O presente trabalho objetiva estudar as normas que regulamentam o patrimônio cultural imaterial, no Brasil, criado, desenvolvido, preservado e detido por comunidades tradicionais identificáveis, a fim de verificar se essas comunidades possuem direitos, especialmente direitos morais relacionados a suas criações coletivas. Para alcançar tal objetivo o trabalho buscou responder a três questionamentos, apresentados na Introdução, quais sejam: Há proteção ao patrimônio cultural imaterial detido por comunidades tradicionais, conferindo direitos a estas ou suas manifestações pertencem ao domínio público? O patrimônio cultural imaterial é objeto de direito de autor? Existem direitos morais no patrimônio cultural imaterial? Com o intuito de responder a estes questionamentos foram analisadas as normas existentes no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro aplicáveis à regulação do patrimônio cultural imaterial, bem como realizou-se interpretação sistemática e conforme das mesmas aos termos da Constituição Federal, de forma a compreender o conteúdo destas normas, bem como a extensão dos direitos garantidos. Por fim, foram analisados casos práticos, projeto de lei e lei modelo que permitiram a construção de proposta legislativa para regular o tema. Como principais conclusões, o trabalho pode responder aos questionamentos inicialmente apresentados de forma a constatar que existe proteção ao patrimônio cultural imaterial detido por comunidades e povos tradicionais identificáveis e que a Constituição Federal garante direitos a estes titulares, criadores e mantenedores de manifestações culturais, não se tratando, portanto, de patrimônio sujeito ao domínio público. Ainda, concluiu-se que o patrimônio cultural imaterial não é objeto do direito de autor por não se enquadrar em nenhuma das modalidades de obra reguladas pela Lei de Direitos Autorais. Contudo, verificou-se que há uma lacuna legislativa no tocante à regulamentação do patrimônio cultural imaterial detido por comunidades identificáveis e que para suprir tal omissão a analogia pode ser utilizada. Desta forma, considerando que tanto o patrimônio cultural imaterial, como o direito de autor buscam tutelar as obras produzidas a partir da criação de seu autor e que ambos possuem natureza jurídica de direito fundamental, conclui-se que os direitos morais de autor podem, por analogia, ser aplicados à tutela das comunidades e povos tradicionais criadores de manifestações culturais, ao menos até que haja legislação específica e sui generis para regular os direitos daqueles que criam e conservam patrimônio cultural imaterial. / This work aims mainly at the study of the Brazilian legislation applicable to the immaterial cultural heritage created, developed, preserved and held by traditional communities, that can be identified, with the purpose of verifying if those traditional communities hold rights, specially moral rights related to their collective creations. In order to achieve its purpose, this work answered the following main questions, presented on its Introduction Chapter: Is there any protection to immaterial cultural heritage held by traditional communities, granting them rights over it or their traditional expressions belong to public domain? Can the immaterial cultural heritage be ruled by copyright legal framework? Are there moral rights related to immaterial cultural heritage? In order to answer those questions the Brazilian legal framework related to immaterial cultural heritage were analyzed and interpreted as a system pursuant to Brazilian Federal Constitution with the view of understanding the exact content of such rules and the extension of the rights granted. Finally, some cases were also analyzed, as well as law drafts and model-law, which allowed the construction of a proposition to regulate the rights related to immaterial cultural heritage. As main conclusions of such work, it is possible to answer the three questions previously presented, considering that exists legal protection to immaterial cultural heritage held by traditional communities and that Federal Constitution grants certain rights to traditional communities that hold, create and maintain cultural expressions, which shall not be considered public domain. Also it is possible to conclude that immaterial cultural heritage in not the object of copyright law and since there is an omission on Brazilian legal framework applicable to immaterial cultural heritage held by identifiable traditional communities, analogy can be used to fulfill such omission. Therefore, considering that immaterial cultural heritage as well as copyrights intend to protect the creation developed by its author and that both shall be considered as fundamental right, regarding its nature, it is possible to conclude that moral rights shall also be applied to protect traditional communities rights over their cultural expression, at least until a specific sui generis legislation is developed to protect the rights belonging to communities that create and develop immaterial cultural heritage.

O presente trabalho objetiva estudar as normas que regulamentam o patrimônio cultural imaterial, no Brasil, criado, desenvolvido, preservado e detido por comunidades tradicionais identificáveis, a fim de verificar se essas comunidades possuem direitos, especialmente direitos morais relacionados a suas criações coletivas. Para alcançar tal objetivo o trabalho buscou responder a três questionamentos, apresentados na Introdução, quais sejam: Há proteção ao patrimônio cultural imaterial detido por comunidades tradicionais, conferindo direitos a estas ou suas manifestações pertencem ao domínio público? O patrimônio cultural imaterial é objeto de direito de autor? Existem direitos morais no patrimônio cultural imaterial? Com o intuito de responder a estes questionamentos foram analisadas as normas existentes no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro aplicáveis à regulação do patrimônio cultural imaterial, bem como realizou-se interpretação sistemática e conforme das mesmas aos termos da Constituição Federal, de forma a compreender o conteúdo destas normas, bem como a extensão dos direitos garantidos. Por fim, foram analisados casos práticos, projeto de lei e lei modelo que permitiram a construção de proposta legislativa para regular o tema. Como principais conclusões, o trabalho pode responder aos questionamentos inicialmente apresentados de forma a constatar que existe proteção ao patrimônio cultural imaterial detido por comunidades e povos tradicionais identificáveis e que a Constituição Federal garante direitos a estes titulares, criadores e mantenedores de manifestações culturais, não se tratando, portanto, de patrimônio sujeito ao domínio público. Ainda, concluiu-se que o patrimônio cultural imaterial não é objeto do direito de autor por não se enquadrar em nenhuma das modalidades de obra reguladas pela Lei de Direitos Autorais. Contudo, verificou-se que há uma lacuna legislativa no tocante à regulamentação do patrimônio cultural imaterial detido por comunidades identificáveis e que para suprir tal omissão a analogia pode ser utilizada. Desta forma, considerando que tanto o patrimônio cultural imaterial, como o direito de autor buscam tutelar as obras produzidas a partir da criação de seu autor e que ambos possuem natureza jurídica de direito fundamental, conclui-se que os direitos morais de autor podem, por analogia, ser aplicados à tutela das comunidades e povos tradicionais criadores de manifestações culturais, ao menos até que haja legislação específica e sui generis para regular os direitos daqueles que criam e conservam patrimônio cultural imaterial. / This work aims mainly at the study of the Brazilian legislation applicable to the immaterial cultural heritage created, developed, preserved and held by traditional communities, that can be identified, with the purpose of verifying if those traditional communities hold rights, specially moral rights related to their collective creations. In order to achieve its purpose, this work answered the following main questions, presented on its Introduction Chapter: Is there any protection to immaterial cultural heritage held by traditional communities, granting them rights over it or their traditional expressions belong to public domain? Can the immaterial cultural heritage be ruled by copyright legal framework? Are there moral rights related to immaterial cultural heritage? In order to answer those questions the Brazilian legal framework related to immaterial cultural heritage were analyzed and interpreted as a system pursuant to Brazilian Federal Constitution with the view of understanding the exact content of such rules and the extension of the rights granted. Finally, some cases were also analyzed, as well as law drafts and model-law, which allowed the construction of a proposition to regulate the rights related to immaterial cultural heritage. As main conclusions of such work, it is possible to answer the three questions previously presented, considering that exists legal protection to immaterial cultural heritage held by traditional communities and that Federal Constitution grants certain rights to traditional communities that hold, create and maintain cultural expressions, which shall not be considered public domain. Also it is possible to conclude that immaterial cultural heritage in not the object of copyright law and since there is an omission on Brazilian legal framework applicable to immaterial cultural heritage held by identifiable traditional communities, analogy can be used to fulfill such omission. Therefore, considering that immaterial cultural heritage as well as copyrights intend to protect the creation developed by its author and that both shall be considered as fundamental right, regarding its nature, it is possible to conclude that moral rights shall also be applied to protect traditional communities rights over their cultural expression, at least until a specific sui generis legislation is developed to protect the rights belonging to communities that create and develop immaterial cultural heritage.

La vannerie en Bretagne n’avait pas à ce jour fait l’objet d’un travail d’ensemble. Elle y présente des singularités techniques et une grande diversité de types. Toutes les familles de vannerie sont présentes sur la zone d’étude. Les types définis « en matériaux élastiques » (bourdaine, osier, châtaignier) sont pour la première fois décrits dans leur ensemble et mis en perspective. Lors de la recherche, un corpus de plus d’une centaine d’objets, vanneries et outils, a été réuni. Le travail met en évidence l’existence de vanneries natives dont le périmètre géographique et des hypothèses quant à leur dynamique de diffusion ont été définis. Dans le cadre de cette étude, il a été élaboré un modèle classificatoire à vocation universelle prenant en compte la relation qu’entretient le fabricant avec le matériau. Le mode d’expertise s’est appuyé sur les doubles compétences techniques et universitaires de l’auteur. Des prolégomènes permettent de faire un point épistémologique et précisent les différentes traditions classificatoires de ce domaine technique. Par ailleurs, dans une démarche interdisciplinaire, les cartographies produites peuvent contribuer à la connaissance et la délimitation d’aires culturelles. Une présentation des matériaux utilisés dans cette région est détaillée en annexe. Elle met en exergue l’importance de la bourdaine dont l’usage régresse au profit de l’osier. / Basketry in Brittany has never been the prior subject of comprehensive study. Breton basketry exhibits both unique techniques and a great diversity of forms. Every family of basketry technique is represented within the study area. The types defined as “made of flexible materials” (buckthorn, wicker, chestnut) are for the first time here described in their entirety and put into perspective. In the course of research, a corpus of more than 100 objects, baskets and tools, was assembled. This study records the existence of native basket weaving traditions, for which the geographical boundaries are described, and hypotheses about the dynamics for their diffusion are defined. In the course of this study, a classification model has been developed for universal application, taking into account the relation of the basket weaver to the material. The author of this thesis draws on his double expertise as a craftsman and an academic researcher. The prolegomena permit epistemological synthesis and specify the different classification schools in this technical domain. Additionally, in interdisciplinary inquiry, the maps contribute to the recognition and the boundary definition of cultural exchange areas. A presentation of materials used in basketry in this region is detailed in the annex. It highlights the importance of the use of buckthorn, which has regressed, while the use of wicker has proportionally risen.

La langue et la culture occitanes figurent désormais en bonne place dans les programmes de développement culturel des espaces organisés que représentent les parcs naturels régionaux et les pays, au sud du Territoire. Des initiatives sont prises pour la sauvegarde et la valorisation de ce qui constitue la mémoire vivante d'une culture populaire traditionnelle ;elles bénéficient pour leur mise en oeuvre de nouveaux dispositifs règlementaires et financiers en provenance de Départements, de Régions comme de certains programmes européens. Dans un même temps, le patrimoine culturel, matériel comme immatériel, a été mondialement reconnu comme l'un des axes majeurs du développement durable par les Institutions internationales qui préconisent sa valorisation en tant que marqueur identitaire porteur de lien social. C'est à ces différents égards et à partir d'une approche systémique de textes fondateurs internationaux, de programmes européens, de politiques de collectivités territoriales, de chartes et programmes opérationnels de parcs naturels régionaux et de pays, d'animations culturelles sur le terrain et de réseaux d'acteurs locaux, que la thèse Développement local et culture occitane analyse les partenariats en place avec leur dynamique et leurs faiblesses. --- Ainsi se dessine la draille occitane du développement local. / The Occitan language and culture now play an important part in the cultural development programmes of organized public areas, such as a regional natural park and rural districts, in the South of France. Many initiatives have been taken for the protection and valorization of the living memory of a traditional popular culture ; their implementation may benefit from news regulatory and financial measures from the Departments, Regions as well as from European programmes. At the same time, the (material as well as immaterial) heritage has been acknowledged as a major axis of sustainable development by International Institutions ; indeed, they recommend its valorization as an ident marker that facilitates social cohesion.--- From this point of view and through a systemic review of the international founding texts, European programmes, policies of the local authorities, charters and action plans of regional natural parks, cultural events and netwworks of local actors, the thesis, Local development and Occitan culture, analises the forces and weakness of the established parternships, and declineates the Occitan imprint on the local development.