No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alberta, 2000. / Description based on print version record. "A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History, Department of History and Classics." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 342-374).

Thesis (B.S.)--University of Wisconsin -- La Crosse, 2009. / Also available online. Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-49).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Colorado. / Title from t.p. image (viewed Feb. 20, 2009). Publication No. AAT 6913399. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 1993. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 256-275). Also available via Internet as PDF file through Southern Oregon Digital Archives: http://soda.sou.edu. Search First Nations/Tribal Collection.

Both the use of and jurisdiction over fisheries resources is an important issue for many First Nations in British Columbia. Historically, fish played an important spiritual, social and economic role in numerous Aboriginal societies. These societies had various methods of managing the resource and, although they had the technological capacity to over-exploit the fisheries, they were able to maintain sustainable levels of fish. Following contact with European settlers, Aboriginal fishers were initially able to continue their traditional methods of fishing as well as expand their use of the fisheries through trade with non- Aboriginals. However, with the opening of the canneries on the coast the fisheries grew in economic importance to non-Aboriginal fishers and management of the resource was gradually but systematically taken over by the state, with various ideologies being used to justify the take-over. Aboriginal fishers lost not only their control over management of the resource, but also their ability to use it as extensively as they once had. Over the years, Aboriginal participation in both the food and commercial fisheries has declined although various government-sponsored programs have been initiated to attempt, with only partial success, to remedy this problem. In the meantime, the Department of Fisheries and Oceans has been battling other problems in the commercial fisheries, including over-capitalization of the fleet and depletion of fish stocks. Management of salmon in particular, because it is an anadromous species which travels through several different jurisdictions, has become extremely complex. It is in this context that much litigation over Aboriginal fishing has been launched. Only a few of the issues have been clarified by the judgments which have resulted and certain myths and ideologies have surfaced repeatedly in many of the decisions. It is likely that the recent decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada on Aboriginal commercial and management rights will result in increased complexity and political controversy. However, problems of fisheries management, including the accommodation of Aboriginal interests, is not unique to British Columbia or even Canada. Similar problems have been experienced elsewhere in the world and various types of co-management regimes have been established in various jurisdictions in an attempt to deal with some of these issues and to recognize a greater role for Aboriginal fishers and communities in fisheries management. It is not clear whether, and to what extent, comanagement will be adopted in British Columbia, or what the role of Aboriginal fishers might be in such a regime. Even if co-management is established, it is highly probable that the state's underlying regulatory regime will remain intact. However, co-management may result in increased Aboriginal participation in both the use and management of the resource. / Law, Peter A. Allard School of / Graduate

On the broadest level this dissertation makes a methodological statement about the design of regional research in archaeology, especially for Cultural Resource Management. It advocates by example a revised concept and set of requirements for regional research design. This revision views regional research design as something different from project-specific design. Regional research design requires the archaeologist focus on the total research potential of a region, rather than those problems that fascinate an individual. The regional research design resembles an overview in taking this perspective, but differs by providing an archaeological research program. This program specifies how the potential of an area relates to the coordination of research effort between projects, the assessment of archaeological significance and the integration of small projects. At no time is the regional research design a cookbook. It can never realize the unique potential of a specific project, nor specify exact techniques for field work. A regional research design for southwestern Arizona provides the empirical illustration of the revised concept and requirements. As is typical of most CRM research, this area does not equate to either a physiographic or cultural unit but rather results from the Bureau of Land Management and the National Forest Service's division of Arizona into Class I overview units. The core of this research design is a synthesis of the environment, ethnography, and archaeology of the region. This synthesis and an historical consideration of archaeological research in the area provides the basis for identifying the major scientific issues which archaeologists have (or can) addressed in the region. This leads to the development of a research program for southwestern Arizona. The research program specifies a minimal representative data set that all projects in the region should collect.

No description available.

This thesis provides a model for understanding how social classes arose in the Gulf of Georgia area. This model distinguishes how social status in rank and a class societies are manifested and maintained in non-state, kin-based societies, drawing mainly from ethnographic descriptions. The relationship between the living and the dead for making status claims in both rank and class societies makes the archaeological study of mortuary ritual important for investigating these relationships. I propose that burial mounds and cairns, which were prominent in the region from 1500 to 1000 years ago, reflect a time when status differentiation was defined mainly through social rank. Following this period, when all forms of below-ground burials cease and above-ground graves become the dominant form of mortuary practice, I propose that the historically recorded pattern of social class emerged. Archaeological investigations of the burial mounds and cairns at the Scowlitz site have provided the first fully reported instances of mound and cairn burials in this region. Using less well reported data from over 150 additional burial mounds and cairns reported from other sites in the region, evidence for the nature of status differentiation sought out. Patterns in the burial record are investigated through discussing variation within classes of burials, demography and deposition, spatial patterning, grave goods, and temporal variation. These patterns and changes are then discussed within the context of the larger culture history of the region, suggesting that the late Marpole or Garrison sub-phase may be defined as ending around 1000 BP with the cessation of below-ground burial practices. The general patterns observed in mound and cairn burials and the changes in mortuary ritual subsequent to their being built generally support the idea of a shift from a rank to a class society. The thesis provides a basis for further investigation of questions of social status and inequality in the Gulf of Georgia region. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate