Throughout its eruptive history, Mount Hood has produced compositionally similar calc-alkaline andesite as lava flows and domes near the summit and basaltic andesitic flows from flank vents. Found within the andesite are slightly more mafic inclusions that are compositionally similar to the host andesite (or host lavas); no inclusions were found in the flank lavas. Host lavas and inclusions have the following mineral assemblage: plag + opx ± cpx ± amp + oxides. Flank lava mineralogy is similar to the inclusions and host lavas, but since they are more mafic they contain olivine instead of amphibole. Average silica content among samples analyzed ranges from 57.6 to 62.7 weight percent; however the incompatible trace element composition is more variable at lower silica contents and becomes less variable at higher silica contents. In terms of incompatible trace element composition, the host lavas and inclusions are either depleted (no amp) or enriched (amp± cpx).

The purpose of this study is to investigate the origin, source characteristics, evolution petrogenesis and emplacement mechanisms of Beypazari-Oymaaga&ccedil / granitoids. These granitoids are intruded into a metamorphic basement and nonconformably overlain by Neogene clastic rocks. Field work, petrographical and geochemical studies are carried out to determine the petrologic features and tectonic setting of the granitoid body. The Beypazari-Oymaaga&ccedil / pluton is a composite pluton with its host batholith, enclaves, aplite dykes and a pegmatite. The batholith is generally composed of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase and hornblende. Field observations and petrographic investigations indicate that the host batholith has granodiorite composition and shows distinct differences in the abundances of quartz, amphibole minerals (e.g., hornblende) and of enclaves. The samples taken from TavuktaSi Tepe contain relatively less amphibole and enclaves but more quartz. Compared with them, samples from the rest of the batholith have relatively abundant amphibole, K-feldspar megacrysts, and enclaves but less quartz. Enclaves derived from magma mixing/mingling processes are dioritic in composition. Geochemical data obtained from whole rock analyses show that the pluton is shallowly emplaced and has calc-alkaline, metaluminous to peraluminous chemistry. It is characterized by enrichments in LIL and LREE, especially in K, Rb and Th. Although, there is a distinct petrographic variation in the batholith, the geochemical characteristics are uniform throughout the pluton. The Oymaaga&ccedil / Granitoids which have I-type identity are typical representatives of magmatic arc environment. The present study suggests that the possible source of magma is the upper crust and can be compared with the coeval volcanism in Galatean Volcanic Arc.

Thèse (M.A.Sc.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1984. / Une carte géologique dans une pochette. "Mémoire présenté en vue de l'obtention de la maîtrise en sciences appliquées (géologie)" CaQCU CaQCU Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Thèse (Ph.D.Geol.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1992. / Bibliogr.: f. 150-161. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

The Panzhihua intrusion is one of several large Fe-Ti oxide ore bearing intrusions related to the major flood volcanism of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP), SW China. The Panzhihua intrusion in particular has recently become the focus of numerous studies owing to the excellent exposure in large open pit mining operations. The formation of Fe-Ti oxide ore layers has been the focus of these studies and has become a somewhat controversial topic with three separate models currently proposed for ore formation. The gabbroic Panzhihua intrusion extends for ± 19 km along strike, has a maximum thickness of 3000 m and hosts extensive (up to 60 m thick) Fe-Ti oxide ore layers in the lower portions of the intrusion. The intrusion has been divided into five zones: marginal zone (MGZ), lower zone (LZ), middle zone A (MZa), middle zone b (MZb) and the upper zone (UZ). The gabbroic rocks are comprised of plagioclase, clinopyroxene and interstitial Fe-Ti oxides with minor olivine. Apatite is present within the MZb only and shows no correlation with Fe-Ti oxide ore layers. Fe-Ti oxides are present throughout the stratigraphy of the intrusion. This is unlike typical layered intrusions where significant Fe-enrichment through fractionation of Fe-poor silicate phases (i.e. plagioclase) is required before Fe-Ti oxide saturation. There are no oxide-free cumulate rocks at the Panzhihua intrusion, implying either an evolved parent magma or very high Fe content of the source rocks. I present here new mineral composition data, whole-rock major and trace element geochemistry along with whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopes and PGEs in order to constrain the evolution of the Panzhihua parent magma en route from source to chamber and the formation of Fe-Ti oxide ore layers. Furthermore an initial pilot study using O-isotope data is conducted on Ti-magnetite and plagioclase separates from gabbroic vs. ore rocks. Results are coupled with detailed thermodynamic modeling using the software PELE in order to further constrain Fe-Ti oxide ore layer formation. The intrusion is characterised by extreme depletion of PGEs relative to the coeval flood basalts and picrites. High Cu/Pd and Pd/Pt imply two separate stages of S-saturated and S-undersaturated depletion of PGEs. Pd is highly compatible in sulphide and is quickly scavenged by sulphide liquids resulting in an increase in Cu/Pd of the residual liquid. Furthermore decoupling of Pd and Pt can be achieved by either late stage hydrothermal alteration or through S-undersaturated stage of PGE depletion where Pt is scavenged by Pt-rich alloys or oxide minerals. I show that the latter is more likely. Fractionation modeling suggests that the Panzhihua parent magma formed at depth from original picritic magma. This is consistent with several other recent studies on other layered intrusions of the ELIP. Sr-Nd isotopic ratios indicate very little crustal contamination has occurred en route to the current chamber. Sr and Nd concentrations of footwall rocks are too low to produce any significant change in initial Sr and Nd isotopic ratios of the intruding basaltic magmas, indicating that crustal contamination will not be indicated by Sr-Nd isotopic ratios. Gradational change in the Sr-Nd isotope ratios across the MGZ provides strong evidence for formation in an open system by multiple replenishments of progressively less contaminated magmas from depth. Contamination is difficult to constrain but must be occurring prior to emplacement at the current level (low Sr and Nd contents of footwall). A gradational upward decrease in highly incompatible element across the MGZ can then be explained by continuous magma flow, which effectively removes the evolved intercumulus liquids from the growing cumulate pile at the base of the chamber. The initial stages of formation of the Panzhihua intrusion are interpreted to result from prolonged low volume pulses of magma into a slowly opening chamber. The timing of Fe-Ti oxide crystallisation is fundamental in the understanding of the petrogenesis of ore layers. Distinct geochemical variation in whole-rock Fe2O3/TiO2 and Zr/Nb indicates that Timagnetite is the dominant oxide within the lower ± 270 m of the intrusion whereas above this level both Ti-magnetite and ilmenite are present as cumulus phases. This is interpreted to indicate a variation in the fO2 where the lower intrusion crystallises at higher fO2 relative to that above this level. Silicates within the ore layers, in particular plagioclase, are highly embayed and resorped where in contact with Fe-Ti oxides. This characteristic of the silicate grains implies early crystallisation prior to Fe-Ti oxides with subsequent disequilibrium conditions resulting in resorption. Furthermore distinct reaction rims of kaersutite amphibole, Fo-enriched olivine, An-enriched plagioclase and pleonaste are observed. The abundance of amphibole suggests H2O involvement in this reaction and consumption of silicates. A model for parent magma crystallisation at various H2O contents indicates that plagioclase crystallisation temperature is very sensitive to H2O content of the parent magma. Plagioclase crystallises early for “dry” compositions but significantly later for “wet” compositions. Fe-Ti oxide ore layers are generally well layered, contain gabbroic xenoliths and are observed raversing/cross-cutting the cumulate stratigraphy. I present here a new model for ore layer formation in order to account for these distinct features of the ore layers. A model invoking multiple replenishments of magma with variable oxide microphenocryst content, H2O content and volume is proposed. Magma evolving in the plumbing system and fed to the Panzhihua chamber is variably enriched in H2O, which results in significantly different crystallisation paths. High H2O magmas (> 2 wt %) crystallise Fe-Ti oxides early whereas low H2O magmas (< 1 wt %) crystallise oxides late. Early pulses of H2O-poor magma crystallise a sequence of plag+cpx+Fe-Ti oxide (±ol). Later pulses of H2Orich magma subsequently intrude the partially crystallised cumulate sequence incorporating and consuming previously crystallised silicates with subsequent early crystallisation of Ti-magnetite and formation of ore layers. H2O-rich magmas likely have suspended Ti-magnetite microphenocrysts as well, which crystallise at depth in the plumbing system. This model can account for the various characteristic features of the Fe-Ti oxide ore layers at the Panzhihua intrusion as well as other Fe-Ti oxide ore bearing intrusions in the region.

Submitted by Teresa Cristina Rosenhayme (teresa.rosenhayme@cprm.gov.br) on 2017-10-17T14:25:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Marcell L. Besser.pdf: 26010964 bytes, checksum: a9834adf566ddb70c42cc10b3dc9c6b8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jéssica Gonçalves (jessica.goncalves@cprm.gov.br) on 2017-10-18T07:58:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Marcell L. Besser.pdf: 26010964 bytes, checksum: a9834adf566ddb70c42cc10b3dc9c6b8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jéssica Gonçalves (jessica.goncalves@cprm.gov.br) on 2017-10-18T08:18:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Marcell L. Besser.pdf: 26010964 bytes, checksum: a9834adf566ddb70c42cc10b3dc9c6b8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-18T08:18:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Marcell L. Besser.pdf: 26010964 bytes, checksum: a9834adf566ddb70c42cc10b3dc9c6b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Os fluxos vulcânicos ácidos da Província Magmática do Paraná no flanco norte da Calha de Torres, no planalto sul de Santa Catarina, compreendem o topo de uma sequência vulcânica cretácea de 750 m de espessura e marcada por três episódios magmáticos: (1) extensivo vulcanismo intermediário a básico; (2) vulcanismo ácido; (3) magmatismo intrusivo raso de composição básica. Os derrames sotopostos à unidade ácida são em sua predominância do tipo rubbly pahoehoe e andesitos basálticos composicionalmente semelhantes aos magmas do tipo Gramado e localmente ao tipo Esmeralda. A sucessão ácida abrange rochas do Tipo Palmas, subtipo Caxias do Sul na base e Anita Garibaldi preferencialmente no topo. As rochas ácidas se distribuem em platôs separados por lacunas erosivas. O Platô de São Joaquim (PSJ) é o objeto principal deste estudo e estende-se por 270 km², tem espessura máxima de ≅150 m e apresenta volume estimado em ≅27 km³ de dacitos. A sequência vulcânica mergulha suavemente para SW e tem a base situada a ≅1.000 m de altitude no extremo SW do platô e a ≅1.450 m na extremidade NE. A arquitetura interna das unidades vulcânicas ácidas, construídas com base em litofácies de campo e petrografia, permite a identificação de no mínimo oito mesas vulcânicas interdigitadas e por vezes sobrepostas, com espessura máxima individual de 125 m e comprimento máximo estimado em 40 km. Estas dimensões refletem altas razões de aspecto, semelhantes as de lavas basálticas. As correlações com o Grupo Etendeka seriam as seguintes: a unidade vulcânica basal do PSJ é correlacionada com a Formação Wêreldsend e pode ser classificada como do subtipo Caxias do Sul Médio. As outras unidades vulcânicas do platô são correlacionadas com a Formação Grootberg e podem ser classificadas como do subtipo Caxias do Sul Superior. As rochas do Platô de Santa Bárbara, localizado próximo à escarpa da Serra Geral, são do subtipo Caxias do Sul Superior (unidade basal) e do subtipo Anita Garibaldi (unidade do topo), sendo o último correlacionado com a Formação Beacon. A origem das rochas vulcânicas ácidas é atribuída a erupções contínuas de grandes volumes de magma em altas temperaturas que extravasaram sobre o relevo plano e que com alimentação ininterrupta de lavas criaram fluxos com alta retenção de calor, originando mesas vulcânicas muito extensas. As seguintes características são observadas nas rochas do PSJ: (1) geometria tabular das unidades vulcânicas com margens lobadas e línguas de lavas envelopadas por camadas de vidro vulcânico; (2) gradação de zonas maciças no núcleo das unidades para zonas muito amigdaloidais com geodos no topo; (3) margens das unidades limitadas por camadas de vidro vulcânico amigdaloidal com fluxo de amígdalas desviando fragmentos rochosos; (4) presença rara e localizada de brechas autoclásticas, as quais teriam sido digeridas pelo fluxo da lava de alta temperatura; (5) margens íngremes; (6) presença de cristais de plagioclásio com hábitos esqueletais; (7) orientação preferencial de fenocristais de piroxênio e plagioclásio e (8) ausência de feições piroclásticas, inclusive nas porções basais das unidades e, ausência de zonas menos ou não soldadas. Estas características corroboram a hipótese de que as rochas ácidas do PSJ são remanescentes de extensas mesas vulcânicas coalescidas. Estas mesas teriam se originado por meio de erupções de fontes fumegantes a partir de feixes de fissuras extremamente compridas pelas quais extravasavam lavas na forma efusiva ou então alimentadas localmente por aspersão.

Αντικείμενο της εργασίας είναι η αποτίμηση των φυσικών και μηχανικών παραμέτρων του βραχώδους υλικού από μερικά μαγματικά πετρώματα (δακίτης, περιδοτίτης και γρανίτης), καθώς και κάποιων μεταμορφωμένων πετρωμάτων (γνεύσιος). Η δειγματοληψία των γεωϋλικών έγινε στις περιοχές (α) Αγίων Θεοδώρων και Σχίνου Κορινθίας και (β) Πισοδερίου Φλώρινας. Στην πρώτη περιοχή πάρθηκαν μεγάλων διαστάσεων δείγματα (block samples), ενώ στη δεύτερη (Πισοδέρι) τα δείγματα προέρχονται από δειγματοληπτικές γεωτρήσεις, που έγιναν στα πλαίσια της γεωτεχνικής μελέτης θεμελίωσης ανεμογεννητριών (Αιολικό πάρκο). Από κάθε θέση δειγματοληψίας διαμορφώθηκαν, με εργαστηριακό αδαμαντοτρύπανο (απλή καροταρία), αδαμαντοτροχό και συσκευή λείανσης, σημαντικός αριθμός κυλινδρικών δοκιμίων για τον εργαστηριακό προσδιορισμό των φυσικών, δυναμικών και μηχανικών παραμέτρων του βραχώδους υλικού. Συνολικά, οι εργαστηριακές δοκιμές που εκτελέστηκαν ήταν: • Πενήντα πέντε (55) δοκιμές προσδιορισμού του πορώδους n (%), της ξερής πυκνότητας ρd (kN/m3), της κορεσμένης πυκνότητας ρsat (kN/m3), του λόγου κενών e και του δείκτη κενών Iν (%). • Είκοσι τέσσερες (24) δοκιμές προσδιορισμού της ταχύτητας διάδοσης των επιμήκων κυμάτων Vp (m/sec). • Τριάντα οκτώ (38) δοκιμές προσδιορισμού της σκληρότητας SHV με τη χρήση της σφύρας Schmidt (τύπου L). • Είκοσι τρεις (23) δοκιμές προσδιορισμού του δείκτη σημειακής φόρτισης Ιs(50) (MPa). • Επτά (7) δοκιμές προσδιορισμού της αντοχής σε μονοαξονική θλίψη σc (MPa) με σύγχρονη μέτρηση και προσδιορισμό του μέτρου ελαστικότητας (Εt) και τoυ λόγου Poisson (v). • Δέκα (10) δοκιμές προσδιορισμού της αντοχής σε τριαξονική θλίψη. Μετά την ολοκλήρωση των εργαστηριακών δοκιμών ακολούθησε στατιστική επεξεργασία των αποτελεσμάτων των παραμέτρων που προσδιορίστηκαν, με τη σχεδίαση των ιστογραμμάτων κατανομής των τιμών και την εκτίμηση των βασικών στατιστικών παραμέτρων. Επίσης, έγινε η εφαρμογή απλών στατιστικών μοντέλων συσχετισμών και διατυπώθηκαν εμπειρικές σχέσεις που περιγράφουν την αλληλεξάρτηση των διαφόρων παραμέτρων του βραχώδους υλικού για τα συγκεκριμένα πετρώματα. / The aim of this thesis is the valuation of physical and mechanical properties of the rocky material, some of igneous rocks (dacite, peridotite and granite), as well as some of metamorphic rocks (gneiss). The sampling was held in the districts of (a) Agion Theodore and Schinos Korinthos (b) Pissoderi Florina. In the first district was collected large rock samples (block samples), while in the second site (Pissoderi), the samples come from research drillings that carried out under the geotechnical research foundation of a wind farm (Wind Turbines). In every sampling site, five to six cylindrical samples were formed on average, by using laboratory core drill (laboratory karotaria), diamond drill and grinding apparatus, so as to define the physical, dynamical and mechanical properties of intact rock. More specifically the following laboratory tests were conducted:  Fifty five (55) tests for porosity, n (%), dry density, ρd (kN/m3), saturated density, ρsat (kN/m3), void ratio, e, and void index, Iν (%).  Twenty four (24) tests for sound velocity of primary waves, Vp (m/sec).  Thirty eight (38) SHV tests.  Twenty three (23) point load tests.  Seven (7) uniaxial compressive tests with determination of modulus of deformation Et (MPa) and Poisson ratio, ν.  Ten (10) triaxial tests of rock material constant mi determination. After the completion of the laboratory tests statistics, elaboration was followed of the results examined in this thesis, by designing histograms of the results and the evaluation of basic statistical parameters. Also, application of simple statistical models has become and so were formulated empirical relations, which describe the interdependence of the parameters of the rocky material for these types of rocks.

published_or_final_version / Earth Sciences / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Este trabalho descreve detalhadamente a implantação de rotinas experimentais para a determinação das atividades de 238U, 234U e 230Th pela técnica de espectrometria alfa. As melhores condições foram obtidas utilizando-se traçadores de 233U, 232U e 229Th, simulando algumas situações comumente encontradas no processamento de silicatos. A qualidade das determinações foi avaliada efetuando-se testes com os padrões geológicos brasileiros BB-1 (basalto) e GB-1 (granito). O processamento radioquímico consta das seguintes etapas: adição de traçadores radioativos e dissolução das amostras através de digestão ácida, pré-concentração de U e Th por co-precipitação, separação e purificação desses elementos por cromatografia de troca iônica e eletrodeposição em discos de aço inoxidável. Os rendimentos químicos para a determinação de urânio e tório, para ambos os padrões, são da ordem de 60% e 70%, respectivamente. Esta metodologia fornece resultados com elevados níveis de precisão (precisão relativa inferior a 4%) e de exatidão (da ordem de 1%), que são fundamentais para aplicações em estudos petrogenéticos. A espectrometria alfa, juntamente com os métodos de análise por ativação neutrônica e espectrometria gama natural, foram aplicados ao estudo do desequilíbrio radioativo nas rochas vulcânicas da Ilha da Trindade e em um fonólito de Martin Vaz. Com isso, foram determinadas as razões de atividades (234U/238U), (238U/232Th) e (230Th/232Th), como também as atividades dos nuclídeos 234Th, 214Pb, 214Bi, 235U, 228Ac, 212Pb, 212Bi e 208Tl. As análises químicas de elementos maiores e menores, obtidas por meio da técnica de fluorescência de raios X, auxiliaram na interpretação desses resultados. No estudo da série do 232Th, verificou-se que a condição de equilíbrio radioativo foi atingida, indicando que o sistema permaneceu fechado para todos os seus membros nos últimos 40 anos. As rochas mais antigas da ilha (Complexo Trindade e Seqüência Desejado) encontram-se em equilíbrio radioativo secular na série do 238U, conforme esperado. Por outro lado, os resultados da análise das rochas pertencentes aos três últimos episódios vulcânicos (Formação Morro Vermelho, Formação Valado e Vulcão do Paredão) ocorridos em Trindade, mostram que a série do 238U encontra-se em desequilíbrio radioativo entre 230Th e 238U. Além disso, as únicas 3 amostras da Formação Morro Vermelho analisadas por espectrometria gama mostraram desequilíbrio entre 226Ra e 238U. As determinações das razões de atividades (238U/232Th) e (230Th/232Th) permitiram estimar a idade da Formação Morro Vermelho em cerca de 140.000 anos. No caso de Martin Vaz, uma única amostra disponível (fonólito peralcalino) mostrou um forte desequilíbrio entre 226Ra e 238U, o qual foi interpretado como resultante de uma perda substancial de Ra, ocorrida no intervalo de 8.000 e 40 anos atrás. / This work describes the implementation of experimental procedures for alpha spectrometry measurement of 238U, 234U and 230Th activities in silicates. The best experimental conditions were defined using 233U, 232U and 229Th radioactive tracers and simulating the usual conditions found in processing silicates. The chemical procedures consists of the following steps: radioactive tracer addition and sample dissolution by acid digestion, U and Th pre-concentration by co-precipitation, element separation and purification by ion exchange chromatography and electrodeposition in inox steel disks. In order to evaluate its effectiveness, the procedure was applied to the Brazilian geological standards BB-1 (basalt) and GB-1 (granite). The obtained chemical yields for uranium and thorium are of about 60% and 70%, respectively, for both matrices. The described methodology furnishes activity measurements with less than 4% relative precisions and accuracies of about 1%, that are essential for petrogenetic applications. The 238U and 232Th series disequilibrium conditions were investigated by alpha spectrometry, together with neutron activation analysis and natural gamma-ray spectrometry. 234U/238U, 238U/232Th and 230Th/232Th activity ratios and the 234Th, 214Pb, 214Bi, 235U, 228Ac, 212Pb, 212Bi and 208Tl specific activities were obtained. These results were interpreted with the help of additional constraints given by the larger and smaller elements concentrations, measured by X-ray fluorescence. The 232Th series is in secular radioactive equilibrium in all analysed samples. In the case of the 238U series, the equilibrium condition was verified, as expected, in the oldest rocks from the Trindade Island (Trindade Complex and Desejado Sequence). On the other hand, the results show that, in the samples from the last three volcanic episodes in the island (Morro Vermelho Formation, Valado Formation and Vulcão do Paredão), the 230Th and 238U are not in equilibrium. Furthermore the three Morro Vermelho Formation samples analysed by gamma spectrometry showed the disequilibrium between 226Ra and 238U. The obtained (238U/232Th) and (230Th/232Th) activity ratios allowed to estimate a 140,000 y age for the Morro Vermelho Formation. In the case of the Martin Vaz sample (peralkaline phonolite) a strong disequilibrium between 226Ra and 238U was observed, suggesting a substantial loss of 226Ra between 8,000 y and 40 y ago.

Este trabalho descreve detalhadamente a implantação de rotinas experimentais para a determinação das atividades de 238U, 234U e 230Th pela técnica de espectrometria alfa. As melhores condições foram obtidas utilizando-se traçadores de 233U, 232U e 229Th, simulando algumas situações comumente encontradas no processamento de silicatos. A qualidade das determinações foi avaliada efetuando-se testes com os padrões geológicos brasileiros BB-1 (basalto) e GB-1 (granito). O processamento radioquímico consta das seguintes etapas: adição de traçadores radioativos e dissolução das amostras através de digestão ácida, pré-concentração de U e Th por co-precipitação, separação e purificação desses elementos por cromatografia de troca iônica e eletrodeposição em discos de aço inoxidável. Os rendimentos químicos para a determinação de urânio e tório, para ambos os padrões, são da ordem de 60% e 70%, respectivamente. Esta metodologia fornece resultados com elevados níveis de precisão (precisão relativa inferior a 4%) e de exatidão (da ordem de 1%), que são fundamentais para aplicações em estudos petrogenéticos. A espectrometria alfa, juntamente com os métodos de análise por ativação neutrônica e espectrometria gama natural, foram aplicados ao estudo do desequilíbrio radioativo nas rochas vulcânicas da Ilha da Trindade e em um fonólito de Martin Vaz. Com isso, foram determinadas as razões de atividades (234U/238U), (238U/232Th) e (230Th/232Th), como também as atividades dos nuclídeos 234Th, 214Pb, 214Bi, 235U, 228Ac, 212Pb, 212Bi e 208Tl. As análises químicas de elementos maiores e menores, obtidas por meio da técnica de fluorescência de raios X, auxiliaram na interpretação desses resultados. No estudo da série do 232Th, verificou-se que a condição de equilíbrio radioativo foi atingida, indicando que o sistema permaneceu fechado para todos os seus membros nos últimos 40 anos. As rochas mais antigas da ilha (Complexo Trindade e Seqüência Desejado) encontram-se em equilíbrio radioativo secular na série do 238U, conforme esperado. Por outro lado, os resultados da análise das rochas pertencentes aos três últimos episódios vulcânicos (Formação Morro Vermelho, Formação Valado e Vulcão do Paredão) ocorridos em Trindade, mostram que a série do 238U encontra-se em desequilíbrio radioativo entre 230Th e 238U. Além disso, as únicas 3 amostras da Formação Morro Vermelho analisadas por espectrometria gama mostraram desequilíbrio entre 226Ra e 238U. As determinações das razões de atividades (238U/232Th) e (230Th/232Th) permitiram estimar a idade da Formação Morro Vermelho em cerca de 140.000 anos. No caso de Martin Vaz, uma única amostra disponível (fonólito peralcalino) mostrou um forte desequilíbrio entre 226Ra e 238U, o qual foi interpretado como resultante de uma perda substancial de Ra, ocorrida no intervalo de 8.000 e 40 anos atrás. / This work describes the implementation of experimental procedures for alpha spectrometry measurement of 238U, 234U and 230Th activities in silicates. The best experimental conditions were defined using 233U, 232U and 229Th radioactive tracers and simulating the usual conditions found in processing silicates. The chemical procedures consists of the following steps: radioactive tracer addition and sample dissolution by acid digestion, U and Th pre-concentration by co-precipitation, element separation and purification by ion exchange chromatography and electrodeposition in inox steel disks. In order to evaluate its effectiveness, the procedure was applied to the Brazilian geological standards BB-1 (basalt) and GB-1 (granite). The obtained chemical yields for uranium and thorium are of about 60% and 70%, respectively, for both matrices. The described methodology furnishes activity measurements with less than 4% relative precisions and accuracies of about 1%, that are essential for petrogenetic applications. The 238U and 232Th series disequilibrium conditions were investigated by alpha spectrometry, together with neutron activation analysis and natural gamma-ray spectrometry. 234U/238U, 238U/232Th and 230Th/232Th activity ratios and the 234Th, 214Pb, 214Bi, 235U, 228Ac, 212Pb, 212Bi and 208Tl specific activities were obtained. These results were interpreted with the help of additional constraints given by the larger and smaller elements concentrations, measured by X-ray fluorescence. The 232Th series is in secular radioactive equilibrium in all analysed samples. In the case of the 238U series, the equilibrium condition was verified, as expected, in the oldest rocks from the Trindade Island (Trindade Complex and Desejado Sequence). On the other hand, the results show that, in the samples from the last three volcanic episodes in the island (Morro Vermelho Formation, Valado Formation and Vulcão do Paredão), the 230Th and 238U are not in equilibrium. Furthermore the three Morro Vermelho Formation samples analysed by gamma spectrometry showed the disequilibrium between 226Ra and 238U. The obtained (238U/232Th) and (230Th/232Th) activity ratios allowed to estimate a 140,000 y age for the Morro Vermelho Formation. In the case of the Martin Vaz sample (peralkaline phonolite) a strong disequilibrium between 226Ra and 238U was observed, suggesting a substantial loss of 226Ra between 8,000 y and 40 y ago.