The general aim was to describe a systems psychodynamic coaching model, and to determine its trustworthiness in assisting executives to work effectively with conscious and unconscious diversity dynamics. Literature was reviewed to provide a theoretical foundation of diversity challenges which executives face in South African organisations. This was augmented by systems psychodynamic literature, which provided a theoretical basis upon which to understand the intrapsychic aspects of the executives and their interplay with systemic dynamics. The empirical study was conducted over ten months to determine the trustworthiness of executive coaching in diversity from a systems psychodynamic perspective. Data was gathered using the organisational role analysis approach, and analysed by means of the systems psychodynamic discourse analysis method. Nine major themes and their related sub-themes were identified, namely, gender, race, ethnicity, authority, disability, language, age, de-authorisation of diversity work, and the coaching process. Through the coaching, the executives gained insights into their intrapsychic environment and the complex, multifaceted and intersecting nature of diversity in their organisations. They were assisted to take up their leadership roles more effectively and to take action on behalf of their organisations. The research hypothesis formulated and the conclusion made was that executive coaching from a systems psychodynamic perspective displays trustworthiness. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Consulting Psychology)

O presente estudo teve como objetivo problematizar os posicionamentos de adolescentes quanto às questões de sexualidade e gênero emergentes no contexto de uma escola da rede particular de ensino da cidade de João Pessoa. Foram analisados o contexto escolar e seus mecanismos de disciplinarização e regulação dos corpos adolescentes; os sentidos atribuídos ao corpo por esses adolescentes e suas relações com os regimes de verdade; os sentidos e significados que atribuem à sexualidade e a percepção das diferenças entre os gêneros e suas relações com as práticas sexuais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, usando o método etnográfico, que supõe a inserção do/da pesquisador/a no ambiente da investigação. Conforme a modalidade etnográfica, utilizou-se como instrumento a Observação Participante com registros no Diário de Campo, associado ao Grupo Focal, técnica que favorece o debate, trocas de experiências, e possibilita intervenções entre os/as participantes; e um Questionário Sociodemográfico. Tomou-se como participantes que compuseram a rede enunciativa da investigação, todos aqueles que foram alvo das observações, uma vez que produziram dados; nessa perspectiva, a própria pesquisadora foi incluída como produtora de dados, além dos alunos que compuseram os grupos focais, professores e demais funcionários da instituição, que foram observados. A técnica do Grupo Focal foi aplicada em dois grupos de alunos/as. O primeiro, composto por sete alunos/as, sendo um do sexo masculino e seis do sexo feminino, com idade entre quatorze e quinze anos. O segundo grupo foi composto por nove alunas, com idade entre quinze e dezesseis anos. A apreciação dos dados produzidos se deu a partir de uma análise do discurso numa perspectiva foucaultiana. Os resultados mostraram que os mecanismos de disciplinarização utilizados no contexto escolar, baseados prioritariamente na vigilância constante e no controle sobre as condutas dos alunos/as, atuam de modo a classificá-los/as e normatizá-los/as. Os discursos apontaram para uma necessidade de conformação corporal aos padrões de beleza vigentes sob a égide de um corpo saudável. A sexualidade foi associada aos discursos sobre a iniciação sexual, prevenção e gravidez na adolescência. Observou-se, também, que a apreensão das diferenças entre os sexos é marcada por um assujeitamento do feminino como algo já dado, isto é, naturalizado. Concluímos que os discursos dos/das adolescentes expressaram o predomínio de um posicionamento moralmente aceito, porém permeado de contradições e rupturas.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:08:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 roberta_caldas_domingues_meneses.pdf: 1522161 bytes, checksum: b06eb4485fcb80a803281caef7ea82b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-23 / The present study is aimed to problematize teenager's stand in regard to gender and sexuality emerged from the context of a private school located at the city of João Pessoa. Many aspects were analyzed such as school context and its mechanisms of adolescent's body discipline; the meanings given to the body by these teenagers and their relations with Regimes of truth; the meanings and significance given to sexuality and it's perceptions of gender differences in relation with sexual practices. Research was a qualitative one and it used the ethnographic method where the researcher is supposed to be inserted in the environment investigated. According to the ethnographic method, the instrument utilized was the Field Diary, associated with the Focus Group, technique which favors debate, exchange of experiences, and allows interventions among participants; and, a social-demographic list of questions. Were considered as participants on this network of enunciation, all of those observed, since all of them produced data. In this perspective, even the researcher was considered a source of data, along with the students who composed the Focal Groups, teachers and all school staff observed. The students participants composed two Focal Groups. The first was composed by seven students, one male and six females, all aged between fourteen and fifteen. The second group was composed by nine female students aged between fifteen and sixteen. The analysis of the data produced looked for analyzing speech from a foulcauldian perspective. Results have shown that discipline mechanisms utilized in school context, primarily based on constant vigilance and behavior control of the students, lead to their classification and standardization. The speeches pointed to a necessity of adaptation of the figure to beauty standards featured in a healthy body. Sexuality was associated to speeches about sexual initiation, precautions and adolescent pregnancy. It was also observed that understanding of differences among gender is marked by female subjection as a given state, that is, naturalized. We conclude that the adolescent's speech expressed the predominance of a morally accepted stand, filled, however, with rupture and contradiction. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo problematizar os posicionamentos de adolescentes quanto às questões de sexualidade e gênero emergentes no contexto de uma escola da rede particular de ensino da cidade de João Pessoa. Foram analisados o contexto escolar e seus mecanismos de disciplinarização e regulação dos corpos adolescentes; os sentidos atribuídos ao corpo por esses adolescentes e suas relações com os regimes de verdade; os sentidos e significados que atribuem à sexualidade e a percepção das diferenças entre os gêneros e suas relações com as práticas sexuais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, usando o método etnográfico, que supõe a inserção do/da pesquisador/a no ambiente da investigação. Conforme a modalidade etnográfica, utilizou-se como instrumento a Observação Participante com registros no Diário de Campo, associado ao Grupo Focal, técnica que favorece o debate, trocas de experiências, e possibilita intervenções entre os/as participantes; e um Questionário Sociodemográfico. Tomou-se como participantes que compuseram a rede enunciativa da investigação, todos aqueles que foram alvo das observações, uma vez que produziram dados; nessa perspectiva, a própria pesquisadora foi incluída como produtora de dados, além dos alunos que compuseram os grupos focais, professores e demais funcionários da instituição, que foram observados. A técnica do Grupo Focal foi aplicada em dois grupos de alunos/as. O primeiro, composto por sete alunos/as, sendo um do sexo masculino e seis do sexo feminino, com idade entre quatorze e quinze anos. O segundo grupo foi composto por nove alunas, com idade entre quinze e dezesseis anos. A apreciação dos dados produzidos se deu a partir de uma análise do discurso numa perspectiva foucaultiana. Os resultados mostraram que os mecanismos de disciplinarização utilizados no contexto escolar, baseados prioritariamente na vigilância constante e no controle sobre as condutas dos alunos/as, atuam de modo a classificá-los/as e normatizá-los/as. Os discursos apontaram para uma necessidade de conformação corporal aos padrões de beleza vigentes sob a égide de um corpo saudável. A sexualidade foi associada aos discursos sobre a iniciação sexual, prevenção e gravidez na adolescência. Observou-se, também, que a apreensão das diferenças entre os sexos é marcada por um assujeitamento do feminino como algo já dado, isto é, naturalizado. Concluímos que os discursos dos/das adolescentes expressaram o predomínio de um posicionamento moralmente aceito, porém permeado de contradições e rupturas.

The paucity of women in senior leadership positions as indicated in the Business Women Association of South Africa 2011 census corroborates that gender equality is still a concerning issue even in the democratic era that we live in. This study explores career developmental experiences of women in senior leadership position in the civil engineering industry. The primary objective was to investigate how these professional women were managing their careers and what career experiences contributed to their ascent to the senior echelons of management. Meaning to the career experiences of these women had been given according to the self-determination theory. By means of purposive selection, seven women at senior management level were selected from both the private and public sectors in the civil engineering industry. Based on the semi-structured interviews conducted, personal documents reviewed and footnotes recorded; it was evident that there were different factors that had facilitated the ascent of these women to senior positions. Their career experiences were also characterised by challenges that subsequently instigated the development of coping strategies and methods. The study has implications for organisations in civil engineering that wish to attract and retain women from generations to come. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

The paucity of women in senior leadership positions as indicated in the Business Women Association of South Africa 2011 census corroborates that gender equality is still a concerning issue even in the democratic era that we live in. This study explores career developmental experiences of women in senior leadership position in the civil engineering industry. The primary objective was to investigate how these professional women were managing their careers and what career experiences contributed to their ascent to the senior echelons of management. Meaning to the career experiences of these women had been given according to the self-determination theory. By means of purposive selection, seven women at senior management level were selected from both the private and public sectors in the civil engineering industry. Based on the semi-structured interviews conducted, personal documents reviewed and footnotes recorded; it was evident that there were different factors that had facilitated the ascent of these women to senior positions. Their career experiences were also characterised by challenges that subsequently instigated the development of coping strategies and methods. The study has implications for organisations in civil engineering that wish to attract and retain women from generations to come. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)