Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Huang, Shengyang. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-108). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Lic.-avh. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2006. / Härtill 3 uppsatser.

by Young Lee Kei, Ricky. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 205-207). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Statement of Originality --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.iii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Anatomy of liver --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Anatomical Implications --- p.16 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Background / Chapter 2.1 --- Common focal hepatic lesions --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2 --- Imaging techniques --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3 --- Characterization by sonography --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4 --- Color Power Angiography --- p.38 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Hypothesis & Aims / Chapter 3.1 --- Hypothesis --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2 --- Aims & Objectives --- p.45 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Material and Methods / Chapter 4.1 --- Materials --- p.47 / Chapter 4.2 --- Mode of confirmation --- p.52 / Chapter 4.3 --- Final number of subjects recruited --- p.54 / Chapter 4.4 --- Method for obtaining CD and CPA image --- p.58 / Chapter 4.5 --- Method for image analysis --- p.61 / Chapter 4.6 --- Statistical analysis --- p.68 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Results / Chapter 5.1 --- Qualitative CD and CPA images assessment --- p.70 / Chapter 5.2 --- Interobserver qualitative analysis --- p.78 / Chapter 5.3 --- Spectral analysis --- p.84 / Chapter 5.4 --- Semi-quantitative signal parameters --- p.87 / Chapter 5.5 --- Dominance of quantified signals --- p.91 / Chapter 5.6 --- Distribution of signals in various lesions (graphical presentation) --- p.97 / Chapter 5.7 --- Penetrating vessel --- p.103 / Chapter 5.8 --- Relationship between size of lesion and quantified signal parameters --- p.104 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Discussion / Chapter 6.1 --- Study Review --- p.109 / Chapter 6.2 --- Methods of quantitation --- p.110 / Chapter 6.3 --- Value of quantitation --- p.111 / Chapter 6.4 --- Instrumentation --- p.112 / Chapter 6.5 --- Subjects --- p.114 / Chapter 6.6 --- Image analysis --- p.115 / Chapter 6.7 --- Results --- p.117 / Chapter 6.8 --- Relationship between size and amount of signals --- p.131 / Chapter 6.9 --- Differentiation of focal hepatic lesions --- p.132 / Chapter 6.10 --- Origin of CPA signals in small hyperechoic lesions --- p.144 / Chapter 6.11 --- Limitations of CPA in focal hepatic lesion imaging --- p.146 / Chapter 6.12 --- Comparison with similar studies --- p.151 / Chapter 6.13 --- Validation of quantitation results --- p.158 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusions --- p.159 / References --- p.162 / Legends --- p.176 / Tables --- p.186 / Glossary of abbreviations --- p.193 / Selected publications relevant to thesis --- p.197 / Appendix --- p.198 / Bibliography --- p.205

Tai, Chi Kin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-59). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.7 / Chapter 2 --- Theoretical Background --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1 --- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Nuclear spin and macroscopic magnetization --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Precession and Larmor Frequency --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Radio-frequency excitation --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Radio-frequency relaxation --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Spin echoes --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- Contrast mechanisms --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2 --- Magnetic Resonance Imaging --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- MRI machine hardware --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Slice selection --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Frequency encoding --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Phase encoding --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Pulse sequences --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Field of view and resolution --- p.28 / Chapter 3 --- Parallel Magnetic Resonance Imaging --- p.30 / Chapter 3.1 --- Motivation --- p.30 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Aliasing --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2 --- Coil array and coil sensitivities --- p.32 / Chapter 3.3 --- Sensitivity encoding --- p.32 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Estimation of coil sensitivities --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- SENSE reconstruction --- p.33 / Chapter 3.4 --- pMRI reconstruction by TV regularization --- p.35 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Model for coil images --- p.35 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Total variation-regularization approach --- p.36 / Chapter 4 --- Reconstruction Results --- p.39 / Chapter 4.1 --- Simulation --- p.39 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Reconstruction quality --- p.41 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Reconstruction results --- p.43 / Chapter 4.2 --- MRI phantom experiments --- p.44 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Reconstruction quality --- p.48 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Reconstruction results --- p.49 / Chapter 4.3 --- In-vivo MRI images --- p.51 / Chapter 5 --- Discussions and Conclusions --- p.54 / Bibliography --- p.56

Poisoning is common and carries considerable morbidity and mortality. Two to three patients are admitted to the Emergency Unit at Groote Schuur Hospital every day with drug overdose. As absorption occurs in the small intestine the rates at which ingested poisons pass into and through the small bowel are important factors in determining the amount of poison potentially available for absorption. Although the effects of pharmacological doses of many drugs on gastric emptying and motility are known, information on the effects of higher doses is limited. I investigated patients who took overdoses of certain commonly used drugs to determine their effects on gastric emptying and motility and small intestinal transit. The study was divided into two parts. One hundred and four patients were studied in Part 1. These patients took overdoses of tricyclic antidepressants (n = 31), carbamazepine (n = 15), phenytoin (n = 12), paracetamol (n = 29) and opioid-paracetamol mixtures (n = 17). They received standard hospital management of which sorbitol was not a part. Part 2 consisted of sixty-one patients who had sorbitol added to their treatment. These patients had taken overdoses of the tricyclic antidepressants (n = 15), carbamazepine (n = 7), phenytoin (n = 8), paracetamol (n = 13) and opioid-paracetamol mixtures (n = 18). The effects of sorbitol on gastric emptying and small intestinal transit were evaluated. A third study-the paracetamol control test was done on 5 healthy volunteers. Each subject was studied twice; the first time after taking 1 G of paracetamol and the second time after no drug ingestion.

Title: Degenerative changes in the cervical spine with a focus on the intervertebral disc prolapse and its verification using imaging methods and 3D model Objectives: The aim of this work is to describe the problems of degenerative changes in the cervical spine with a focus on the intervertebral disc prolapse. The second part deals with the possibility of imaging methods that are able to detect pathological processes. Part of this work is the study of three cases of patients with a diagnosis of disc herniation. In conclusion, there are some possibilities of 3D modeling of the cervical spine. Methods: The theoretical part is based on the available literature. Images from MRI were obtained from medical facilities in Prague, described and assessed by a specialist. After studying the functions suitable graphical programs were created 3D models of the cervical spine. Results: Degenerative changes in the cervical spine naturally come from the aging of the organism, but a number of modifiable factors accelerating the onset. Among such factors include especially hypokinesia and unilateral overloading of cervical spine. Modern imaging techniques can in detail detect these pathological processes, but are limited by the patient's position during the investigation. The resulting series of images are used as...

As doenças cardiovasculares permanecem como principal causa de mortalidade entre mulheres de vários países, entre eles, o Brasil. A doença arterial coronária ocorre duas a três vezes mais nas mulheres na pós-menopausa que na pré-menopausa, fato possivelmente explicado pela proteção estrogênica. A estratificação de risco pelos escores tradicionais, como o de Framingham, muitas vezes, apresenta-se falha, havendo constante busca por métodos auxiliares (clínicos, laboratoriais ou de imagem) que ajudem na identificação precoce das mulheres mais predispostas a apresentar um evento cardiovascular. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência da aterosclerose subclínica em mulheres na pós-menopausa com risco baixo e intermediário pelo escore de risco de Framingham (ERF), avaliando, nas artérias coronárias, o escore de cálcio, na aorta, a presença de calcificação e, nas artérias carótidas, a espessura mediointimal (EMI), a presença de placas ateroscleróticas e a rigidez arterial pela velocidade de onda de pulso (VOP). Os objetivos secundários foram: 1. Avaliar a EMI e presença de placas na artéria subclávia direita, identificando sua correlação com dados clínicos e laboratoriais; e 2. Avaliar associação entre a expressão do mRNA dos genes TNFA, IL6, NOS3 e ESR1 com a presença de aterosclerose subclínica. Foram incluídas 138 mulheres na pós-menopausa. A idade média foi de 56,15 ± 4,93 anos, tempo médio de pós-menopausa foi 8,25 ± 5,97 anos, idade na menopausa, 48,08 ± 5,17 anos e o ERF foi de 2,64 ± 2,13% (mediana: 2%). A prevalência da EMI carotídea aumentada, placas nas carótidas, presença de EMI e/ou placas carotídeas, escore de cálcio maior que zero, calcificação aórtica (CA) e VOP elevada foi de 45,7%, 37,7%, 62,3%, 23,9%, 45,7% e 25,4% respectivamente; e 18,8% não apresentaram alteração em nenhum sítio avaliado. A presença de aterosclerose subclínica (presença de, pelo menos, um exame de imagem alterado) relacionou-se de forma independente com a idade (OR: 1,144; IC95%: 1,032 - 1,369; p=0,011), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) (OR: 1,041; IC95%: 1,003 - 1,081; p=0,034) e ApoA1 (OR: 0,973; IC95%: 0,952-0,994; p=0,011). Os exames de imagem relacionaram-se entre si, com dados clínicos e laboratoriais. A prevalência de placas na artéria subclávia direita foi 38,4%. A EMI e a presença de placas na artéria subclávia direita relacionaram-se com a EMI e placas de carótidas, VOP, idade, ERF e PAS. A EMI da artéria subclávia relacionou-se também com a CA. A maior expressão mRNA do TNFA e do IL6 relacionou-se com a presença de aterosclerose subclínica, EMI carotídea aumentada e dislipidemia. Maior expressão do IL6 relacionou-se com a VOP. Houve correlação entre expressão do mRNA do NOS3 e EMI carotídea (r=0,20; p=0,01). Concluímos que a prevalência da aterosclerose subclínica foi de 81,2% nas mulheres na pós-menopausa com risco baixo e intermediário (ERF). A EMI e a presença de placas ateroscleróticas na artéria subclávia direita relacionaram-se com valores mais elevados da idade, ERF e PAS. Houve associação entre maior expressão do mRNA dos genes TNFA e IL6 com a presença de aterosclerose subclínica. A expressão do mRNA do gene NOS3 correlacionou-se positivamente com a EMI carotídea. / Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of mortality among women in several countries, including Brazil. Coronary artery disease in women occurs two to three times more after menopause than in premenopausal and can be explained by estrogen protection. Risk stratification by traditional scores such as Framingham score, often presents itself fails; there is a constant search for methods (clinical, laboratory or imaging) that could help in early identification of women that are more predisposed to suffer a cardiovascular event. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with low and intermediate risk by Framingham risk score (FRS), evaluating calcium score in the coronaries arteries, presence of aortic calcification, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and/or presence of atherosclerotic plaque and arterial stiffness by pulse wave velocity (PWV). Other objectives were: 1. Evaluate the IMT and the presence of plaques in right subclavian artery, identifying its correlation with clinical and laboratory data. 2. Evaluate the association between mRNA expression of TNFA, IL6, NOS3 and ESR1 genes with the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis. We analyzed 138 postmenopausal women. The mean age was 56,15 ± 4,93 years, time of postmenopausal was 8,25 ± 5,97 years, age at menopause, 48,08 ± 5,17 years and the ERF was 2,64 ± 2,13 (median: 2). The prevalence of increased carotid IMT, carotid plaques, the presence of IMT and/or carotid plaques, calcium score greater than zero, aortic calcification (AC) and elevated PWV was 45,7%, 37,7%, 62,3%, 23,9%, 45,7% and 25,4%, respectively, 18,8 % did not exhibit any evidence of subclinical atherosclerosis. The presence of subclinical atherosclerosis (presence of at least one positive imaging test) was related by logistic regression with age (OR: 1,144, 95% CI: 1,032 to 1,369, p = 0,011), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (OR: 1,041, 95% CI: 1,003 to 1,081, p = 0,034) and ApoA1 (OR: 0,973, 95% CI: 0,952 to 0,994, p = 0,011). Imaging tests were related with each other, with clinical and laboratory data. The prevalence of plaques in the right subclavian artery was 38.4%. The IMT and presence of plaques in the right subclavian artery were related to carotid IMT and plaques, PWV, age, FRS and SBP. Higher values of TNFA and IL6 mRNA expression were related to the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia and increased carotid IMT. Higher IL6 mRNA expression was related to PWV. There was correlation between mRNA expression of NOS3 and carotid IMT (r = 0,20; p = 0,01). We conclude that the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with low and intermediate risk was 81.2% (FRS). IMT and right subclavian artery atherosclerotic plaques were related to higher values of age, ERF and SBP. Higher mRNA gene expression of TNFA and IL6 were associated with the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis. There was a positive correlation between mRNA gene expression of NOS3 and carotid IMT.

In the brain mapping case, the geodesic closest points are used as the anatomical constraints for the inter-subject non-rigid registration. The method uses the anatomical constraint in the non-rigid registration which is much more reasonable for the anatomical correspondence. The registration result shows significant improvement comparing with the iterative closest points based method. / In the third application, we use the non-rigid registration method to register the different sweeps of freehand ultrasound images. We setup a 3D freehand ultrasound imaging system to capture images of a human anatomy such as liver, prostate, brain tumor and fetus. The arbitrary scanned image slices are reconstructed and resliced into volumetric dataset. We use a B-spline based non-rigid registration method to compounding different freehand ultrasound sweeps. This technique can be used to make 3D ultrasound models of fetus and other organs. / Medical image registration is an active research area during the last two decades. The registration technique can be widely used in the applications of the computer aided surgery, brain mapping and pathological detection and analysis. With the development of the computing power, fast and accurate registration techniques have been developed into necessary tools for quantitative analysis of the medical image. / Non-rigid registration methods can be used in atlas based image segmentation, inter-subject brain image registration and 3D freehand ultrasound modeling. In one of our proposed novel segmentation methods, we interleave the segmentation and the registration processes by using the segmentation to provide the anatomical constraints for registration to improve the atlas based non-rigid registration. This updated registration can be used to improve the new segmentation. This process is repeated until a good result in segmentation is obtained. / The registration methods can be classified into rigid and non-rigid registrations according to whether the anatomy is locally deformed or not. According to the sensor by which the images are taken, the registration will be divided into mono-modal and multi-modal image registration. Since the invention of the medical imaging devices, great diversity of medical imaging sensors have been developed with different physical principles. In practice we have to face the problem of multi-modal registration. In medical image analysis, we often have to consider the images of the human anatomy with deformable characteristics. In order to achieve this goal we need to use the voxel based registration method which considers all of the voxel information of the images in matching. There are several non-rigid registration approaches. However, the variational approach of non-rigid registration can represent the registration problem into a well-posed problem with a well-founded mathematical base. In our work, we considered the forward and backward deformation functions and proposed a variational approach for a new consistent multi-modal non-rigid registration method. By this way, we will find the forward and backward transform to be close to the inverse of each other. This makes the correspondence between two images more consistent and accurate. We use both explicit and implicit difference method to solve the Euler-Lagrange equation and the results show significant improvements in the transformation inverse consistency. Although variational approach for multi-modal non-rigid registration can solve the non-rigid registration problem well, generally speaking, it is slow. The displacement of each voxel has to be calculated and the iteration time is very long since the number of the unknowns are large. Although a multi-resolution strategy can be used to speed up, the registration problem is still slow when registering large medical datasets. The 3D B-spline based method has been used as an efficient method to register medical images since only a small number of control points are used to manipulate the local deformation field. In our work, we developed a 3D B-spline based consistent multi-modal non-rigid registration method with an explicit representation of derivatives. The conventional optimization methods can be used to find the optimal parameters. We use a hierarchical B-spline refinement method to approximate the deformation function from larger to smaller scale. Since the derivatives of the cost function is represented in an explicit way, the computing is reduced. It is more efficient than directly computing the derivative of the cost function by using a numerical evaluation method. The method can be considered as a multi-grid method for solving the consistent variational registration problem. The computing speed is increased by several times. The B-spline based method needs far less iterations to converge as its number of unknowns is small. / Zhang Zhijun. / "October 2005." / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-11, Section: B, page: 6645. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-233). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Sy, Ming Yiu. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-100). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.1 / Acknowledgments --- p.5 / List of figures --- p.9 / List of tables --- p.13 / List of abbreviations --- p.14 / List of publications and awards --- p.15 / Awards --- p.16 / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.17 / Chapter 1.1 --- Terahertz radiation --- p.18 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Terahertz sources --- p.19 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Terahertz systems --- p.20 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Reflection and Transmission geometries --- p.21 / Chapter 1.2 --- Terahertz biomedical applications --- p.24 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Biomolecules --- p.24 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- THz biomedical imaging --- p.25 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- THz Spectroscopy --- p.26 / Chapter 1.3 --- Objectives --- p.26 / Chapter 1.4 --- Structure of this thesis --- p.26 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Theory and experimental system --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1 --- Theory --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Propagation of electromagnetic field through dielectric media --- p.29 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- A de-noising method --- p.32 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Baseline calculation --- p.34 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Frequency-dependent Refractive Index and Absorption Coefficient.. --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2 --- Experimental Configuration --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Terahertz generation and detection --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Configuration of our system --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Hand-held TPI Setup --- p.46 / Chapter 2.3 --- Data Structure --- p.48 / Chapter 2.4 --- Pre-processing and the user interface --- p.49 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Data pre-processing 1 (Chopping) --- p.49 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Data pre-processing 2 (Angle selection) --- p.50 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- The user interface for the data processing --- p.52 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Ex-v/vo experiment: investigating the origin of contrast --- p.54 / Chapter 3.1 --- Liver Cirrhosis --- p.54 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Liver --- p.54 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Liver cirrhosis --- p.54 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- The trend of liver cirrhosis --- p.56 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Technique for diagnosing liver cirrhosis --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2 --- Experiment protocol --- p.58 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Formalin fixing --- p.58 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Sample preparation --- p.58 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Formalin fixing protocol --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Histopathology --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Protocol for measuring sample water content --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results and discussion --- p.62 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Optical parameters of the fresh and fixed samples --- p.62 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Consistency with previous results --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- The relationship between water content and optical parameters --- p.64 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Conclusion --- p.68 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- In-vivo experiment: imaging of human skin --- p.69 / Chapter 4.1 --- Human skin --- p.69 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- The structure of human skin --- p.69 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Skin thickness --- p.70 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- The structure and regeneration of stratum corneum --- p.70 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Stratum corneum related Skin disease --- p.72 / Chapter 4.2 --- Combing reflections of electromagnetic wave --- p.73 / Chapter 4.3 --- Experiment protocol --- p.74 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- THz response of human skin --- p.74 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Protocol for measuring human skin --- p.75 / Chapter 4.4 --- Results and discussion --- p.76 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- The variation due to the position --- p.76 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- The variation due to the temperature and humidity --- p.78 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Discussion --- p.79 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Noise evaluation --- p.80 / Chapter 5.1 --- The main noise source --- p.80 / Chapter 5.2 --- SNR and DR --- p.80 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Signal to noise ratio (SNR) --- p.80 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Dynamic range (DR) --- p.81 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- SNRVS DR --- p.82 / Chapter 5.3 --- Simulation of noise impact on the complex refractive index --- p.83 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Methodology --- p.83 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- SNR: Simulation results and discussions --- p.85 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- DR: Simulation results and discussions --- p.87 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Conclusion --- p.89 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion and future work --- p.90 / Chapter 6.1 --- Conclusion --- p.90 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- A summary of Terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) techniques --- p.90 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Our system and calculations --- p.90 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Terahertz spectroscopy of liver cirrhosis: investigating the origin of contrast --- p.91 / Chapter 6.1.4 --- In-v/vo study: skin measurement --- p.91 / Chapter 6.1.5 --- SNR sensitivity --- p.92 / Chapter 6.2 --- Suggestions for future work --- p.92 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Algorithms --- p.92 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Understanding the origin of contrast --- p.93 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Application in cardiovascular diagnosing imaging --- p.93 / Chapter 6.3 --- Concluding remarks --- p.94 / References --- p.95