Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) offer a new era of local-scale environmental monitoring where access to invaluable aerial data no longer comes at a substantial cost. This provides the opportunity to vastly expand the ability to detect natural hazards impacts, observe environmental conditions, quantify restoration efforts, track species propagation, monitor land surface changes, cross-validate existing platforms, and identify hazardous situations. While UASs have the potential to accelerate understanding of natural processes, much of the research using UASs has applied current remote sensing image processing techniques without questioning the validity of these in UAS applications. With new scientific tools comes a need to affirm that previous techniques are still valid for the new systems. To this end, the objective of the current study is to provide an assessment regarding the use of current remote sensing image processing techniques in UAS applications. The research reported herein finds that atmospheric effects have a statistically significant impact on low altitude UAS imagery. Correcting for these external factors affecting the imagery was successful using an empirical line calibration (ELC) image correction technique and required little modification for use in a complex UAS application. Finally, it was found that classification performance of UAS imagery was reliant on training sample size more than classification technique, and that training sample size requirements are larger than previous remote sensing studies suggest.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:21:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1275793 bytes, checksum: 6f184080723f11f294f29a4ddad08f39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this study a flow-batch analyzer (FBA) was utilized and its performance was evaluated for the determination of Fe(III) in edible without external pretreatment. The FBA method uses the reaction between Fe(III) and thiocyanate in organic medium. The formed red complex was monitored by employing a light emitting diode (LED, λmax = 520 nm) and a phototransistor linked to the mixing chamber by optical fibers. All standard solutions were prepared in-line and all analytical processes were carried out by simply changing the operational parameters in FBA control software. Comparing with the reference method, no statistically significant differences were observed when applying the paired t-test at a 95% confidence level. For the three types of samples studied the estimated standard deviation was less than 0.03 mg kg-1 (n = 3). The analytical frequency was 95 h-1, the limit of detection was 0.004 mg kg-1 and the limit of quantification was 0.013 mg kg-1. The recovery study shows results between 98.4% and 104.2%. The FBA method showed better analytical features when compared with previous automatic flow methods. Thus, the automated method proposed is potentially useful as an alternative for the determination of other ions in similar samples or in other viscous matrices without external pretreatment. / Neste estudo, um analisador em fluxo-batelada (FBA) foi desenvolvido e seu desempenho foi avaliado na determinação de Fe (III) em óleos comestíveis sem pré-tratamento da amostra. O método utiliza a reação entre os íons Fe(III) e o tiocianato solubilizado em meio orgânico. O complexo vermelho formado foi monitorado utilizando um diodo emissor de luz (LED, λmax = 520 nm) e um fototransistor acoplados ao interior da câmara de mistura por meio de fibras ópticas. As soluções-padrão foram preparadas em linha e todas as etapas de análise foram efetuadas através de simples alterações nos parâmetros operacionais no programa de gerenciamento do sistema. Ao comparar os resultados obtidos com o método proposto e com o de referência, não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas ao se aplicar o teste t pareado com nível de confiança de 95%. Para os três tipos de amostras em estudo o desvio-padrão relativo estimado foi menor que 0,03 mg kg-1 (n = 3). A frequência analítica foi de 95 h-1, o limite de detecção foi 0,004 mg kg-1 e o limite de quantificação foi de 0,013 mg kg-1. Estudos com amostras fortificadas mostraram resultados de recuperação entre 98,4% e 104,2% para ambas as matrizes. De modo geral, o método proposto apresentou melhor desempenho analítico quando comparado com analisadores em fluxo automático anteriores. Assim, o método automático proposto é potencialmente útil como uma alternativa para a determinação de outros íons em amostras semelhantes aos óleos investigados ou em outras matrizes viscosas sem necessidade de um pré-tratamento.

Les ``C-arm'' sont des systémes de radiologie interventionnelle fréquemment utilisés en salle d'opération ou au lit du patient. Des images 3D des structures anatomiques internes peuvent être calculées à partir de multiples radiographies acquises sur un ``C-arm mobile'' et isocentrique décrivant une trajectoire généralement circulaire autour du patient. Pour cela, la géométrie conique d'acquisition de chaque radiographie doit être précisément connue. Malheureusement, les C-arm se déforment en général au cours de la trajectoire. De plus leur motorisation engendre des oscillations non reproductibles. Ils doivent donc être calibrés au cours de l'acquisition. Ma thèse concerne la calibration intrinsèque d'un C-arm à partir de la détection de la projection du collimateur de la source dans les radiographies.Nous avons développé une méthode de détection de la projection des bords linéaires du collimateur. Elle surpasse les méthodes classiques comme le filtre de Canny sur données simulées ou réelles. La précision que nous obtenons sur l'angle et la position (phi,s) des droites est de l'ordre de: phi{RMS}=+/- 0.0045 degrees et s{RMS}=+/- 1.67 pixels. Nous avons évalué nos méthodes et les avons comparés à des méthodes classiques de calibration dans le cadre de la reconstruction 3D. / Mobile isocentric x-ray C-arm systems are an imaging tool used during a variety of interventional and image guided procedures. Three-dimensional images can be produced from multiple projection images of a patient or object as the C-arm rotates around the isocenter provided the C-arm geometry is known. Due to gravity affects and mechanical instabilities the C-arm source and detector geometry undergo significant non-ideal and possibly non reproducible deformation which requires a process of geometric calibration. This research investigates the use of the projection of the slightly closed x-ray tube collimator edges in the image field of view to provide the online intrinsic calibration of C-arm systems.A method of thick straight edge detection has been developed which outperforms the commonly used Canny filter edge detection technique in both simulation and real data investigations. This edge detection technique has exhibited excellent precision in detection of the edge angles and positions, (phi,s), in the presence of simulated C-arm deformation and image noise: phi{RMS} = +/- 0.0045 degrees and s{RMS} = +/- 1.67 pixels. Following this, the C-arm intrinsic calibration, by means of accurate edge detection, has been evaluated in the framework of 3D image reconstruction.