Orientador: Luciane Dias de Oliveira / Co-orientadora : Mariella Vieira Pereira Leão / Banca: Ana Paula Candido Santos / Banca: Michelle Cardoso de Sousa / Banca: Graziella Nuernberg Back Brito / Banca: Estela Kaminagakura Tango / Resumo: Muitos produtos probióticos são compostos pela associação de lactobacilos no intuito de potencializar seu efeito benéfico. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a imunomodulação e atividade anti-Candida causada por diferentes combinações de suspensões probióticas em macrófagos e em Galleria mellonella. Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR), L. acidophilus (LA), e L. paracasei (LP) foram suspendidos para obtenção das suspensões LR, LA, LP, LR+LA, LR+LP, LA+LP e LR+LA+LP. Foram utilizadas suspensões de Candida albicans (CA) ATCC 18804, C. krusei (CK) ATCC 6258 e C. glabrata (CG) ATCC 9030. Macrófagos de camundongo (RAW 264.7) foram ativados por cada suspensão de lactobacilos e desafiados por cada uma das cepas fúngicas. Foram investigadas taxa de fagocitose, produção de citocinas e óxido nítrico e a viabilidade celular. A melhor suspensão probiótica para cada cepa fúngica seria usada nos testes in vivo, com G. mellonella, no entanto, devido à baixa virulência das espécies não-albicans, os testes in vivo prosseguiram com CA e LR. Duas cepas clínicas de CA foram acrescentadas: 21 e 60. Suspensões de LR foram injetadas na hemolinfa das larvas 24 h antes do desafio com as cepas fúngicas. Foram determinadas curva de sobrevivência, contagem de UFC/mL das cepas de C. albicans e de hemócitos. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente de acordo com a distribuição normal (ANOVA e Tukey ou Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn) e a curva de sobrevivência pelo teste de Log-rank (Mantel-Cox), p<0,05. As ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Many probiotic products are composed by association of lactobacilli in order to potentiate their beneficial effect. Therefore, the objective of this study was evaluating the immunomodulation and anti-Candida activity caused by different combinations of probiotic suspensions in macrophages and in Galleria mellonella. Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR), L. acidophilus (LA) and L. paracasei (LP) were suspended to obtain the suspensions LR, LA, LP, LR + LA, LR + LP, LA + LP and LR + LA + LP. Suspensions of Candida albicans (CA) ATCC 18804, C. krusei (CK) ATCC 6258 and C. glabrata (CG) ATCC 9030 were used. Mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) were activated by each suspension of lactobacilli and then challenged by each fungal strain. Phagocytosis, cytokine and nitric oxide production and cell viability were investigated. The best lacobacilli suspension for each fungal strain would be used in the in vivo assays with G. mellonella, however, because of low virulence of the non-albicans species, in vivo tests were performed with CA and LR. Two clinical strains of CA were added: 21 and 60. LR suspensions were injected into the haemolymph of the larvae 24 h before challenging with fungal strains. Survival curve, CA strains CFU/mL counting and hemocytes were determined. The results were statistically analyzed according to their normal distribution (ANOVA and Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn) and the survival curve by Log-rank test (MantelCox), p <0.05. The best suspensions for CA, CK and CG were LR (which obtained the best results in the cytokine profile), LP and LA (which obtained the best results on phagocytosis), respectively. In G. mellonella, LR suspension increased percentage survival and hemocyte counting and decreased CFU/mL counting in all groups, with statistically significant differences in the results. Thus, it can be concluded that the suspensions of lactobacilli have ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor

Thesis (M.Sc.). / Written for the Dept. of Human Genetics. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2009/07/02). Includes bibliographical references.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet, 2009. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Orientador: Alexandrina Sartori / Resumo: A vitamina D (VitD) ativa possui várias funções importantes incluindo efeitos imunomoduladores na imunidade inata e na específica. A deficiência desta vitamina já alcançou proporções epidêmicas em várias regiões e por isto sua suplementação tem sido sugerida em algumas doenças. Diferentes linhagens de camundongos têm sido utilizadas para avaliar os efeitos imunomoduladores da VitD. O estudo dos efeitos da deficiência e da suplementação com VitD tem sido realizado em seres humanos e também em linhagens isogênicas de camundongos. Neste trabalho comparamos o efeito da suplementação com 0,1 µg de VitD e de paricalcitol nas linhagens murinas C57BL/6 e DBA/1J. Estes animais foram injetados com 0,1 µg de VitD ou paricalcitol durante 15 dias, em dias alternados. O peso corporal foi avaliado diariamente e sangue e baço foram coletados 24 horas após a última dose. Na linhagem C57BL/6 a VitD diminuiu o peso corporal e aumentou a concentração de cálcio sérico. Em relação aos parâmetros imunológicos, houve diminuição da produção de citocinas por células esplênicas e maior expressão de MHC II nas células dendríticas. O paricalcitol não afetou o peso corporal e o nível de cálcio sérico, mas diminuiu a produção de citocinas nesta linhagem. Com exceção do peso corporal que diminuiu, os demais parâmetros não foram afetados pela VitD ou pelo paricalcitol nos camundongos DBA/1J. A suplementação com 0,2 µg de VitD nos animais DBA/1J desencadeou a diminuição de peso corporal, queda na produção de ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed on June 26, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

<p>UVOD: Glavni problem u lečenju karcinoma dojke je kako na osnovu kliničke klasifikacije i morfolo&scaron;kih osobina tumora predvideti njegovo dalje pona&scaron;anje. Vrlo često ni kombinacija standardnih prognostičkih faktora ne daje odgovor o potrebi davanja adjuvantne hemioterapije. U cilju sprovođenja adekvatne dalje terapije karcinoma dojke i otkrivanja agresivnih tipova tumora, a nakon hirur&scaron;kog lečenja, postoji stalna potreba za pronalaženjem novih pokazatelja pomoću kojih bi se identifikovale bolesnice koje imaju povećan rizik od razvoja relapsa bolesti. CILJEVI: Ciljevi su bili da se utvrdi prisustvo, lokalizacija i distribucija tumor infiltri&scaron;ućih limfocita, kako ukupnih, tako i CD4+ i CD8+ T limfocita u tumoru dojke, njihova povezanost sa standardnim prognostičkim parametrima, kao i njihov prognostički značaj tj. razlike u nivou infiltracije limfocita u tumoru u odnosu na pojavu relapsa bolesti i dužinu preživljavanja. METOD: Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 120 bolesnica sa invazivnim duktalnim karcinomom, sa tumorom lokalizovanim samo u dojci, bez zahvatanja kože i grudnog mi&scaron;ića, sa veličinom tumora do 5 cm, bez udaljenih visceralnih i ko&scaron;tanih metastaza, koje su operisane u Institutu za onkologiju Vojvodine. U istraživanje su uključene bolesnice bez metastaza u limfnim čvorovima pazu&scaron;ne jame i bolesnice sa metastazama u limfnim čvorovima pazu&scaron;ne jame. Istraživanjem nisu obuhvaćene bolesnice koje su primale neoadjuvantnu (preoperativnu) hemioterapiju, kao ni bolesnice sa multifokalnim i multicentričnim tumorima. REZULTATI: Gust limfocitni infiltrat uočen je u 14% tumora dojke, umeren limfocitni infiltrat uočen je u 38%, a oskudan u 43% tumora dojke. Limfocitni infiltrat nije uočen u 5% tumora. Gust infiltrat CD4+ limfocita uočen je u 8% tumora dojke, umeren u 44%, a oskudan u 43% tumora dojke. CD4+ limfociti nisu uočeni u 5% tumora. Gust infiltrat CD8+ limfocita uočen je u 1% tumora dojke, umeren u 23%, a oskudan u 66% tumora dojke. CD8+ limfociti nisu uočeni u 10% tumora. Utvrđena je pozitivna povezanost između nivoa TIL-a i CD4+ limfocita i veličine tumora, histolo&scaron;kog stepena diferentovanosti tumora, prisustva metastaza u limfnim čvorovima pazu&scaron;ne jame, HER-2 statusa, tripl negativnog tumora i relapsa bolesti. Utvrđena je negativna povezanost između nivoa TIL-a i CD4+ limfocita i estrogen i progesteron receptora, kao i godina starosti. Utvrđena je pozitivna povezanost između nivoa CD8+ limfocita i histolo&scaron;kog gradusa tumora, kao i HER-2 statusa. Utvrđena je negativna povezanost između nivoa CD8+ limfocita i estrogen i progesteron receptora, kao i godina starosti. ZAKLJUČAK:Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju povezanost tumor infiltri&scaron;ućih limfocita i CD4+ limfocita sa brojnim negativnim prognostičkim faktorima, te kraćim vremenom slobodnog intervala bez bolesti, &scaron;to sve ukazuje na to da su tumor infiltri&scaron;ući limfociti kao i CD4+ limfociti lo&scaron; prognostički faktor kod bolesnica sa rakom dojke.</p> / <p>INTRODUCTION: The main problem in the treatment of breast cancer that based on clinical classification and morphological characteristics of the tumor to predict its future behavior. Very often, not a combination of standard prognostic factors does not answer the need of giving adjuvant chemotherapy. In order to implement adequate further treatment of breast cancer and detection aggressive types of tumor, after surgical treatment, there is a constant need to find new indicators by which we can identify patients who have an increased risk of relapse. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to determine the presence, localization and distribution of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, in total, as well as CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in breast cancer, their correlation with standard prognostic parameters, as well as their prognostic value i.e. differences in the level of infiltration of lymphocytes in a tumor in relation to the occurrence of disease relapse and survival. METHOD: The study included 120 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma, tumor localized only in the breast without involvement of the skin and pectoral muscle, the size of tumors up to 5 cm without distant visceral and bone metastases, which are operated at the Institute of Oncology. The study included patients without metastases in axillary lymph nodes and patients with metastases in axillary lymph nodes. The research not covered by patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, or patients with multifocal and multicentric tumors. RESULTS: The high amount of lymphocytic infiltrate was observed in the 14% a breast tumor, a moderate amount of lymphocytic infiltrate was observed in 38%, and the low in 43% breast tumors. Lymphocytic infiltrate was not observed in 5% of the tumor. High CD4+ lymphocyte infiltration was observed in 8% of breast, moderate in 44%, and the low in 43% of breast tumors. CD4+ lymphocytes were not observed in 5% tumors. High infiltration of CD8+ lymphocytes was observed in 1% of breast, moderate in 23%, and the low 66% breast tumors. CD8+ lymphocytes have not been observed in 10% tumors. There is a positive correlation between the level of TIL and CD4+ lymphocytes and tumor size, histological grade of tumor differentiation, presence of metastases in axillary lymph nodes, HER-2 status, triple negative tumors and relapses of disease. There was a negative correlation between the level of TIL and CD4+ cell counts and estrogen and progesterone receptors, as well as age. There is a positive correlation between the level of CD8+ cells and histological grade of the tumor, and HER-2 status. There was a negative correlation between the level of CD8+ lymphocytes and estrogen and progesterone receptors, as well as age. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate the association between tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and CD4+ lymphocytes with a number of negative prognostic factors, and shorter free interval without the disease, all of which indicates that the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and CD4+ lymphocytes bad prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer.</p>