This study examines the history and culture of the Odawa people from their prehistory until the present time. This paper looks at a creation story of the Odawa to see how they perceived their own beginnings. Following this, there is an examination of the prehistory, protohistory and history of this people. The section on the history of this people is broken up into three major periods---French, British and American. In the course of this examination, it is discovered that they were originally part of the loosely structured Anishnaabeg (People), or the Ojibwa, Odawa and Potawatomi, which were made up of separate bands. They then coalesced into the Odawa, primarily under the influences of European contact. Finally, in the American period, they split into two main groupings---the Great Lakes and Oklahoma. This paper explores why the Oklahoma group ended up acculturated while the Great Lakes bands retained their culture. / Department of Anthropology

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 349-361). / Also available by subscription via World Wide Web / xi, 361 leaves, bound 29 cm

This dissertation is a detailed study of Chickasaw removal, based on correspondence and other documents from the period 1794-1844. In addition to National Archives microfilm, information has been gathered from correspondence sent by the Office of Indian Affairs and miscellaneous Chickasaw records of the period, both collections located at the National Archives. A thorough investigation has been conducted into the communications between the Chickasaw Nation and the United States Department of War. An attempt was made to include the opinions expressed by Chickasaw leaders, American field personnel, and Department of War officials involved during this period. Thus, the major sources consulted include the letters of the Office of Indian Affairs which were either to, from, or about the Chickasaw.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-14T15:34:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Elba Monique Chagas da Cunha.pdf: 1667190 bytes, checksum: 73b2f8d22ef200dc4fab3497b1eccb06 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-14T15:34:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elba Monique Chagas da Cunha.pdf: 1667190 bytes, checksum: 73b2f8d22ef200dc4fab3497b1eccb06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / In the middle of eighteenth century, there was a politics change that was planned by Francisco Xavier de Mendonça Furtado, the Governor of Grão-Pará do Maranhão between Portuguese crown to the Indians that was considered in a single law which is knowed for the historiography for the Indians Directory or for the Pombalino directory. Some studies show us that pombalinas reforms in the Brazil have basically three points: economic, political-administrative, cultural-teaching. In the captaincy of Pernambuco, furthermore theses three aims, the directory was responsible for bring “peace” and “stillness” to the unrefined backwoods that was considered a cattleman region linked with the main colonial mercantile activities, did not enjoy stability and tranquility desired by society and crown. In this period, there are news about Indians groups like: Paraquió, Xocó, Mangueza, Pipãe and others, causing destruction to cattle farms of the region, creating panic and instability in the towns and villages. These Indian incursions woks like a strategic to the implantation of the new Indians politics that view incorporate or reincorporate the Indians divided in villages established, become this villages controlled by the government. At this assignment we will discuss the process of implantation of new Indian politics trying to understand how the natives living with the social force that tried to control them with this news politics and how the backwoods of Pernambuco become ,from the action of this Indians that participated of the change, making conflicts and alliances like a resistance way, as well as understand the process of developed of people already organized in villages had helped in the implementation of the new guidelines. / Em meados do Século XVIII, houve uma mudança na política planejada por Francisco Xavier de Mendonça Furtado, Governador de Grão-Pará do Maranhão junto com a Coroa Portuguesa para os indígenas que foi compilada em uma única lei conhecida pela Historiografia pelo Diretório dos Índios ou pelo Diretório Pombalino. Estudiosos apontam que as reformas pombalinas no Brasil tinham basicamente três pontos fundamentais: o econômico, o político-administrativo e o cultural-pedagógico. Na Capitania de Pernambuco, além destes três objetivos, o Diretório foi responsável por trazer a “paz” e “tranquilidade” aos incultos sertões que, apesar de ser considerada uma região pecuarista integrada as principais atividades mercantis coloniais, não usufruía da estabilidade e tranquilidade almejada pela sociedade e pela Coroa. Nesse período, têm-se notícias de grupos indígenas como os Paraquió, Xocó, Mangueza, Pipãe, dentre outros, causando destruição a fazendas de gado da região, gerando pânico e instabilidades para as vilas e povoados. Estas incursões indígenas serviram como justificativa para a implantação da nova política indigenista que visava incorporar e/ou reincorporar os índios em aldeamentos estabelecidos, transformando-os em vilas controladas pelo Estado.

It has been the purpose of this study to look closely at the history of Cherokee relations with the European powers and ascertain the reasons for the Indians' rarely severed loyalty to the British crown. The writer has attempted to determine the causes for ineffective Cherokee resistance to the westward movement of American settlers and absence of offensive action during the Revolution.

This thesis is an examination of the reaction of a human population to a new and disturbing environment. It deals with the disintegration of the aboriginal Indian culture of northern Mendocino County under the influence of American settlers and military personnel. As such it is concerned with the factors and responses inherent in, and resulting from the interaction of two civilizations, the one old and static, the other ew and dynamic.

The early economic and social development of Fort Lauderdale began in the late nineteenth century. Today’s well-known Stranahan House in downtown Fort Lauderdale was originally the Stranahan Trading Post and General Store, which was in operation from 1894 to 1906. Adjacent to this building was a campground, which was used by early Florida white settlers and Seminole Indians. This thesis presents a study of 204 whole glass bottles recovered from the Stranahan campground archaeological site (8BD259). The analysis confirms that a greater proportion of the bottles were used when the property was a campsite. Moreover, soda/mineral water, not alcohol, was the more common type of beverage consumed at the site during this time. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2015. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Archaeologists grapple with the problematic nature of archaeological discovery. Certain types of sites are difficult to see even in the best environmental conditions (e.g., low-density lithic scatters) and performing traditional archaeological survey is challenging in some environments, such as the dense temperate rain forests of the Pacific Northwest. Archaeologists need another method of survey to assess large areas and overcome environmental and archaeological barriers to site discovery in regions like the Pacific Northwest. LiDAR (light detection and ranging) technology, a method for digitally clearing away swaths of vegetation and surveying the landscape, is one possible solution to some of these archaeological problems. The Calapooia Watershed in the southern Willamette Valley in Oregon is an ideal area to focus LiDAR's unique archaeological capabilities, as the region is heavily wooded and known to contain hundreds of low-lying earthwork features or mounds. Modern Indigenous Communities, such as the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde, consider the Willamette Valley mound sites highly sensitive locations, as ethnographic accounts and limited archaeological work indicate that some are burial sites. However, these mounds have received little archaeological study. Land ownership (94 percent privately owned), dense vegetation that obscures mounds, and the sheer expanse of the landscape (234,000 acres) have impeded professional archaeological research. The focus of this thesis is the development and the testing of a LiDAR and remote sensing predictive model to see if this type of model can detect where potential mound sites are located in the Calapooia Watershed, Oregon. The author created a LiDAR and remote sensing predictive model using ArcMap 10.5.1, LiDAR, and publicly available aerial imagery; manipulating data using standard hydrological tools in ArcMap. The resulting model was successful in locating extant previously identified mound sites. The author then conducted field work and determined that the model was also successful in identifying seven new, previously unrecorded mound sites in the watershed. The author also identified several possible patterns in mound location and characteristics through exploratory model analysis and fieldwork; this exploratory analysis highlights areas for future mound research. This project has clearly established a method and a model appropriate for archaeological mound prospection in the Willamette Valley. This project also shows the efficacy of LiDAR predictive models and feature extraction methods for archaeological work, which can be modified for use in other regions of the Pacific Northwest and beyond. Furthermore, by identifying these mounds I have laid the groundwork for future studies that may continue to shed light on why and how people created these mounds, which will add valuable information to a poorly understood site type and cultural practice.

The following study examined leadership characteristics of a modern leader of the Cherokee Nation, Ross O. Swimmer, during his three elections as Principal Chief, 1975-1985. Few Western scholars paid attention to the Cherokee Tribe after the break-up of institutions legislated by the federal Indian policy of Allotment. The position of the government was, the Cherokee Tribe no longer existed. For almost seventy years, no form of Cherokee leadership was visible; no Cherokee government existed. Federal Indian policy changed again, allowing tribes to elect their own leaders. This study began filling in gaps of missing information on modern Cherokee leadership by examining Swimmer’s leadership characteristics. The study attempted to add to the body of leadership knowledge by mining minds and memories, searching for the meaning of leadership from a modern Cherokee perspective. The three questions guiding the study were: what were the leadership characteristics of Principal Chief Ross O. Swimmer; to what extent did these leadership characteristics reflect traditional Cherokee leadership characteristics; and from a tribal perspective, did these make a difference, and to what extent? The data indicate seven Swimmer leadership characteristics: Visionary, Goal Oriented, Bureaucratic, Top-Down, Authoritarian, Delegator, and Communicator. There was inconsistency with Swimmer’s use of traditional leadership practices. Swimmer used a combination of traditional Cherokee, traditional Native American, and Anglo-European-American leadership characteristics during his three terms as Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation. Two possible explanations for Swimmer’s blending leadership characteristics from varying models were suggested. First, given his bi-cultural heritage, Swimmer could navigate back and forth between the mainstream White culture and the traditional Cherokee culture, to pick and choose various types of leadership characteristics. Second, adaptability has always been a unique characteristic of the Cherokee people. Cherokee leaders frequently applied the feature of borrowing from White culture in order to adapt and survive. Swimmer accomplished many of his goals for the Cherokee people and set the Nation on a path of growth and stability. His methods were not without criticism from traditional Cherokees. However, Swimmer built the foundation for a corporate government that instilled pride in the Cherokee people and provided opportunity for self-sufficiency. / text

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