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Decomposing Income Differentials Between Roma and Non-Roma in South East EuropeMilcher, Susanne January 2011 (has links) (PDF)
The paper decomposes average income differentials between Roma and non-Roma in
South East Europe into the component that can be explained by group differences in income-related
characteristics (characteristics effect), and the component which is due to differing returns to these
characteristics (coefficients or discrimination effect). The decomposition analysis is based on
Blinder (1973) and Oaxaca (1973) and uses three weighting matrices, reflecting the different
assumptions about income structures that would prevail in the absence of discrimination. Heckman
(1979) estimators control for selectivity bias. Using microdata from the 2004 UNDP household
survey on Roma minorities, the paper finds that a large share of the average income differential
between Roma and non-Roma is explained by human capital differences. Nevertheless, significant
labour market discrimination is found in Kosovo for all weight specifications and in Bulgaria and
Serbia for two weight specifications. (author's abstract)
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Migra??o e seletividade na regi?o nordeste: um estudo a partir dos dados do censo demogr?fico de 2010Dantas, Ana Raquel Matias 25 June 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-06-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of migration on the income differential
between northeastern migrants and nonmigrants and there by verify that the
immigrants make up a group or not positively selected. The assumption that will be
tested is that the presence of these immigrants affects income inequality in the
region receptor, which may explain part of the high-stopping inequality in the
Brazilian Northeast. The study is based on the literature selectivity migration
introduced by Roy (1951), Borjas (1987) and Chiswick (1999). Does the estimated
wage equation Mincer (1974) through the method of OLS, using information from
the microdata sample of the 2010 Census, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and
Statistics (IBGE). The results which correspond to the comparison of socioeconomic
profile, showed that immigrants are more qualified and, on average, better paid than
non-migrants. With the estimation of the model, it was found that, keeping all other
variables constant, the income that immigrants earn is 14.43% higher than that of
non-migrants. Thus, there was existence of positive selectivity in migration directed
to the Northeast / O objetivo desse estudo ? analisar o efeito da migra??o sobre o diferencial de
renda entre os imigrantes e n?o-migrantes nordestinos e, com isso, verificar se os
imigrantes comp?em ou n?o um grupo positivamente selecionado. O pressuposto
que ser? testado ? o de que a presen?a desses imigrantes afeta a desigualdade de
renda da regi?o receptora, o que pode explicar parte da elevada desigualdade
deparada no Nordeste brasileiro. O estudo est? baseado na literatura de
seletividade migrat?ria introduzida por Roy (1951), Borjas (1987) e Chiswick (1999).
Ser? estimada a equa??o de sal?rios de Mincer (1974) por meio do M?todo de
M?nimos Quadrados Ordin?rios, utilizando as informa??es dos microdados da
amostra do Censo de 2010, do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat?stica
(IBGE). Os resultados que correspondem ? compara??o do perfil socioecon?mico,
mostraram que os imigrantes s?o mais qualificados e, em m?dia, mais bem pagos
que os n?o-migrantes. Com a estima??o do modelo, verificou-se que, mantendo as
demais vari?veis constantes, a renda que os imigrantes auferem ? 14,43% maior
que a dos n?o-migrantes. Dessa forma, constatou-se exist?ncia de seletividade
positiva nas migra??es dirigidas ? regi?o Nordeste
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Consumidores discriminam trabalhadores por conta própria? Uma análise empírica para o ano de 2014 / Do consumers discriminate against self-employed workers? An empirical analysis for the year 2014Brito, Lorena de Sousa 31 August 2018 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2018-08-31 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / This dissertation has the main objective to analyze the possible existence of discrimination of the consumer against self-employed workers in Brazil. Assuming that the individuals most likely to suffer this type of discrimination are those who have more contact with customer in their work process (or who deal with image, success or beauty) a two-level visibility classification has been proposed. In this way, the self-employed were categorized by their skin color and degree of exposition of the occupation (or level of contact with the client), resulting in four comparison groups: high visibility caucasian, high visibility blacks and dark-skinned, low visibility caucasian and low visibility blacks and dark-skinned. The incomes were estimated for each of these groups through quantile regressions applied to the PNAD 2014 microdata. Subsequently, the quantum decomposition method was applied to income differentials to decompose on explained and unexplained components. The main results evidenced the presence of consumer discrimination, which is higher for individuals who have a high degree of contact with the customer. Other results show the predominance of black and dark-skinned individuals in low visibility functions. The distribution of caucasian presentes even greater average and variability than the distribution of non caucasian, a result that meets the theoretical model of consumer discrimination applied here. / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo principal analisar a eventual existência de discriminação do consumidor contra trabalhadores por conta própria no Brasil. Supondo que os indivíduos mais propensos a sofrer esse tipo de discriminação são aqueles que têm tem maior contato com clientes no seu processo de trabalho (ou que lidam com imagem, sucesso ou beleza) foi proposta uma classificação de visibilidade em dois níveis. Dessa forma, os trabalhadores por conta própria foram categorizados por cor e grau de visibilidade da ocupação (ou nível de contato com o cliente), resultando em quatro grupos de comparação: brancos de alta visibilidade, negros e pardos de alta visibilidade, brancos de baixa visibilidade e pretos e pardos de baixa visibilidade. Foram estimados rendimentos para cada um destes grupos através de regressões quantílicas aplicadas aos microdados da PNAD 2014. Posteriormente, foi empregado o método de decomposição quantílica aos diferenciais de rendimento para decompor em componentes explicado e não explicado. Os principais resultados evidenciam a presença de discriminação do consumidor, a qual é maior para os indivíduos que têm elevado grau de contato com o cliente. Outros resultados mostram a predominância de indivíduos pretos e pardos em funções de baixa visibilidade. A distribuição de rendimento dos brancos apresenta ainda maiores médias e maior variabilidade que a distribuição dos não brancos, resultado que vai ao encontro do modelo teórico de discriminação do consumidor aqui empregado.
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On labour market discrimination against Roma in South East EuropeMilcher, Susanne, Fischer, Manfred M. 10 1900 (has links) (PDF)
This paper directs interest on country-specific labour market discrimination Roma
may suffer in South East Europe. The study lies in the tradition of statistical Blinder-Oaxaca
decomposition analysis. We use microdata from UNDP's 2004 survey of Roma minorities,
and apply a Bayesian approach, proposed by Keith and LeSage (2004), for the decomposition
analysis of wage differentials. This approach is based on a robust Bayesian heteroscedastic
linear regression model in conjunction with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation.
The results obtained indicate the presence of labour market discrimination in Albania and
Kosovo, but point to its absence in Bulgaria, Croatia, and Serbia. (authors' abstract)
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