This thesis examines the interconnected relationship that exists between sound and moving-image in the music-video. The flow of images used in many music videos often carries no definite meaning. Rather, the viewer must perceive the physiological sensations of the video's audiovisual expression to make sense of it. Thus, both the expression and the perception of music-video is a cross-modal process. Using Vivian Sobchack's theory of cinesthetics as a framework, the thesis contends that the music-video produces an aural visuality in which sound can be cinesthetically expressed and perceived as image and the image perceived and expressed as sound.

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This study uses the PIC (Particle-in-cell) method to simulate unsteady three-dimensional dynamics of particles in argon plasma under low pressure, high density, and weak ionization between two planar electrodes subject to a sudden biased voltage. Plasma has been widely used in materials processing, film manufacturing, nuclear fusion, lamps, etc. Properties of plasmas are also becoming important area for research. This work includes elastic collisions between electrons and neutrals, ions and neutrals, and inelastic collisions resulting in ionization from impacting neutrals by electrons, and charge exchange between ions and neutrals, and Coulomb collisions between electrons and ions. The model ignores magnetic field, secondary electron emission, recombination between ions and electrons, and assumes uniform distribution of the neutrals having velocity of Maxwellian distribution. The computed results show the effects of elastic and inelastic collisions on the characteristics of plasma and sheath (space charge region) in front of the workpiece surface. Unsteady mass, momentum and energy transport from the bulk plasma through sheath to the workpiece is confirmatively and exploratorily studied after successful comparison between PIC prediction and experimental data has been made.

The main purpose of this study was to shed light upon several questions regarding co -operation between the home and school, based upon earlier research and empirical studies. The study focused on the opportunities and drawbacks as well as on the motives for home and school cooperation. The first section deals with the questions at issues, and the bases the dissertation was dealt with. The second part covers the empirical studies which were carried out within the first three years of the primary school, and in the third part the limitations, most important results, and future research were discussed. The aim of the first section was to identify the starting points for the study, based on earlier research, and to review, via the main body of the study, how co-operation between the home and the school developed. An analysis of the review suggested that the goal formulations of the main body of the paper allowed for opportunities for home and school collaboration. Not only had interesting possibilities come to light, throughout the earlier research, but so too, a number of problems concerning the concrete collaboration between home and school. An very important conclusion, as a result of this review focused on the importance of proceeding from the unit that a class of pupils, parents and teachers represents. The purpose of the empirical studies was to describe and to try to understand why co-operation between home and school developed as it did. A longitudinal study was carried out by means of on-site research in the primary school itself, among pupils in years 1-3. This was proceeded by questionnaires and prestudies of selected classes. The data was collected mainly by means of questionnaires, interviews and written documents. The results showed that parents could function as a valuable resource within the work of the school and that it was relatively easy to take advantage of them, as such. It became clear that pupils, parents and teachers were extremely inventive and resourceful with regard to ideas on cooperation, and indeed on carrying through those ideas. Parents saw themselves and other parents as an important resource for the work of the school. The teacher emerged as a key figure for intensified collaboration. In the concluding discussion the results from the microlevel formed the starting point for the discussion concerning the context of cooperation between home and school at the macrolevel. As a conclusion, the discussion was about collaboration between home and school in terms of some of the effects of cooperation opportunities and obstacles, the interest shown by parents together with the content and forms of collaboration. Here it was pointed out that an important condition for achieving society's objectives was that pupils, parents and teachers together should interpret this in order to connect them to the cultural economic and social reality that was relevant to that particular class. / digitalisering@umu

This study has its starting point in physical touch, and I interviewed three health workers; an osteopath, a nurse, and a midwife, about their sense of touch. The data collection method used is the qualitative research interview, with its main emphasis on Eugene Gendlin‟s Focusing (1981), to capture the informant‟s embodied sense of touch. The Constant Comparative Method from Grounded Theory by Strauss and Corbin (1990) is employed to analyse the data, supplied by the descriptive phenomenological method as developed by Giorgi (2009), and inspired by Gendlin‟s Focusing (1968; 1970; 1981). Two main themes and a core theme emerged from the data: 1) "Touch is everything" – The toucher and the touched, 2) "Touch is an art" – The space between and, 3) "It takes courage to be close" – Touch as a meeting between selves. Philosophical theory and humanistic existential counselling psychology theories are at the base of the discussion. This includes Merleau-Ponty (1945), Gendlin (1962; 1996), Buber (1970/1996), Rogers (1961/2004) and Josselson (1996). Theories on body, space, and touch, also in counselling, are represented by Gendlin (1993; 1992), Montagu (1986), Hall (1966/1990), Hunter and Struve (1998), Tune (2001) among others. The study shows that positive touch is important to the person, how touch is more than physical, that the body is more than a physiological machine, and how touch both happens within different types of space and creates a meeting between the selves that reside inside the bodies. It also shows how through providing certain empathic conditions; warmth, acceptance, listening and caring, a health worker or counsellor can ensure a good meeting that can potentially lead to a dialogical I-You meeting. This meeting, based on the empathic conditions provided by a counsellor who is also in tune with him or herself, may also lead to change in the both the counsellor‟s and the client‟s selves.

European Union andChinaare very important economic entities in the world. Trade between them has quite a long history and affects the world trade enormously. The appearance of economic integration in the worldwide influences international trade largely and the influence is becoming bigger and bigger. The integration ofEuropeaffects trade between these two big entities, too. As there’re a few researches about this topic, this paper is going to study what may happen to trade betweenChinaand EU under the influence of economic integration ofEurope. Firstly, I show the history between these two entities to make the background clear. Secondly, I represent some important theories about international trade. Then by using Krugman’s new trade theory, I analyze current situation of trade between them. After that, I introduce economic integration in detail. At last, with the help of Panel Cointegration and Vector Error Correction Model built by Zhang Bin and Yang Yong, I get my conclusion about the future of trade between China and EU: Economic integration of Europe has a negative influence on trade between China and EU, but the influence is not strong enough to change the pattern of today’s trade. Trade pattern betweenChinaand EU will go on developing.

The aim of this essay is to analyze the relationship between the title and the music in a selec-tion of piano pieces by Torsten Petre. Based on the work list, a categorization of the piano titles has been made and the categories have been named ”emotions, moods and minds”, ”na-ture”, ”mankind”, ”dances and similar titles”, ”supernatural beings, fairy creatures and popu-lar belief”, ”foreign countries and foreign culture”, ”nationalism and tradition”, ”artifacts”, and ”miscellaneous”. Two pieces from the category ”emotions, moods and minds” Skizzer för piano, third series Op. 38, 1905 have been chosen: no 2 Svikna drömmar and no 6 Mörka stunder. See appendix 1 for the work list and appendix 2 for the categorization. As a background to the analysis, a biography about Torsten Petre as a musician and composer has been written. The background also consists of a description of the bourgeois salon, an environment in which his music was played, as well as of salon music as a genre. As there is no established method for analyzing the relationship between title and music, I have based the analysis on Benestad´s thoughts about how we perceive music. I have carried out the analysis using the piano and playing the piano pieces repeatedly until I felt that I could describe the relationship. The analysis shows that using the title as a guideline there is a clear recognition between the title and music, which can be described thoroughly, almost like a story.

After 1978, Chinese government initiated the transformation of the relationship between state and society. It was a process that the actor of state retreated gradually from market and society, meanwhile market and society developed slowly in the space which released by state. The state had different attitude toward market and society, as a result the market made a quicker development than the society. The society developed in the state and the market. The trade association in China could be divided into three types: state-led, spontaneous and eclectic. All of them are founded in the space released by state and the market. It reflected that in planned economy the trade associations still could be driven by the market. The trend of trade promotion associations¡¦ development are the state-led trade promotion associations will become more independently, and it would turn into the modern trade management system. Also the spontaneous promotion associations would develop fast. At that time, it would be hard to differentiate these two kind trade associations. According to the analysis above, the conclusion of this study are: First, Chinese government should continue to reform the SOEs, abolish the unsuitable privilege of administration department and rebuild the state-led trade associations. Second, give support to the newly build trade promotion associations and encourage the creative thinking. Third, cancel the dual management system and implement the systematic management. Fourth, allow the rational competition and regularize the behaviors of trade promotion associations. Finally, complete the supervised system, make the specific rules for trade promotion associations and develop other economical NGOs to make the balance effect.

This study uses the MHD (Magnetohydrodynamics) model to simulate unsteady two-dimensional transport variables in helium plasma under low pressure between two infinite planar electrodes suddenly biased by a negative voltage. Plasma has been widely used in etching, ion implantation, light source, and encountered in nuclear fusion, etc. Studying transport processes of plasmas therefore is important. By account for momentum exchange collisions, electric fields and magnetic fields the computed results in this work quantitatively show density, velocity, electric potential, temperature, viscosity, thermal conductivity of the ions and electrons across the sheath to the surfaces suddenly biased by a dc negative voltage.