Invasive alien species are recognized as a major problem worldwide. They affect native flora and fauna negatively, resulting in loss of biodiversity and increased economic costs of the species’ themselves and management efforts. One of the most widely distributed invasive plant species – the Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) – is inflicting damage to native plants in Sweden by overshadowing due to its tall stature and capacity to increase population numbers quickly over long distances. The purpose of this study was to examine the distribution of Himalayan balsam in urban versus rural areas in south, central, and northern Sweden. Five land cover classes were also compared to investigate potential differences in where Himalayan balsam is frequently observed. Species observations from Species Observation System (Artportalen by SLU Swedish Species Information Centre) were combined with land cover data from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency to assess the distribution of Himalayan balsam over different cover classes. The results showed no significant differences for urban versus rural areas nor latitude, but some of the land cover classes were significantly different from one another. Himalayan balsam observations in forests on wetlands are significantly more reported compared to all other classes, and exploited lands and open lands had more reported observations than forests outside wetlands. Observations by the public are often characterised by opportunistic reporting behaviour, ultimately leading to bias in which species are reported. In conclusion, this study tested means to assess the distribution of Himalayan balsam among land cover classes and its results are consistent with other studies showing Himalayan balsam favours in moist habitats over other land cover classes. / Invasiva främmande arter ses som ett stort hot runt om i världen. Inhemsk flora och fauna blir kontinuerligt negativt påverkad av invasiva arter vilket resulterar i förlust av biodiversitet och ökade ekonomiska kostnader. En av de mest utspridda invasiva växtarterna – jättebalsamin (Impatiens glandulifera) – skadar inhemska växtarter i Sverige genom att överskugga dem samt skapa stora bestånd genom sin kapacitet att spridas långa distanser. Denna studies syfte var att undersöka jättebalsaminens utbredning i stads- och lantliga miljöer, samt geografiska områden i södra, centrala och nordliga delar av Sverige. Fem marktäckeskategorier undersöktes också för att se potentiella skillnader på habitat där jättebalsamin har rapporterats befinnas sig. Data från Artportalen (SLU Artdatabanken) användes i kombination med marktäckesdata från Naturvårdsverket. Studiens resultat fann inga signifikanta skillnader mellan stadsmiljöer och lantliga miljöer. Inga signifikanta skillnader kunde hittas för geografiska områden i södra, centrala och nordliga Sverige. Studien fann däremot signifikanta skillnader i rapporterade observationer bland marktäckesklasserna där skogar på våtmarker hade fler observationer per km2 jämfört med skogar utanför våtmarker, exploaterade marker och öppna marker. Observationer från allmänheten är ofta präglad av opportunistiska beteenden gällande rapporteringar, vilket kan leda till partiska data där vissa arter rapporteras medan andra ignoreras. Sammanfattningsvis testade denna studie utbredningen av jättebalsamin på marktäckesklasser och var förenlig med tidigare studier som visar att jättebalsamin är vanligare förekommande i fuktiga habitat jämfört med andra marktäckesklasser.

Investigations were carried out into the allelopathic potential of the invasive alien annual Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens glandulifera Royle) using a series of bioassays, including ones developed or adapted for this study. They were evaluated for their suitability to detect three of the four main modes of allelochemical release, namely leaching, exudation and decomposition. Assays which involved the measurement of lettuce radicles and hypocotyls gave reliable results and allowed a range of different Impatiens material, both living and dead, to be assessed and ranked according to the allelopathic effects demonstrated. Attempts were made to isolate resource competition from allelopathy using separately grown but connected donor and receiver plants and a density dependent design where single I. glandulifera plants were grown in pots with variable numbers of receiver plants. Results proved inconclusive. Initial experiments showed that the allelopathic potential of I. glandulifera varied according to the organ from which the material was derived. Pods, leaves and stems produced the greatest inhibition of lettuce seedlings. Effects on germination were not significant at most of the concentrations tested. Live roots of I. glandulifera plants produced pronounced orange staining of the agar into which they were placed and showed clear evidence of distance dependent inhibition of lettuce radicles. Effects were limited to growth rather than germination of the test plants. Germinating I. glandulifera seeds caused a significant inhibition of lettuce radicle elongation when the two species were grown together in an agar medium. The inhibitory effects increased significantly with increasing exposure time. Increasing I. glandulifera seedling number also produced significant reductions in lettuce radicle length. Dormant seeds, by contrast, stimulated growth. Dead seeds did not produce significant changes to the growth of the test plants. When rhizosphere soil was gathered from pot grown I. glandulifera plants, the results were mixed. Initial samples inhibited growth, whereas those collected from dying plants over a period of weeks stimulated growth. Further experimentation is required before the indications of allelopathic interactions demonstrated here can be applied to the behaviour of wild populations of I. glandulifera.

No description available.

Impatiens glandulifera is an invasive species throughout Europe. It was introduced to the wild in 1918 by escape from private gardens as well as the transport of garden soil and waste. Impatiens glandulifera prefers moist soils with moderate shade and commonly grows in riparian environments. In the Umeå municipality in northern Sweden, where this study is focused, the number of Himalayan balsam observations has dramatically increased over the last few years. This study aimed to determine habitat and anthropogenic land-use factors that may have contributed to the spread of Himalayan balsam in the Umeå municipality. This was done by using data on recorded observations of the species in a database called Artportalen. In order to determine how abundant and in which habitats Himalayan balsam occurs in the Umeå municipality, data on recorded observations in Artportalen from the Umeå municipality region for the period 01-01-2021 to 31-12-2021 was used along with maps from Google Earth Pro and Google maps. It was found that Himalayan balsam is now common in the region and does not show a definitive preference for riparian habitats or for forest or open areas in the Umeå municipality. Human activities seemed to be the main contributor to the spread of Himalayan balsam in the Umeå municipality.

Invasive spread of neophyte Impatiens glandulifera in central Europe started approximatelly eighty years ago. First records of dense cover stands come from belt stands in riparian habitats. The scale of invaded habitats and degree of the dominance of I. glandulifera is more diversified nowadays. This thesis is objected on the dominance and fertility of I. glandulifera within different habitat types and scale of invaded habitats in different parts of invaded range within Europe (i. e. in Czech Republic and Switzerland). The results show that the height and cover (substitutes for biomass and dominance) of this neophyte (i) correlates with the character of invaded vegetation (ii) relates to the degree of hemeroby (a measure of human impact) negativelly, and (iii), of course, both the growth and dominance are positively affected by nutrient content. Fertility does not differ among the types of invaded habitats, but goes up with the height of I. glandulifera and decreases with its cover. Invaded habitats comprises ruderal and riparian vegetation, but also wet maedows, forest clearances, beach and slope forests or weed vegetation.

The aim of the study was to study the invasion ecology and the to study the invasion of two species of the genus Impatiens, namely I. glandulifera and I. parviflora. I then chose the right bank of the Želivka river in the Czech-Bohemian highlands to study and survey the plant association and population of two mentioned species. Consequently I focused my study on the river biotope and the role of invasive species in it. Further I have worked up a research summary on the ecology of the invasion and the role of the above mentioned species in the riparian biotopes.

Three of Impatiens species are widespread in the Czech republic, one is native, two of them invasive. Because all species occur in relatively similar habitats, the question is, whether the invasive species can negatively affect the native species, or even the original can can be displaced. The aim of the thesis was: (i) to compare habitat requirments of the Impatiens species, (ii) to determine if the coexistence of species is possible, (iii) to assess the impact of invasive species to the original species. The investigation was carried out using two sets of permanent plots in 5 localities. In the first set with a total of 84 plots (combinations of occurrence of the three species) site characteristics as tree cover, soil humidity, slope and bare land cover were directly measured and nutrient, light, humidity and soil reaction characteristic assessed using Ellenberg indicator values. The second set contained a total of 45 plots with one of the native-invasive congener pair being removed and the intact controls. Number, cover and height of the plants were assesed. The key enviromental factors determining distribution of the species were soil moisture for I. noli-tangere and I. parviflora, and tree cover for I. glandulifera and I. parviflora. Ellenberg indicator values had poor explanation value;...