introduction: The theoretical part of the thesis briefly analyzes the anatomical, kinesiological and physiological aspects of breathing, pursues the issue of examinations of lung functions and also includes a chapter which applies to incentive spirometers. The experimental part of the work examines the impact of three-week training with trainer Coach2 on parameters of respiratory gas exchange at rest and during the exercise in healthy subjects. methods: Both output and control tests included spirometry and spiroergometry examination. The experimental group consisted of 10 subjects, control group consisted of 9 subjects. results: Our results show a significant influence especially on an increase in FVC, decreased respiratory rate at submaximal intensities of exercise and increased breathing rate at maximum load and also an increase in tidal volume at all load levels. Minute ventilation at maximum load increased by an average of 15.17 liters. The control group did not show any improvement. conclusion: It appears that training with trainer Coach2 might be effective in influencing certain ventilatory parameters at rest as well as during the exercise.

Bien que la spirométrie incitative (SI) face partie intégrante des soins périopératoires, son utilisation et impact chez les patients demeurent incertaines, particulièrement lorsqu’elle est initiée en préopératoire. Dans cette étude clinique randomisée prospective à simple insu, l'objectif primaire était de déterminer si un programme préopératoire d'exercice inspiratoire basé sur la SI avait un impact sur les complications pulmonaires après une chirurgie thoracique. Un total de 141 patients à risque de complications pulmonaires a été analysé, soit 72 dans le groupe SI + soins usuels et 69 dans le groupe soins usuels. L'incidence de complications pulmonaires était de 38,3%. Une diminution significative de l’atélectasie pulmonaire avec impact clinique a été observée chez le groupe SI + soins usuels en comparaison au groupe soins usuels (SI + soins usuels 9,7% vs soins usuels 23,2%, p = 0,031). L'impact semblait bénéficier davantage aux patients ayant eu une VATS ou lobectomie pulmonaire. Dans une analyse multivariée tenant compte des facteurs confondants, le groupe soins usuels développait plus d’atélectasie pulmonaire avec impact clinique que le groupe SI + soins usuels (OR 3,046, IC95% :1,108 - 8,372). L'incidence des autres complications pulmonaires était similaire entre les deux groupes. Le séjour hospitalier était de < 3 jours dans 34,7% du groupe SI + soins usuels et dans 20,3% du groupe soins usuels (p = 0,062). Donc, l'initiation de la spirométrie incitative en préopératoire chez les patients à risque de complications pulmonaires pourrait faire partie des stratégies de prévention utilisées en préhabilitation. / Although incentive spirometry (IS) is an integral part of perioperative care, its impact on pulmonary complications remains unclear, particularly when initiated preoperatively. In this randomized, single-blind prospective clinical study, the primary objective was to determine if a preoperative inspiratory exercise program based on IS had an impact on pulmonary complications after a thoracic surgery. A total of 141 patients at risk of pulmonary complications were analyzed, 72 in the IS + usual care group and 69 in the usual care group. In our study, the incidence of pulmonary complications was 38.3%. A significant decrease in pulmonary atelectasis with clinical impact was observed in the IS + usual care group compared to the usual care group (IS + usual care 9.7% vs usual care 23.2%, p = 0.031). The impact seemed to benefit patients who had a VATS or pulmonary lobectomy. In a multivariable analysis considering confounding factors, the usual care group developed more pulmonary atelectasis with clinical impact than the IS + usual care group (OR 3.046, 95%CI:1.108 - 8.372). The incidence of other pulmonary complications was similar between the two groups. The hospital stay was < 3 days in 34.7% of the IS + usual care group and in 20.3% of the usual care group (p = 0,062). In conclusion, the initiation of IS preoperatively in patients at risk of pulmonary complications could be part of the prevention strategies used in prehabilitation.