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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Effects of Habitat, Density, and Climate on Moose and Winter Tick Ecology in the northeastern U.S.

Berube, Juliana 25 March 2024 (has links) (PDF)
Over the past several decades, moose (Alces alces) populations in New England have been in decline due to winter tick (Dermacentor albipictus) parasitism. Winter ticks have been known to infest moose, with over 90,000 ticks being recorded on a single moose. These severe infestations, known as epizootics, are associated with high annual calf mortality rates (> 50%) and reductions in annual productivity (adult calving and twinning rates < 60% and 5%, respectively). Given this, it is increasingly important to effectively monitor moose and winter ticks to address consistent population decline of moose due to winter tick epizootics. The objectives of this work were to measure off-host winter tick abundance and associated environmental variables and compare off-host tick abundance in relation to moose abundance. To assess moose and winter tick abundance, I used a combination of camera traps and winter tick sampling. I set an array of 60 cameras across central-western Massachusetts, which contribute data to the Northeast Wildlife Monitoring Network. I used a plot-based sampling strategy that is effective for heterogenous habitat types to sample winter ticks at sites in western and central Massachusetts as well as the White Mountain National Forest and Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge in New Hampshire. The Penobscot Nation developed the tick sampling approach and contributed additional winter tick data from their sovereign trust lands in Maine. I used N-mixture models to generate estimates of tick abundance for each of the three study areas. Results from this study can inform monitoring strategies for ticks, predict epizootic severity, and develop tools to mitigate threats to moose. This is important for managers looking to prevent further declines in moose populations due to winter ticks and tribes seeking to maintain populations for sustenance.
2

Distribuição e abundância de Amazona vinacea (Papagaio-de-peito-roxo) no oeste de Santa Catarina

Zulian, Viviane January 2017 (has links)
Esse trabalho oferece uma avaliação da abundância do papagaio-de-peito-roxo (Amazona vinacea) para 2016 e 2017, combinando contagens em dormitórios ao longo de toda a distribuição da espécie, em escala global, com amostragens replicadas em dormitórios na região oeste de Santa Catarina (WSC), em escala local, Brasil. As contagens em escala global resultaram em 3888 e 4066 indivíduos em 2016 e 2017, respectivamente. As estimativas para o WSC foram de 945 ± 50 e 1393 ± 40 para os mesmos dois anos. Não foi observada nenhuma evidência de crescimento populacional de 2016 para 2017, pois o acréscimo no número de indivíduos foi acompanhado por aumento do esforço amostral em ambas escalas. Quando extrapolamos a abundância no WSC para toda a área de distribuição da espécie, segundo a IUCN, e pressupondo densidade homogênea, obtivemos valores que estão acima da contagem na escala global, mas dentro da mesma ordem de magnitude. Nosso resultado oferece uma base sólida para afirmar que o tamanho populacional global de A. vinacea é de milhares de indivíduos, mas não dezenas de milhares. Realizamos um esforço sistemático para considerar as principais fontes de incerteza na estimativa de abundância da espécie. Cada contagem, tanto na escala local quanto na global, incluíram visitas em todos os dormitórios conhecidos dentro de um intervalo de 10 dias, evitando duplas contagens devido ao movimento dos papagaios entre dormitórios. No WSC, a abundância foi estimada usando um N-Mixture Model implementado em contexto Bayesiano. Apesar de nossa estimativa de tamanho populacional e de área de distribuição serem maiores do que as consideradas pela IUCN, sugerimos que A. vinacea permaneça na categoria “Em Perigo”, até que sejam realizados estudos sobre tendência populacional. / We offer an assessment of Vinaceous parrot (Amazona vinacea) abundance in 2016 and 2017, combining roost counts over the whole range of the species, with a replicated survey of roosts at the local scale, in western Santa Catarina state (WSC), Brazil. The whole range counts amounted to 3888 and 4066 individuals in 2016 and 2017, respectively. The WSC estimates were 945 ± 50 and of 1393 ± 40 individuals, for the same two years. We found no evidence of population growth from 2016 to 2017 because the increase in numbers is accompanied by an increase in observation effort both in WSC and at the whole-range scale. When extrapolating the WSC abundance estimate to the whole IUCN extant range of the species under the simplifying assumption of homogenous population density, we obtain values above the whole-range counts, but within the same order of magnitude. Such result offers a sound basis for putting the global population size of A. vinacea in the thousands of individuals, but not in the tens of thousands of individuals. We made a systematic effort to address key sources of uncertainty in parrot abundance estimation. Each count, at the local or whole-range scale, includes visits to all relevant roosts within less than ten days time to avoid double counting due to movement between roosts. At the local scale, we estimated abundance using an N-Mixture Model of replicated count data, implemented in a Bayesian framework. Even though we estimate a larger population size and a bigger geographic range that those currently reported by the IUCN, we suggest that A. vinacea should remain in the ‘Endangered’ IUCN threat category, pending further investigation of population trends.
3

Distribuição e abundância de Amazona vinacea (Papagaio-de-peito-roxo) no oeste de Santa Catarina

Zulian, Viviane January 2017 (has links)
Esse trabalho oferece uma avaliação da abundância do papagaio-de-peito-roxo (Amazona vinacea) para 2016 e 2017, combinando contagens em dormitórios ao longo de toda a distribuição da espécie, em escala global, com amostragens replicadas em dormitórios na região oeste de Santa Catarina (WSC), em escala local, Brasil. As contagens em escala global resultaram em 3888 e 4066 indivíduos em 2016 e 2017, respectivamente. As estimativas para o WSC foram de 945 ± 50 e 1393 ± 40 para os mesmos dois anos. Não foi observada nenhuma evidência de crescimento populacional de 2016 para 2017, pois o acréscimo no número de indivíduos foi acompanhado por aumento do esforço amostral em ambas escalas. Quando extrapolamos a abundância no WSC para toda a área de distribuição da espécie, segundo a IUCN, e pressupondo densidade homogênea, obtivemos valores que estão acima da contagem na escala global, mas dentro da mesma ordem de magnitude. Nosso resultado oferece uma base sólida para afirmar que o tamanho populacional global de A. vinacea é de milhares de indivíduos, mas não dezenas de milhares. Realizamos um esforço sistemático para considerar as principais fontes de incerteza na estimativa de abundância da espécie. Cada contagem, tanto na escala local quanto na global, incluíram visitas em todos os dormitórios conhecidos dentro de um intervalo de 10 dias, evitando duplas contagens devido ao movimento dos papagaios entre dormitórios. No WSC, a abundância foi estimada usando um N-Mixture Model implementado em contexto Bayesiano. Apesar de nossa estimativa de tamanho populacional e de área de distribuição serem maiores do que as consideradas pela IUCN, sugerimos que A. vinacea permaneça na categoria “Em Perigo”, até que sejam realizados estudos sobre tendência populacional. / We offer an assessment of Vinaceous parrot (Amazona vinacea) abundance in 2016 and 2017, combining roost counts over the whole range of the species, with a replicated survey of roosts at the local scale, in western Santa Catarina state (WSC), Brazil. The whole range counts amounted to 3888 and 4066 individuals in 2016 and 2017, respectively. The WSC estimates were 945 ± 50 and of 1393 ± 40 individuals, for the same two years. We found no evidence of population growth from 2016 to 2017 because the increase in numbers is accompanied by an increase in observation effort both in WSC and at the whole-range scale. When extrapolating the WSC abundance estimate to the whole IUCN extant range of the species under the simplifying assumption of homogenous population density, we obtain values above the whole-range counts, but within the same order of magnitude. Such result offers a sound basis for putting the global population size of A. vinacea in the thousands of individuals, but not in the tens of thousands of individuals. We made a systematic effort to address key sources of uncertainty in parrot abundance estimation. Each count, at the local or whole-range scale, includes visits to all relevant roosts within less than ten days time to avoid double counting due to movement between roosts. At the local scale, we estimated abundance using an N-Mixture Model of replicated count data, implemented in a Bayesian framework. Even though we estimate a larger population size and a bigger geographic range that those currently reported by the IUCN, we suggest that A. vinacea should remain in the ‘Endangered’ IUCN threat category, pending further investigation of population trends.
4

Distribuição e abundância de Amazona vinacea (Papagaio-de-peito-roxo) no oeste de Santa Catarina

Zulian, Viviane January 2017 (has links)
Esse trabalho oferece uma avaliação da abundância do papagaio-de-peito-roxo (Amazona vinacea) para 2016 e 2017, combinando contagens em dormitórios ao longo de toda a distribuição da espécie, em escala global, com amostragens replicadas em dormitórios na região oeste de Santa Catarina (WSC), em escala local, Brasil. As contagens em escala global resultaram em 3888 e 4066 indivíduos em 2016 e 2017, respectivamente. As estimativas para o WSC foram de 945 ± 50 e 1393 ± 40 para os mesmos dois anos. Não foi observada nenhuma evidência de crescimento populacional de 2016 para 2017, pois o acréscimo no número de indivíduos foi acompanhado por aumento do esforço amostral em ambas escalas. Quando extrapolamos a abundância no WSC para toda a área de distribuição da espécie, segundo a IUCN, e pressupondo densidade homogênea, obtivemos valores que estão acima da contagem na escala global, mas dentro da mesma ordem de magnitude. Nosso resultado oferece uma base sólida para afirmar que o tamanho populacional global de A. vinacea é de milhares de indivíduos, mas não dezenas de milhares. Realizamos um esforço sistemático para considerar as principais fontes de incerteza na estimativa de abundância da espécie. Cada contagem, tanto na escala local quanto na global, incluíram visitas em todos os dormitórios conhecidos dentro de um intervalo de 10 dias, evitando duplas contagens devido ao movimento dos papagaios entre dormitórios. No WSC, a abundância foi estimada usando um N-Mixture Model implementado em contexto Bayesiano. Apesar de nossa estimativa de tamanho populacional e de área de distribuição serem maiores do que as consideradas pela IUCN, sugerimos que A. vinacea permaneça na categoria “Em Perigo”, até que sejam realizados estudos sobre tendência populacional. / We offer an assessment of Vinaceous parrot (Amazona vinacea) abundance in 2016 and 2017, combining roost counts over the whole range of the species, with a replicated survey of roosts at the local scale, in western Santa Catarina state (WSC), Brazil. The whole range counts amounted to 3888 and 4066 individuals in 2016 and 2017, respectively. The WSC estimates were 945 ± 50 and of 1393 ± 40 individuals, for the same two years. We found no evidence of population growth from 2016 to 2017 because the increase in numbers is accompanied by an increase in observation effort both in WSC and at the whole-range scale. When extrapolating the WSC abundance estimate to the whole IUCN extant range of the species under the simplifying assumption of homogenous population density, we obtain values above the whole-range counts, but within the same order of magnitude. Such result offers a sound basis for putting the global population size of A. vinacea in the thousands of individuals, but not in the tens of thousands of individuals. We made a systematic effort to address key sources of uncertainty in parrot abundance estimation. Each count, at the local or whole-range scale, includes visits to all relevant roosts within less than ten days time to avoid double counting due to movement between roosts. At the local scale, we estimated abundance using an N-Mixture Model of replicated count data, implemented in a Bayesian framework. Even though we estimate a larger population size and a bigger geographic range that those currently reported by the IUCN, we suggest that A. vinacea should remain in the ‘Endangered’ IUCN threat category, pending further investigation of population trends.
5

A Plethodontid Perspective: Responding to Disturbance — From Hourly Weather to Historical Settlement and Modern Fire

Wilk, Andrew John 10 November 2022 (has links)
No description available.
6

Organisation des communautés de moyens et grands vertébrés en relation avec l'hétérogénéité des forêts de terre ferme de Guyane / Organization of medium- and large-sized vertebrates in relation to Guianan terra firme forests heterogeneity

Denis, Thomas 12 May 2017 (has links)
Cette thèse a pour but d’étudier l'influence de l'hétérogénéité des forêts de terre ferme en Guyane sur l'organisation des communautés de moyens et grands vertébrés. Nous avons, d'abord, choisi une espèce modèle afin de déterminer une méthode adéquate d'estimation d'abondance prenant en compte la détection imparfaite et l'immigration temporaire des espèces, et de tester l'effet des conditions environnementales à différentes échelles d'analyse. Puis, partant du constat que les biais dus à la détection dans l'estimation d'abondance pouvaient être importants, nous avons déterminé l'importance relative des conditions environnementales et des traits biologiques des espèces sur la probabilité de détection. A partir de ce cadre d'étude, nous avons étudié la composition et les diversités alpha et beta en utilisant de façon complémentaire les métriques taxonomique, fonctionnelle, et phylogénétique pour déterminer le rôle relatif de l'environnement et de la contingence historique dans l'organisation des communautés, et de tester l’hypothèse des refuges forestiers. Enfin, en descendant dans l'échelle d'analyse, nous avons tenté de démêler l'effet de l'environnement et des interactions interspécifiques sur la cooccurrence des espèces, et utilisé les traits fonctionnels des espèces pour tester le lien entre cooccurrence et similitude fonctionnelle. Cette thèse met en avant les rôles prépondérants de la contingence historique et de la facilitation dans, respectivement, la structuration de la diversité régionale et les processus d’assemblages locaux des communautés de moyens et grands vertébrés en Guyane. / The main objective of this thesis was to study the influence of Guianan terra firme rainforests types on medium- and large-sized vertebrates community organization. First, we choose a model species which permitted to develop an appropriate abundance estimation method which take into account the imperfect detection and temporary immigration of mobile species, and to test environmental conditions effects at different spatial scales of analysis. Second, given that bias due to animal detection can be important in the abundance estimation, we determinated the relative role of environmental conditions and species biological traits on detection probability. From this methodological framework, we studied then processes of community organization, by identifying the main determinants involved in community organization, using composition and alpha and beta diversities, and, in a complementary manner, three metrics (taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic). We sought from these general framework to determinate the relative role of environmental conditions and historical contingency, responsible for the current community organization, and to test the forest refugia hypothesis. Finally, we downscaled the analysis to determinate, and tried to disentangle the effects of environmental conditions and interspecific interactions on species co-occurrence. We used then functional traits to test the relationship between species co-occurrence and similarities.This thesis highlights the important role of historical contingency and facilitation in the structure of regional diversity and the local assembly processes of medium- and large-sized vertebrates, respectively, in French Guiana.

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