This study directly tests the relationship between income inequality and student mathematics achievement. Furthermore, I examine the degree to which the relationship between income inequality and student achievement is moderated by student SES. To test these relationships, I created a database of national wealth measures and linked it with student achievement data from the 2009 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). The results of multilevel models indicated that income inequality is negatively related to student achievement scores. Additionally, this relationship is not moderated by student SES, indicating that the relationship between income inequality and student achievement is the same for both low- and high-SES students. The results of this study suggest that nations seeking to improve student achievement can do so by decreasing income inequality.

This paper studies the relationship between corruption and poverty, public debt, and economic growth in the Gambia, to be estimated with data from 1992 to 2016 accessed from the World Bank database using the multiple regression analysis. While extensive literature has agreed on the damaging nature of corruption, not many have tested the relation between corruption and poverty, public debt and economic growth. This thesis intends to bridge the gap in the literature through contributing a study of the relationship of corruption and poverty, public debt, and economic growth in the Gambia during the time period 1996-2016. Results indicate that corruption has a positive statistical and significant relationship with poverty in Gambia. However, the relationship between corruption and economic growth and public debt are statically insignificant. In policy terms, the Gambia must increase the fight against corruption to make their public expenditure more productive and especially to minimise poverty.

This thesis examines the evolution of income inequality in Canada from 1997 to 2019 through the Gini coefficient and the share of income of the top 10% of income earners. These metrics are then used to evaluate whether there are any associations between income inequality and CO2 emissions. The results reveal that the Gini coefficient is negatively associated with CO2 emissions; however, no definitive conclusions can be drawn about the effect of income share. The implications of the results for the effect of economic policies (i.e., redistributive) on national climate commitments are then discussed. / Graduate

Economic inequality and its effects on income growth is a topic that has been researched extensively. Previous studies with the aim to determine the impact of income inequality on economic growth have functioned more as pointers than solid facts. This study contributes to the continued discussion within the growth economy by exploring the relationship between the growth rate of average income and income inequality using panel data of Swedish municipalities from 2000-2020. Produced independently, this study uses the Gini coefficient as a tool to measure the income inequality among all 290 municipalities in Sweden. The result from the panel estimation shows no clear effect on the impact of income inequalities on income growth. However, when endogeneity is considered a 2SLS regression with the age structure as an instrument variable is used, the estimation shows that income inequality at local level has a positive association to growth of average income. Coherent with earlier studies of income inequality among Swedish municipalities, the result implies that as income inequality increases between income groups, average municipality experiences increase in growth of average income. Furthermore, this disposition compares the estimated results to a system GMM estimation.

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京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(文学) / 甲第23638号 / 文博第895号 / 新制||文||717(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院文学研究科行動文化学専攻 / (主査)教授 太郎丸 博, 准教授 Heim Stephane, 准教授 柴田 悠 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Letters / Kyoto University / DGAM