Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:53:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RooseveltBSF.pdf: 738768 bytes, checksum: 1b44c9904337b95af5a512f4d87db232 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-24 / This work consists in a study of the Shrimp Industry in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, whose central issue relates to the understanding of how the Triple Helix (University, Government and the productive sector) interrelationship limits or expands the industry s innovation process. The study aims to understand how the Triple Helix relationship interferes in the innovation process of shrimp in Rio Grande do Norte. As the knowledge becomes the resource key for production methods, the generation of new technologies, new products and processes which demands joint and integrated action of the institutions comprising the Triple Helix: University, Government and productive sector, which possess the essential resources to innovate the process and can be maximized from cooperative relationships between the referred Institutions. Thus, in this work, it was sharply used the pioneering studies of Sabato and Botana (1968) regarding the cooperation relationship between the scientific-technological sphere, the governmental and the productive base, and studies on the Triple Helix approach, proposed by Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff (2000), in which the university has a key role in the process of technological and innovative development of countries and regions, and under which it is assigned to the very University - the character of the entrepreneurial institution, through the concept of entrepreneurial University. Aiming to overcome the criticism of Cooke (2005), regarding the limitations of the Triple Helix approach, in this study it was used - as analytical perspectives - the perspective of social immersion (Granovetter, 1985, 2005) and the theory of resources dependence (PFEFFER; SALANCIK, 1978). The analytical perspectives presented in here, despite of the different assumptions, are essential to eliminate the bias that one only approach can lead (ASTLEY; VAN DE VEM; 2007). The authors arguments focus on the fact that the integration is possible if the researcher acknowledged that different perspectives may have different descriptions of the same phenomenon. As a research strategy, this study is characterized as a study case, along with the proposed objectives - the qualitative method was used as an approach and, depending on the gathering of the sector s historical, a sectional longitudinal view approach was applied (VIEIRA, 2004). The primary and secondary data were used in order to understand the sector s evolutionary process and its inter-institutional relations - regarding the shrimp culture in Rio Grande do Norte - to promote the development, as the content was used for the technical analysis (BARDIN, 1977). The approach of social immersion and resources addiction dependence made it possible to understand that relationships are established within and between each sphere (university, government and productive sector) characterizing a network of low density relationships and strongly internal and external dependence. Based on the speech of Etzkowitz and Mello (2006), a successful Triple Helix strategy of innovation requires not only the involvement and commitment of the parts, within the institutional sphere and among them, but also the development of mechanisms to coordinate the multiple and complex interactions and interfaces, focusing on promoting both environment and context for innovation and learning; it can be acknowledge from study results that the shrimp in the State of the RN, although there are several institutional mechanisms to promote greater integration and technological development, has been presented disjointed - both internally and between the spheres - and under no legitimate practice when facing the innovational promotion and integration institutions. Due to those factors, the central institutions of the network are crucial to the promotion of innovations, spreading through their direct contacts the importance factor of the sustainable competitive activity in the world market and on the national level. However, it may be concluded, from the data, that the Triple Helix relations are interfering in a negative way on what concerns the promotion of innovations in the shrimp industry in RN / Este trabalho consiste em um estudo no setor carcinicultor do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, cuja quest?o central est? na compreens?o de como as rela??es inter-atores da Tr?plice H?lice (universidade, governo e setor produtivo) limitam ou ampliam o processo de inova??o no setor. O estudo tem como objetivo central compreender como as rela??es da Tr?plice H?lice interferem no processo de inova??o da carcinicultura norteriograndense. Na medida em que o conhecimento passa a ser o recurso essencial para os m?todos de produ??o, a gera??o de novas tecnologias, de novos produtos e novos processos demanda a a??o integrada e conjunta de atores que comp?em as esferas institucionais da Tr?plice H?lice: universidade, governo e setor produtivo; sob os quais residem os recursos essenciais para o processo de inova??o e podem ser maximizados a partir de rela??es cooperativas entre os atores. Para tanto, utilizou-se os estudos pioneiros de S?bato e Botana (1968) quanto a rela??o de coopera??o entre a esfera cient?fico-tecnol?gica, o governo e a base produtiva, e os estudos acerca da abordagem da Tr?plice H?lice, proposta por Etzkowitz e Leydesdorff (2000), na qual a universidade passa a ter um papel fundamental no processo do desenvolvimento tecnol?gico e inovativo de pa?ses e regi?es, e sob a qual lhe ? atribu?da o car?ter de institui??o empreendedora, atrav?s do conceito da universidade empreendedora. Como forma de superar as cr?ticas de Cooke (2005), quanto as limita??es da abordagem da Tr?plice H?lice, utilizou-se como perspectivas anal?ticas neste estudo a perspectiva da imers?o social (GRANOVETTER, 1985; 2005) e a teoria da depend?ncia de recursos (PFEFFER; SALANCIK, 1978). As perspectivas anal?ticas apresentadas neste estudo apesar de terem pressupostos diferentes s?o essenciais para que se possa eliminar os vieses que uma abordagem s? pode conduzir (ASTLEY; VAN DE VEM (2007). O argumento dos autores ? que a integra??o ? poss?vel se o pesquisador reconhecer que as diferentes perspectivas podem apresentar descri??es diferentes sobre um mesmo fen?meno. Como estrat?gia de pesquisa, este estudo se caracteriza como um estudo de caso, em conson?ncia com os objetivos propostos, utilizou-se como abordagem o m?todo qualitativo, e em fun??o do resgate dos marcos hist?rico do setor, utilizou-se uma abordagem seccional com perspectiva longitudinal (VIEIRA, 2004). Os dados prim?rios e secund?rios foram utilizados de forma a compreender o processo evolutivo do setor, bem como as rela??es inter-atores na carcinicultura do Rio Grande do Norte para a promo??o do desenvolvimento. Como t?cnica de an?lise, utilizou-se a de conte?do (BARDIN, 1977). A abordagem da Imers?o social e da Depend?ncia de Recursos permitiu compreender que as rela??es que se estabelecem dentro e entre cada esfera (universidade, governo e setor produtivo) caracterizam a rede com relacionamentos de baixa densidade e com uma forte rela??o de depend?ncia tanto internamente como externamente. Tomando por base o argumento de Mello e Etzkowitz (2006) de que o sucesso de uma estrat?gia de Tr?plice H?lice de inova??o necessita de envolvimento e compromisso dos atores dentro de cada esfera institucional e entre elas, como tamb?m do desenvolvimento de mecanismos para a coordena??o das m?ltiplas e complexas intera??es e interfaces para a promo??o de um ambiente e um contexto para a inova??o e aprendizagem, conclui-se a partir dos resultados apresentados que a carcinicultura do Estado do RN, apesar de possuir v?rios mecanismos institucionais para promover maior integra??o e o desenvolvimento tecnol?gico, tem se apresentado desarticulado tanto internamente quanto entre as esferas, e com pr?ticas nem sempre legitimadas perante atores por parte das institui??es de promo??o de inova??es e de integra??o. Dessa forma, os atores centrais da rede s?o cruciais para que a promo??o de inova??es, difundindo atrav?s dos contatos diretos a import?ncia do fator para a sustentabilidade competitiva da atividade no mercado mundial e nacional. Contudo, pode-se concluir a partir dos dados que as rela??es da Tr?plice H?lice vem interferindo de maneira negativa na promo??o de inova??es na carcinicultura do RN

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:53:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoQC.pdf: 657702 bytes, checksum: e3ca2527141ad9609b4cdf030e534656 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-24 / The current study analyzes the birth and development of two strategic alliances established between shrimp producers in Rio Grande do Norte: the Unipesca and the Coopercam. To achieve this aim, two approaches which, at first sight, could be considered contradictory were used: the Transactional Costs Economy and Embeddedness. The first approach is fundamentally based in the studies of Williamson (1985; 1991; 1996; 1999; 2000; 2002). Embededness, on the other hand, went through the review of a series of authors, such as Burt (1992), Granovetter (1973; 1985), Uzzi (1997), Gulati (1994; 1995; 1997; 1998; 1999; 2000), Nielsen (2005), Ring (2002), Ring and Van de Ven (1994), Zafirovski (2002), among others. To analyze the birth and development of the cooperatives in this study, Gulati s work (1998) was used. This study shows the steps to be studied for a better comprehension of an alliance: the decision of starting an alliance and the choice of the partners, the decision about the governance structure, the evolution of the alliance and the development of the companies which established this partnership. To carry this study out, a study case accordingly to Yin s proposal (2001) was adopted. Semi-structured interviews with pre-defined plots were conducted in two phases: in the beginning of 2006 and in the beginning of 2007. The subjects from the research were, in 2006, representative members of the main associations and corporations, besides the shrimp producers from the state, when the context of the activity was set. In the second phase, in 2007, representative members from the two cooperatives that were listed above were interviewed the president from Coopercam and the marketing manager from Unipesca. Besides these two members, directors from two important organizations in each of these cooperatives were also interviewed, giving out the necessary information for the research. Secondary data was also collected from the Brazilian Association of Crab producers website, as well as from news from important newspapers in RN, such as Tribuna do Norte. The primary data was analyzed in terms of quality, accordingly to the documental analysis technique. Thus, through the data that was collected, it can be concluded that the reasons that motivated the companies to cooperate can be explained in terms of the transactional costs economy. However, the choice of partners is more connected to aspects approached by the social embededness. When aspects related to development and evolution were analyzed, it could be seen that both aspects from TCE and Embededness were vital to explain the development of the cooperatives mentioned / O presente estudo faz uma an?lise sobre a forma??o e o desenvolvimento de duas alian?as estrat?gicas formadas entre produtores de camar?o no Rio Grande do Norte: a Unipesca e a Coopercam. Utilizou-se de duas abordagens que, a princ?pio, poderiam ser consideradas contradit?rias: a Economia dos Custos de Transa??o e a Imers?o Social. A primeira abordagem se baseia fundamentalmente nos estudos de Williamson (1985; 1991; 1996; 1999; 2000; 2002). A Imers?o Social, por sua vez, passou pela revis?o de uma s?rie de autores, tais como Burt (1992), Granovetter (1973; 1985), Uzzi (1997), Gulati (1994; 1995; 1997; 1998; 1999; 2000), Nielsen (2005), Ring (2002), Ring e Van de Ven (1994), Zafirovski (2002), dentre outros. Para a an?lise da forma??o e do desenvolvimento das cooperativas em estudo, utilizou-se o trabalho de Gulati (1998), que aponta os passos a serem estudados para a compreens?o de uma alian?a: a decis?o de entrar e a escolha dos parceiros, a decis?o sobre a estrutura de governan?a, a evolu??o da alian?a e o desempenho das firmas que estabeleceram essa parceria. Para realiza??o do estudo adotou-se o estudo de caso conforme proposi??o de Yin (2001). Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com roteiros pr?-determinados, em duas fases: no in?cio de 2006 e no in?cio de 2007. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram, em 2006, representantes das principais associa??es e cooperativas, al?m de produtores de camar?o do estado, quando se realizou a contextualiza??o da atividade. Na segunda fase, em 2007, foram entrevistados os representantes das duas cooperativas em quest?o, sendo o presidente, no caso da Coopercam, e o gerente comercial, no caso da Unipesca. Al?m destes, tamb?m foram entrevistados dirigentes de duas organiza??es de grande relev?ncia em cada uma dessas cooperativas, tendo, estes entrevistados fornecido as informa??es necess?rias ? pesquisa. Tamb?m foram coletados dados secund?rios no site da ABCC, al?m de reportagens em jornais de grande circula??o no estado, como Tribuna do Norte. Os dados prim?rios foram analisados segundo a t?cnica de an?lise de conte?do proposta por Bardin (1977). No que se refere aos dados secund?rios, estes foram analisados qualitativamente segundo a t?cnica de an?lise documental (BARDIN, 1977; SILVERMAN, 1995). Assim, atrav?s dos dados coletados, p?de-se concluir que as raz?es que motivaram as firmas a cooperarem passam por quest?es abordadas pela Economia dos Custos de Transa??o. No entanto, a escolha dos parceiros passou muito mais por quest?es abordadas pela imers?o social. Quando analisados quest?es relativas ? evolu??o e o desempenho, verificou-se que aspectos tanto da ECT quanto da Imers?o Social foram centrais para explicar o desenvolvimento das cooperativas em quest?o