The paper decomposes average income differentials between Roma and non-Roma in South East Europe into the component that can be explained by group differences in income-related characteristics (characteristics effect), and the component which is due to differing returns to these characteristics (coefficients or discrimination effect). The decomposition analysis is based on Blinder (1973) and Oaxaca (1973) and uses three weighting matrices, reflecting the different assumptions about income structures that would prevail in the absence of discrimination. Heckman (1979) estimators control for selectivity bias. Using microdata from the 2004 UNDP household survey on Roma minorities, the paper finds that a large share of the average income differential between Roma and non-Roma is explained by human capital differences. Nevertheless, significant labour market discrimination is found in Kosovo for all weight specifications and in Bulgaria and Serbia for two weight specifications. (author's abstract)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:10:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaRMD_DISSERT.pdf: 938576 bytes, checksum: f835d4ce17ba788f9863a39ccb5543af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of migration on the income differential between northeastern migrants and nonmigrants and there by verify that the immigrants make up a group or not positively selected. The assumption that will be tested is that the presence of these immigrants affects income inequality in the region receptor, which may explain part of the high-stopping inequality in the Brazilian Northeast. The study is based on the literature selectivity migration introduced by Roy (1951), Borjas (1987) and Chiswick (1999). Does the estimated wage equation Mincer (1974) through the method of OLS, using information from the microdata sample of the 2010 Census, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The results which correspond to the comparison of socioeconomic profile, showed that immigrants are more qualified and, on average, better paid than non-migrants. With the estimation of the model, it was found that, keeping all other variables constant, the income that immigrants earn is 14.43% higher than that of non-migrants. Thus, there was existence of positive selectivity in migration directed to the Northeast / O objetivo desse estudo ? analisar o efeito da migra??o sobre o diferencial de renda entre os imigrantes e n?o-migrantes nordestinos e, com isso, verificar se os imigrantes comp?em ou n?o um grupo positivamente selecionado. O pressuposto que ser? testado ? o de que a presen?a desses imigrantes afeta a desigualdade de renda da regi?o receptora, o que pode explicar parte da elevada desigualdade deparada no Nordeste brasileiro. O estudo est? baseado na literatura de seletividade migrat?ria introduzida por Roy (1951), Borjas (1987) e Chiswick (1999). Ser? estimada a equa??o de sal?rios de Mincer (1974) por meio do M?todo de M?nimos Quadrados Ordin?rios, utilizando as informa??es dos microdados da amostra do Censo de 2010, do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat?stica (IBGE). Os resultados que correspondem ? compara??o do perfil socioecon?mico, mostraram que os imigrantes s?o mais qualificados e, em m?dia, mais bem pagos que os n?o-migrantes. Com a estima??o do modelo, verificou-se que, mantendo as demais vari?veis constantes, a renda que os imigrantes auferem ? 14,43% maior que a dos n?o-migrantes. Dessa forma, constatou-se exist?ncia de seletividade positiva nas migra??es dirigidas ? regi?o Nordeste

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-09-11T15:42:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Lorena de Sousa Brito - 2018.pdf: 1868414 bytes, checksum: a11b85a9c1a224332b1743a84d42f085 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-09-12T10:49:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Lorena de Sousa Brito - 2018.pdf: 1868414 bytes, checksum: a11b85a9c1a224332b1743a84d42f085 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-12T10:49:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Lorena de Sousa Brito - 2018.pdf: 1868414 bytes, checksum: a11b85a9c1a224332b1743a84d42f085 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-31 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / This dissertation has the main objective to analyze the possible existence of discrimination of the consumer against self-employed workers in Brazil. Assuming that the individuals most likely to suffer this type of discrimination are those who have more contact with customer in their work process (or who deal with image, success or beauty) a two-level visibility classification has been proposed. In this way, the self-employed were categorized by their skin color and degree of exposition of the occupation (or level of contact with the client), resulting in four comparison groups: high visibility caucasian, high visibility blacks and dark-skinned, low visibility caucasian and low visibility blacks and dark-skinned. The incomes were estimated for each of these groups through quantile regressions applied to the PNAD 2014 microdata. Subsequently, the quantum decomposition method was applied to income differentials to decompose on explained and unexplained components. The main results evidenced the presence of consumer discrimination, which is higher for individuals who have a high degree of contact with the customer. Other results show the predominance of black and dark-skinned individuals in low visibility functions. The distribution of caucasian presentes even greater average and variability than the distribution of non caucasian, a result that meets the theoretical model of consumer discrimination applied here. / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo principal analisar a eventual existência de discriminação do consumidor contra trabalhadores por conta própria no Brasil. Supondo que os indivíduos mais propensos a sofrer esse tipo de discriminação são aqueles que têm tem maior contato com clientes no seu processo de trabalho (ou que lidam com imagem, sucesso ou beleza) foi proposta uma classificação de visibilidade em dois níveis. Dessa forma, os trabalhadores por conta própria foram categorizados por cor e grau de visibilidade da ocupação (ou nível de contato com o cliente), resultando em quatro grupos de comparação: brancos de alta visibilidade, negros e pardos de alta visibilidade, brancos de baixa visibilidade e pretos e pardos de baixa visibilidade. Foram estimados rendimentos para cada um destes grupos através de regressões quantílicas aplicadas aos microdados da PNAD 2014. Posteriormente, foi empregado o método de decomposição quantílica aos diferenciais de rendimento para decompor em componentes explicado e não explicado. Os principais resultados evidenciam a presença de discriminação do consumidor, a qual é maior para os indivíduos que têm elevado grau de contato com o cliente. Outros resultados mostram a predominância de indivíduos pretos e pardos em funções de baixa visibilidade. A distribuição de rendimento dos brancos apresenta ainda maiores médias e maior variabilidade que a distribuição dos não brancos, resultado que vai ao encontro do modelo teórico de discriminação do consumidor aqui empregado.

This paper directs interest on country-specific labour market discrimination Roma may suffer in South East Europe. The study lies in the tradition of statistical Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis. We use microdata from UNDP's 2004 survey of Roma minorities, and apply a Bayesian approach, proposed by Keith and LeSage (2004), for the decomposition analysis of wage differentials. This approach is based on a robust Bayesian heteroscedastic linear regression model in conjunction with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation. The results obtained indicate the presence of labour market discrimination in Albania and Kosovo, but point to its absence in Bulgaria, Croatia, and Serbia. (authors' abstract)