Mastitic milk was detected by obtaining conductance measurements using an impedance microbiology Bactometer® 120 SC instruments. Conductance readings taken after 30 min at 25'C separated normal and abnormal milks when readings differed by more than 3% from the variance among instrument module wells. Samples blended from four quarters of a cow indicated milk from one quarter was abnormal if the salt level in the abnormal quarter raised the blend conductivity above that of normal samples and variance among the wells. Either solid or liquid substrates that contained bacterial stimulants could be used to accelerate bacterial acid production or to reduce impedance detection times, each without adversely affecting the ability to detect abnormal milk. However, measurements with liquid substrates varied with the volume of sample in the well. Results suggested that a fixed volume of one ml be used. Such a volume would allow simultaneous detection of abnormal milk and bacterial load on the same sample.

This era has been termed the atomic or space age. The greatest concern of most people seems to be centered around survival from the destruction and suffering that might be caused by atomic and nuclear weapons. However, along with this, the world is confronted with perhaps a greater disaster--a potential calamity seldom realized by most people, yet a problem which grows more serious in the world each year--a tragedy which would probably be worse than destruction from nuclear weapons. This encroaching catastrophe is starvation. Even today the majority of the people in the world do not have enough food. Each year the acreage of fertile, productive land decreases because of expanding populations, misuse and the extinsive cropping of many years. As time proceeds, agriculturalists will be required to produce more food with less land resources. Undoubtedly, agricultural scientists will be confronted with greater challenges. Many of these problems will require extensive "basic" research. Now, while food in America is plentiful, seems the proper time to perform this basic research and prepare for the challenges that are going to come. Since much of the world land area is semi-arid, the limiting factor in food production is water. There is an urgent need to use irrigation water more efficiently. In order to do this, more basic information concerning water-growth relations in the soil-plant-atmosphere system is needed. Water movement in the plant element of the system is perhaps the least understood. This classical problem has been extensively studied, yet many important problems still exist. The knowledge in many areas is a scarce and contradictory. Basic research and investigation must be continued. this investigation was a plant-water relations study with the purpose of obtaining basic knowledge about the processes and phenomena involved in water transport through plants. The location and magnitude of the resistance to water flow in plants and the effect of temperature on water movement in plant tissue were the two aspects of water flow investigated. Other more minor subjects of study included: (a) water transport and the effect of mechanical suction, and (b) the correlation of water movement in plants with various measurements of plant response.

The ionosphere is the atmosphere layer characterized by its high concentration of ionized plasma. It has a great impact on radio communications with satellites, causing disturbances and disruptions. Therefore, it is important to understand and predict the ionosphere characteristics. The Sweeping Impedance Probe (SIP) is an instrument for characterizing the ionosphere used for many decades with great success. In this thesis, a new SIP architecture design is presented using the latest techniques and components available. The design is detailed and analyses have been performed to ensure the required performances. The new SIP will be flown in the Auroral Spatial Structures Probe (ASSP) sounding rocket mission in early 2015, and it is expected it will make the most accurate measurements to date. Lastly, the conclusions of this project are presented and future work is outlined for what will become the next generation of SIP instruments.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第12958号 / 論医博第2100号 / 新制||医||1011(附属図書館) / 32357 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 三嶋 理晃, 教授 三森 経世, 教授 浅野 雅秀 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第20580号 / 工博第4360号 / 新制||工||1678(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科物質エネルギー化学専攻 / (主査)教授 安部 武志, 教授 阿部 竜, 教授 作花 哲夫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第20921号 / 理博第4373号 / 新制||理||1628(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻 / (主査)教授 大志万 直人, 准教授 吉村 令慧, 教授 中西 一郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

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Denna rapport går ut på att undersöka litiumjonbatterierna som används i Samsung Galaxy S3 och S4 med lanseringsåren 2012 respektive 2013. Projektet går ut på att undersöka hur dessa batterier har påverkats med tiden samt hur de påverkas av temperaturen. För att lyckas med detta gjordes elektrokemiska cyklingar, dvs upp- och urladdningar av batterierna, samt impedansmätningar. Datan jämfördes med två nyinköpta batterier av samma modell som undersöktes på samma sätt. Från de olika mätningarna framgick det att de åldrade batterierna visade sig vara känsligare mot temperaturförändringar jämfört med de nya batterierna. Mätningarna visade även att lägre temperaturer försämrade samtliga batteriernas prestanda då en lägre kapacitet uppmättes. Från de impedansmätningar som utfördes fanns ett tydligt samband mellan kinetikmotståndet hos ett litiumjonbatteri i förhållande till omgivningstemperaturen, där en lägre temperatur ger upphov till ett större kinetikmostånd. Utöver dessa resultat visade det sig att kemin i batteriet till Samsung Galaxy S4 verkar ha ändrats genom åren, detta eftersom att formen på urladdningskurvan för det äldre GalaxyS4 batteriet skiljer sig från det nyinköpta. / This report examines lithium-ion batteries used in Samsung Galaxy S3 and S4 with the launch years 2012 and 2013, respectively. The project aims to examine how these batteries have been affected over time and how they are affected by temperature. To succeed in this, electrochemical cycles were performed, i.e. charging and discharging of the batteries, as well as impedance measurements. The data were compared with two newly purchased batteries of the same model that were examined in the same way. The various measurements showed that the aged batteries proved to be more sensitive to temperature changes compared with the new batteries. The measurements also showed that lower temperatures limited all the battery's performance when a lower capacity was measured. From the impedance measurements performed, there was a clear relationship between the kinetic resistance of a lithium-ion battery in relation to the ambient temperature, where a lower temperature gave rise to a greater kinetic resistance. In addition to these results, the chemistry in the battery of the Samsung Galaxy S4 seems to have changed over the years, this was determined by comparing the discharge curve for the older Galaxy S4 battery with the newly purchased one.

This work measured relative permittivity from 15.0 to 55.0 °C of aqueous solutions containing acetone or tetrahydrofuran using a BI 870 dielectric meter. A cubic polynomial fit resulted in coefficients for calculating permittivity as a function of temperature and mole fraction. Literature values for other co-solvent system resulted in similar polynomial coefficients. Using BI 870, permittivity measurements of ionic solutions were not possible because of high conductivity. A simple method using impedance spectroscopy measured these solutions. Impedance decreases with increasing temperature and decreases with increasing ionic strength. Due to the temperature dependence of impedance, all measurements were at 25.0 °C. Anions including bicarbonate, sulfate, acetate, and carbonate were determined using this method. Detection limits were at parts per trillion (ppt) levels. A simple sensor based on smaller stainless steel cylinders and a circuit to determine impedance is currently being developed in combination with an anion exchange column.

The framework for a permanently implantable wireless compliance sensor was developed and validated using laboratory experiments. The proposed sensor would measure the intracranial pressure and fluid volume in the brain and return this information to a monitoring device. The designed sensor received power remotely from the monitoring device negating the need for an implanted power source. Impedance measurement estimation techniques were suggested, studied and applied to the compliance sensing system. A new impedance measurement technique, accounting for multiple variability in the domain, was developed. An extensive simulation environment was designed and used to develop the laboratory experiments and hardware. The laboratory experiments validated the theory and simulation, proving the concept. Future work was suggested including the next step in the design process and possible research directions for subsequent theses.