Interest in environmental issues has increased enormouslyover the last few decades and environmental problems areperceived to be on the increase. Due to the fact that thenumber of products on the market increases enormously, it isevident that we face a great challenge to overcome the problemconcerning our consumer society. An increasing barrage oflegislation accompanied by the public’s awareness of, andconcern for, the environment forcing the industry to respond.Products and their environmental impact have moved to thecentre stage and it is widely believed that designers have akey role in adapting products to a sustainable society. Threekey issues are identified in this development scenario: (a) theimportance of adapting products to a more sustainable society,(b) the specific situation facing the designer, especially inearly design phases, and (c) balancing environmental impactswith functional preferences. Research in this thesis presents a theoretical framework fordescribing environmental issues and the role of the designer inproduct development, as well as functional characteristics ofproducts in the early phases of design. Based on anengineering-design science foundation, theoretical models andconcepts have been developed describing how both functional andenvironmental preferences can be visualised in design forenvironment and product development. Case studies andinterviews have been performed and integrated into a coherenttheoretical model for identifying and evaluating functional andenvironmental preferences within ecodesign approach andreasoning. The overall concept proposed in this thesis is called theeco functional matrix, based on two parts: functional profileand environmental profile. The functional profile represent thefunctional characteristics and environmental profile theenvironmental characteristics respectively of a product in theearly phases of design. One of the objectives behind theconcept is to highlight the importance of balancing functionalrequirements and environmental impacts, presenting both theadvantages and disadvantages of the product. The basic idea isto account for user and societal preferences as well asenvironmental impact when assessing alternative productconcepts at early design stages. Balancing both the functionalrequirements and the negative environmental impacts of productsis the road to sustainable development. <b>KEYWORDS</b>Design for environment, life-cycle design,eco-design, eco-design methods, product environmentalcharacteristics, product functional characteristics, customerbenefit, value analysis, functional profile, environmentalprofile, eco functional matrix, product properties.

<p>Interest in environmental issues has increased enormouslyover the last few decades and environmental problems areperceived to be on the increase. Due to the fact that thenumber of products on the market increases enormously, it isevident that we face a great challenge to overcome the problemconcerning our consumer society. An increasing barrage oflegislation accompanied by the public’s awareness of, andconcern for, the environment forcing the industry to respond.Products and their environmental impact have moved to thecentre stage and it is widely believed that designers have akey role in adapting products to a sustainable society. Threekey issues are identified in this development scenario: (a) theimportance of adapting products to a more sustainable society,(b) the specific situation facing the designer, especially inearly design phases, and (c) balancing environmental impactswith functional preferences.</p><p>Research in this thesis presents a theoretical framework fordescribing environmental issues and the role of the designer inproduct development, as well as functional characteristics ofproducts in the early phases of design. Based on anengineering-design science foundation, theoretical models andconcepts have been developed describing how both functional andenvironmental preferences can be visualised in design forenvironment and product development. Case studies andinterviews have been performed and integrated into a coherenttheoretical model for identifying and evaluating functional andenvironmental preferences within ecodesign approach andreasoning.</p><p>The overall concept proposed in this thesis is called theeco functional matrix, based on two parts: functional profileand environmental profile. The functional profile represent thefunctional characteristics and environmental profile theenvironmental characteristics respectively of a product in theearly phases of design. One of the objectives behind theconcept is to highlight the importance of balancing functionalrequirements and environmental impacts, presenting both theadvantages and disadvantages of the product. The basic idea isto account for user and societal preferences as well asenvironmental impact when assessing alternative productconcepts at early design stages. Balancing both the functionalrequirements and the negative environmental impacts of productsis the road to sustainable development.</p><p><b>KEYWORDS</b>Design for environment, life-cycle design,eco-design, eco-design methods, product environmentalcharacteristics, product functional characteristics, customerbenefit, value analysis, functional profile, environmentalprofile, eco functional matrix, product properties.</p>

Darbo tikslas: Tarptautinių pervežimų organizacijos sisteminio projekto kūrimas. Teorinėje dalyje atlikau organizacijos, kaip socialinės – ekonominės sistemos, analizę. Visų pirma analizavau sistemos sampratą bei jos atsiradimą sąlygojančius veiksnius, pagrindinių sistemos sąvokos tyrėjų mokslinius darbus, sistemų klasifikaciją. Toliau nagrinėjau sistemos pagrindines charakteristikas – funkcinę, morfologinę, procesinę. Šių charakteristikų nustatymo pagrindinius kriterijus. Atskirai nagrinėjau valdymo sistemos sandaros ypatybes. Analitinėje dalyje sudariau organizacijos sisteminio projektavimo metodiką. Aprašiau, kaip turi būti nustatomos organizacijos funkcijos, projektuojama jos sandara, charakterizuojami joje vykstantys procesai. Projektinėje dalyje, naudodama savo parašytą sisteminio projektavimo metodiką, sukūriau tarptautinių pervežimų organizacijos sisteminį projektą. Nustačiau kokias funkcijas atliks kuriama organizacija, suprojektavau jos organizacinę sandarą, valdymo struktūrą, charakterizavau joje vykstančius procesus. / The aim of the paper was the creation of the systemic project for the international transit organization. In theoretical part the analysis of the organization as a social-economical system was done. Firstly, I analyzed the conception of the system and factors that determine its occurrence, as well as the main works of the researchers and classification of the systems. Further, I scrutinized the main characteristics of the system, which are as follows: functional, morphological and procedural, and criterions for identification of those characteristics. The structure of the system was analyzed separately. In the analytical part, I composed the methodology for systemic engineering of the organization, described how the functions of the organization are to be determined, how its architecture is designed and how processes occurring within the organization are characterized. In the design part, using my own methodology, I created the systematic project of the international transit organization, identified its functions, planned its organizational structure, leadership structure and characterized the processes occurring within the organization.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-01-13T10:49:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Vidal Angel Cobos Carrascosa - 2014.pdf: 972757 bytes, checksum: 55272ad11bc2ab41f00a44966fab6cea (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-01-13T10:52:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Vidal Angel Cobos Carrascosa - 2014.pdf: 972757 bytes, checksum: 55272ad11bc2ab41f00a44966fab6cea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-13T10:52:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Vidal Angel Cobos Carrascosa - 2014.pdf: 972757 bytes, checksum: 55272ad11bc2ab41f00a44966fab6cea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-03 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Abiotic and biotic factors determine the species diversity along environmental gradients, but are not yet determined how these factors modulate changes in richness and ecological (functional) characteristics of communities along environmental gradients related to heterogeneity and amount of resources. There are studies which support that resources heterogeneity and/or resources amount influence the variations of animal diversity, but often, these studies do not distinguish clearly between these effects. On the other hand, species and ecological characteristics that coexist along environmental gradients should be affected by competition, niche overlap and/or environmental filters that influence the richness and functional redundancy (FR) of communities, and a greater niches heterogeneity and amount should promote functional differentiation among species. Because of their importance in ecosystems, their high diversity and close evolutionary relationship with plants at the Neotropics; I chose the arboreal ants as an object of study to test: 1) There is an increase in arboreal ants richness linked to an increase in the heterogeneity and amount of food and structural niches 2) The arboreal ants FR decreases with increasing heterogeneity and decreases with quantity of niches.Samples were taken in 42 plots of 100 m2 forming a heterogeneity and amount of resources gradient at Emas National Park, Mineiros, GO. After sampling and identification of organisms - plants and ants – I take nine functional characteristics measures for ants and a team of experts measured six variables of the community of woody plants. From the plots sampling, I got the ant richness and FR, and described biotic parameters related to heterogeneity and quantity of resources from the characteristics of the vegetation. Using the technique of PCA, I calculated the principal axes of environmental variables for the heterogeneity and amount of resources. These axes were related to arboreal ant richness and FR employing the Akaike criterion. Once the effect of heterogeneity and amount of resources was separated, the richness of ants was explained by the resources amount and the FR by the resources heterogeneity and amount. A greater amount of food and structural niches may encourage the coexistence of a large number of ant species possibly by a decreasing competitive exclusion and an improved distribution of resources among species. An increase in habitat heterogeneity and a decrease in food resources quantity may enable ant species to distinguished functionally, this may cause a decrease in FR; little diversification of structural resources and higheramount of food may promote that environment and competitive exclusion diminish the variety of functional features present in the community. / Os fatores abióticos e bióticos determinam a diversidade de espécies ao longo de gradientes ambientais, porém ainda não está determinado como esses fatores modulam as mudanças da riqueza e características ecológicas (funcionais) das comunidades ao longo de gradientes de heterogeneidade e quantidade de recursos. Existem estudos que apoiam que a heterogeneidade e/ou quantidade recursos influenciam as variações da diversidade animal, mas com frequência, estes estudos não separam com nitidez estes efeitos. Por outro lado, as espécies e características ecológicas que coexistem ao longo de gradientes ambientais devem ser afetadas pela competição, sobreposição de nichos e/ou filtros ambientais que influenciam a riqueza e redundância funcional (RF) das comunidades, e uma maior heterogeneidade e menor quantidadede nichos deve promover a diferenciação funcional das espécies. Devido sua importância nos ecossistemas, sua alta diversidade e a estreita relação evolutiva com as plantas nos Neotrópicos, escolhi as formigas arborícolas como objeto de estudo para testar se: 1) Existe um aumento da riqueza de formigas arborícolas ligado a um aumento na heterogeneidade e quantidade de nichos alimentares e estruturais 2) A RF das formigas arborícolas diminui conforme aumenta a heterogeneidade e diminui a quantidade nichos.Amostrei 42 parcelas de 100 m2que formam um gradiente de heterogeneidade e quantidade de recursosno Parque Nacional das Emas, Mineiros, GO. Após a amostragem e identificação dos organismos - plantas e formigas -, mensureinove características funcionais para as formigas e uma equipe de especialistas mensurou seis variáveis da comunidade das plantas lenhosas. A partir da amostragem das parcelas obtive a riqueza e RF das formigas, e descrevi parâmetros bióticos de heterogeneidade e quantidade de recursos a partir das características da vegetação. Usando a técnica da PCA, calculei os eixos principais das variáveis ambientais para a heterogeneidade e quantidade de recursos. Estes eixos foram relacionados com a riqueza e RF das formigasarborícolas mediante o critério Akaike. Uma vez separado o efeito da heterogeneidade e quantidade de recursos, a riqueza das formigas foi explicada pela quantidade de recursos e a RF pela heterogeneidade e quantidade de recursos. Uma maior quantidade de nichos alimentares e estruturais deve fomentar a coexistência de um maior número de espécies de formigas possivelmente por uma diminuição da exclusão competitiva e uma melhor divisão dos recursos entre as espécies. Um aumento na heterogeneidade do habitat e diminuição da quantidade de recurso alimentar deve permitirque as espécies de formigas se diferenciem funcionalmente, isto pode provocaruma diminuição da RF; pouca diversificação dos recursos estruturais e maior quantidade de alimento pode fomentar que o ambiente e a exclusão competitiva diminuam a variedade de características funcionais presentes na comunidade.

Title: Functional Profile of Performance Billiard Players Objectives: The main aim of thesis was to find out maximal functional characteristics and body composition of performance billiard players by using laboratory testing. Next step was to define load intensity during simulated match. Methods: There were used biomedical measurements as a body measuring, bioelectrical impedance, laboratory spiroergometric measuring by maximal stress testing. Field spiroergometric measuring was provide during simulated match in pool hall. To find the role of physical fitness in performance billiard were used half structured interview with open questions and online survey. Results: The findings show that tested billiard players achieve levels of physical fitness from average to very good values. But some of them are classified as overweight and obese. Long-time playing billiard does not have any important influence on asymetric composition of muscle mass of upper limbs. During playing billiard an oxygen consumption didn't get over 30% of VO2max and values of heart rate were between 39 to 59% HRmax. During playing billiard an energy expenditure grows from 222 to 330% of BM. Billiard energetic demands of tested players are moving between 14,6 kJ to 29,3 kJ. Another result of thesis is a statement about the role of...

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-03-24T19:51:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Márcio Fernando Cardoso Zago - 2014.pdf: 2344826 bytes, checksum: 785eb9d33a3c85c094d7e3cfc111730d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-03-24T19:54:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Márcio Fernando Cardoso Zago - 2014.pdf: 2344826 bytes, checksum: 785eb9d33a3c85c094d7e3cfc111730d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-24T19:54:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Márcio Fernando Cardoso Zago - 2014.pdf: 2344826 bytes, checksum: 785eb9d33a3c85c094d7e3cfc111730d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-29 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora Berg) is a much appreciated fruit and nutritional importance mainly found in south-central Brazil. Its peel is a by-product discarded in Brazilian agribusiness. The concern about the environmental impacts and the high rate of losses and waste leads to the need to establish means for recovery of such waste. This study aimed to produce flour with peel Jaboticaba, develop biscuit cookie type - enriched with Jaboticaba skin flour instead of wheat flour and oatmeal, analyze technological aspects as much flour as biscuits made from mathematical models and analyze the chemical and functional aspects as much flour as the elaborate cookies. Chemical, microbiological and physical analyzes technological peel blemish in flour and crackers cookie type , according to official methods . All regression models cookies with bark were significant blemish . The water activity of all the cookies found below the recommended limit for the growth of microorganisms . Cookies formulations with higher proportions of bark flour have minor blemish that cookies formulations with higher proportions of oatmeal and wheat flour thicknesses . Moreover , they absorb more water , show lower values of breaking strength and have a decrease in color parameters ( L *, a * and b *) . Cookies made with larger fractions of oatmeal have lower values of specific volume . Formulations with higher percentages of bark jabuticaba flour and wheat flour tend to be more soluble in water . Both the standard cookie and cookie with Jabuticaba bark , selected from the desirability test meal were accepted among children 9-14 years. Embed shell flour blemish on cookies cookie type , increases the health benefits , since this has a high antioxidant capacity and high content of dietary fiber . It is necessary to apply further studies shell flour blemish in food products , since high levels of dietary fiber and bioactive compounds were detected in the peel blemish flour and crackers which were developed in this study. / A jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora Berg) é um fruto muito apreciado e de importância nutricional encontrado principalmente no centro-sul do Brasil. Sua casca é um subproduto descartado nas agroindústrias brasileiras. A grande preocupação com os impactos ambientais e o elevado índice de perdas e desperdícios leva à necessidade de se criarem meios para o aproveitamento desses resíduos. Este estudo teve como objetivo produzir farinha com casca de jabuticaba, desenvolver biscoito tipo cookie - enriquecido com a farinha de casca de jabuticaba em substituição da farinha de trigo e farinha de aveia, analisar os aspectos tecnológicos tanto da farinha quanto dos cookies elaborados a partir de modelos matemáticos e analisar os aspectos químicos e funcionais tanto da farinha quanto dos cookies elaborados. Foram realizadas análises físicas, químicas, microbiológicas e tecnológicas na farinha de casca de jabuticaba e nos cookies, conforme metodologias oficiais. Todos os modelos de regressão dos cookies com casca de jabuticaba foram significativos. A atividade de água de todas as formulações encontrou-se abaixo do limite recomendado para o desenvolvimento de microrganismos. Cookies com maiores proporções de farinha de casca de jabuticaba possuíram espessuras menores que formulações com maiores proporções de farinha de aveia e farinha de trigo. Além disso, absorveram mais água, apresentaram menores valores de força de ruptura e possuíam diminuição nos parâmetros de cor (L*, a* e b*). Cookies produzidos com frações de farinha de aveia maiores apresentaram menores valores de volume específico. Formulações com maiores percentuais de farinha de casca de jabuticaba e farinha de trigo foram mais solúveis em água. Tanto o cookie padrão e o cookie com farinha de casca de jabuticaba, selecionado a partir do teste de desejabilidade, foram aceitos entre crianças de 9 a 14 anos. Incorporar farinha de casca de jabuticaba em cookie, aumenta os benefícios à saúde, visto que, esta possui atividade antioxidante e fibras alimentars. Faz-se necessário mais estudos de aplicação de farinha de casca de jabuticaba em produtos alimentícios, uma vez que foram verificadas fibras alimentares e compostos bioativos na farinha de casca de jabuticaba e nos cookies que foram desenvolvidos neste estudo.

Cette thèse a pour but d’étudier l'influence de l'hétérogénéité des forêts de terre ferme en Guyane sur l'organisation des communautés de moyens et grands vertébrés. Nous avons, d'abord, choisi une espèce modèle afin de déterminer une méthode adéquate d'estimation d'abondance prenant en compte la détection imparfaite et l'immigration temporaire des espèces, et de tester l'effet des conditions environnementales à différentes échelles d'analyse. Puis, partant du constat que les biais dus à la détection dans l'estimation d'abondance pouvaient être importants, nous avons déterminé l'importance relative des conditions environnementales et des traits biologiques des espèces sur la probabilité de détection. A partir de ce cadre d'étude, nous avons étudié la composition et les diversités alpha et beta en utilisant de façon complémentaire les métriques taxonomique, fonctionnelle, et phylogénétique pour déterminer le rôle relatif de l'environnement et de la contingence historique dans l'organisation des communautés, et de tester l’hypothèse des refuges forestiers. Enfin, en descendant dans l'échelle d'analyse, nous avons tenté de démêler l'effet de l'environnement et des interactions interspécifiques sur la cooccurrence des espèces, et utilisé les traits fonctionnels des espèces pour tester le lien entre cooccurrence et similitude fonctionnelle. Cette thèse met en avant les rôles prépondérants de la contingence historique et de la facilitation dans, respectivement, la structuration de la diversité régionale et les processus d’assemblages locaux des communautés de moyens et grands vertébrés en Guyane. / The main objective of this thesis was to study the influence of Guianan terra firme rainforests types on medium- and large-sized vertebrates community organization. First, we choose a model species which permitted to develop an appropriate abundance estimation method which take into account the imperfect detection and temporary immigration of mobile species, and to test environmental conditions effects at different spatial scales of analysis. Second, given that bias due to animal detection can be important in the abundance estimation, we determinated the relative role of environmental conditions and species biological traits on detection probability. From this methodological framework, we studied then processes of community organization, by identifying the main determinants involved in community organization, using composition and alpha and beta diversities, and, in a complementary manner, three metrics (taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic). We sought from these general framework to determinate the relative role of environmental conditions and historical contingency, responsible for the current community organization, and to test the forest refugia hypothesis. Finally, we downscaled the analysis to determinate, and tried to disentangle the effects of environmental conditions and interspecific interactions on species co-occurrence. We used then functional traits to test the relationship between species co-occurrence and similarities.This thesis highlights the important role of historical contingency and facilitation in the structure of regional diversity and the local assembly processes of medium- and large-sized vertebrates, respectively, in French Guiana.

The diploma thesis is focused on the testing of asphalt mixtures of asphalt concrete containing reclaimed asphalt and laying of the test section. The theoretical part deals with the use of reclaimed asphalt in hot asphalt mixtures, namely the specifics of rejuvenating agents, aging and asphalt mixture. Further more information on the functional properties of asphalt mixtures and the influence of reclaimed asphalt on them is given. The practical part describes testing of mixtures of ACO 11+ and ACO 11+ with 50% reclaimed asphalt and tests on asphalt binders. In order to compare the proposed mixtures, the low thermal properties of ČSN EN 12697-46 and the stiffness modules according to ČSN EN 12697-26. In the last part of the diploma thesis the results of the measured values were compared with each other in order to determine of asfphalt recovery. From the overall test results, it can be seen that the effect of the rejuvenating agent was positive. However, the desired degree of rejuvenation has not been achieved after production.