Thesis (M.Env.St.)--University of Adelaide, Mawson Graduate Centre for Environmental Studies, 1999. / Bibliography: leaves 102-108.

No description available.

Thesis(MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Ottawa, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-99).

Environmental issues have gained importance due to global environmental threat, such as depletion of energy resources and the impacts of climate change. The building sector is responsible for almost half of the impacts on the environment. Hence, this study focuses on the importance of environmental impacts of building materials. In this regard, firstly, sustainability indicators for building materials were determined and the environmental impacts of selected building materials were studied. Then, the evaluation system BREEAM and the evaluation software BEES were selected and used to evaluate one block of bachelor flats and one of housing units in ODTUKENT, which is located in the Middle East Technical University campus in Ankara, Turkey. Building materials used for the construction of walls, floors and roofs were evaluated according to the indicators accepted by BREEAM and BEES. The results for both units were compared and it was seen that the block of bachelor flats takes lower ratings than the triplex unit for BREEAM and also lower values for BEES. Therefore, the block of bachelor flats has less environmental impact than the triplex unit. While evaluating the materials an exact match for all the materials used in the case buildings could not be found in these tools. Hence, it was not possible to exact results for these materials. In this regard, countries should determine their own evaluation indicators and develop their evaluation systems.

A integração da sustentabilidade ambiental junto à responsabilidade social tem sido cada vez mais o foco de inúmeras discussões de âmbito mundial. Assim com a expansão deste conceito, a valorização do colaborador e a preservação do meio ambiente ganham importância como instrumento de gestão, não apenas para aderir à legislação, mas também para aprimorar a qualidade, a competitividade e as reivindicações da comunidade. Deste modo, os indicadores, como ferramenta de apoio, buscam atender as observâncias através de informações que mensuram e apontam à postura socioambiental a expectativas empresariais. Neste contexto, este estudo aponta a necessidade da proposição de indicadores globais que integrados e sistêmicos auxiliem no gerenciamento empresarial cujos resultados primem pelo desenvolvimento de maneira convergente à sustentabilidade nas diversas áreas que compõem a indústria de fornecimento de insumos para o refino de petróleo. Com a utilização de questionário sobre relevância e disponibilidade dos dados sobre os indicadores e através da metodologia da Soma ponderada foi organizada uma priorização entre os indicadores levantados na empresa, contíguo à proposição de indicadores de responsabilidade social. Em seguida, foram elaborados os respectivos indicadores globais: sustentabilidade ambiental e desempenho ambiental. Destarte, são recomendadas maiores pesquisas para o desenvolvimento contínuo dos indicadores globais, além da implantação de indicadores de responsabilidade social, a fim de contribuir ao posicionamento teórico e avaliação das atuações práticas / The integration of environmental sustainability with social responsibility has increasingly been the focus of numerous discussions worldwide. The appreciation of the worker and environmental preservation gain importance as a management tool, not only to fulfill the law, but also to improve quality, competitiveness and demands of society. The social and environmental indicators as a tool of support, seek to meet the needs of social and environmental information with business expectations. In this context, this study highlights the need for the proposition that global indicators integrated and systemic assist in managing business results excel for the development of convergent way to sustainability in the various areas that make up the industry in supplying inputs for petroleum refining. With the use of a questionnaire on relevance and availability of data on indicators and using the methodology of the weighted sum was organized a priority between the indicators surveyed in the company, adjacent to the proposition of indicators of social responsibility. Were then prepared their global indicators: environmental sustainability and social responsibility. Thus, larger studies are recommended for the continued development of global indicators to contribute to positioning theory and evaluation of practical performances

A integração da sustentabilidade ambiental junto à responsabilidade social tem sido cada vez mais o foco de inúmeras discussões de âmbito mundial. Assim com a expansão deste conceito, a valorização do colaborador e a preservação do meio ambiente ganham importância como instrumento de gestão, não apenas para aderir à legislação, mas também para aprimorar a qualidade, a competitividade e as reivindicações da comunidade. Deste modo, os indicadores, como ferramenta de apoio, buscam atender as observâncias através de informações que mensuram e apontam à postura socioambiental a expectativas empresariais. Neste contexto, este estudo aponta a necessidade da proposição de indicadores globais que integrados e sistêmicos auxiliem no gerenciamento empresarial cujos resultados primem pelo desenvolvimento de maneira convergente à sustentabilidade nas diversas áreas que compõem a indústria de fornecimento de insumos para o refino de petróleo. Com a utilização de questionário sobre relevância e disponibilidade dos dados sobre os indicadores e através da metodologia da Soma ponderada foi organizada uma priorização entre os indicadores levantados na empresa, contíguo à proposição de indicadores de responsabilidade social. Em seguida, foram elaborados os respectivos indicadores globais: sustentabilidade ambiental e desempenho ambiental. Destarte, são recomendadas maiores pesquisas para o desenvolvimento contínuo dos indicadores globais, além da implantação de indicadores de responsabilidade social, a fim de contribuir ao posicionamento teórico e avaliação das atuações práticas / The integration of environmental sustainability with social responsibility has increasingly been the focus of numerous discussions worldwide. The appreciation of the worker and environmental preservation gain importance as a management tool, not only to fulfill the law, but also to improve quality, competitiveness and demands of society. The social and environmental indicators as a tool of support, seek to meet the needs of social and environmental information with business expectations. In this context, this study highlights the need for the proposition that global indicators integrated and systemic assist in managing business results excel for the development of convergent way to sustainability in the various areas that make up the industry in supplying inputs for petroleum refining. With the use of a questionnaire on relevance and availability of data on indicators and using the methodology of the weighted sum was organized a priority between the indicators surveyed in the company, adjacent to the proposition of indicators of social responsibility. Were then prepared their global indicators: environmental sustainability and social responsibility. Thus, larger studies are recommended for the continued development of global indicators to contribute to positioning theory and evaluation of practical performances

Com a população mundial prevista para chegar a 9 bilhões de pessoas durante o século 21, ocorre também o aumento na demanda de carne bovina, que segue acompanhado de aumento no consumo de recursos naturais do planeta. Entre os impactos causados pelo aumento da demanda está uma atmosfera que se aquece pelas emissões de gases do efeito estufa. Em vista disso, a busca de eficiência tecnológica no uso de recursos torna-se um alvo, porém tratado de forma secundária pelo segmento. Considerando as possibilidades atuais e futuras da produção e consumo global de carne bovina, quatro cenários prospectivos podem surgir para 2040, os quais envolvem a tecnologia de diferentes formas. Logo, essa pesquisa respondeu a pergunta: Quais cenários plausíveis de produção e consumo global sustentável de carne bovina podem ser projetados para 2040? Para responder a essa pergunta e atingir os objetivos de pesquisa, foi desenvolvida uma inédita metodologia, composta por quatro distintas fases. Como fator preponderante para a resposta de pesquisa, foi desenvolvido um modelo prospectivo, o qual identifica um padrão global sustentável de produção e consumo de carne bovina para 2040. Através do modelo, foram desenvolvidos quatro cenários prospectivos para a produção e consumo global da pecuária bovina de corte: um cenário que contempla a atual produção, consumo e tecnologia; três cenários que incluem avanços tecnológicos, projeção de demanda, população e Pib per capita. Através do modelo e de seus respectivos cenários, foi possível analisar que há embora hajam diferentes níveis de produção e consumo global, é possível buscar de forma efetiva a sustentabilidade global mediante a mudança de eficiência no uso de recursos naturais, avanços tecnológicos e a implementação de políticas públicas de produção. Através da pesquisa também foi possível perceber que a aplicação de técnicas de cenários prospectivos são de suma importância para avanços acadêmicos e a tomada de decisão de gestores. / The world population is expected to reach 9 billion people during the 21st century; therefore, there is an increase in the demand for bovine meat, which is accompanied by an increase in the consumption of natural resources of the planet. Among the impacts caused by this rising demand is an atmosphere that is heating up by greenhouse gas emissions. In view of this, the search for technological efficiency in the use of resources becomes a target, but it is treated in a secondary way by the segment. Therefore, this research answered the question: What plausible scenarios of sustainable global bovine meat production and consumption can be projected for 2040? To answer this question and achieve the research objectives, an unprecedented methodology was developed, composed of four distinct phases. As a preponderant factor for the research response, a prospective model was developed, which identifies a sustainable global pattern of beef production and consumption by 2040. Through the model, four prospective scenarios were developed for the global production and consumption of bovine livestock Of cut: a scenario that contemplates the current production, consumption and technology; Three scenarios that include technological advances, projection of demand, population and GDP per capita. Through the model and their respective scenarios, it was possible to analyze that although there are different levels of global production and consumption, it is possible to effectively seek global sustainability through a change in efficiency in the use of natural resources, technological advances and the implementation of Public production policies. The research also made possible to notice that the application of techniques of prospective scenarios are of paramount importance for academic advances and the decision making of managers.

Com a população mundial prevista para chegar a 9 bilhões de pessoas durante o século 21, ocorre também o aumento na demanda de carne bovina, que segue acompanhado de aumento no consumo de recursos naturais do planeta. Entre os impactos causados pelo aumento da demanda está uma atmosfera que se aquece pelas emissões de gases do efeito estufa. Em vista disso, a busca de eficiência tecnológica no uso de recursos torna-se um alvo, porém tratado de forma secundária pelo segmento. Considerando as possibilidades atuais e futuras da produção e consumo global de carne bovina, quatro cenários prospectivos podem surgir para 2040, os quais envolvem a tecnologia de diferentes formas. Logo, essa pesquisa respondeu a pergunta: Quais cenários plausíveis de produção e consumo global sustentável de carne bovina podem ser projetados para 2040? Para responder a essa pergunta e atingir os objetivos de pesquisa, foi desenvolvida uma inédita metodologia, composta por quatro distintas fases. Como fator preponderante para a resposta de pesquisa, foi desenvolvido um modelo prospectivo, o qual identifica um padrão global sustentável de produção e consumo de carne bovina para 2040. Através do modelo, foram desenvolvidos quatro cenários prospectivos para a produção e consumo global da pecuária bovina de corte: um cenário que contempla a atual produção, consumo e tecnologia; três cenários que incluem avanços tecnológicos, projeção de demanda, população e Pib per capita. Através do modelo e de seus respectivos cenários, foi possível analisar que há embora hajam diferentes níveis de produção e consumo global, é possível buscar de forma efetiva a sustentabilidade global mediante a mudança de eficiência no uso de recursos naturais, avanços tecnológicos e a implementação de políticas públicas de produção. Através da pesquisa também foi possível perceber que a aplicação de técnicas de cenários prospectivos são de suma importância para avanços acadêmicos e a tomada de decisão de gestores. / The world population is expected to reach 9 billion people during the 21st century; therefore, there is an increase in the demand for bovine meat, which is accompanied by an increase in the consumption of natural resources of the planet. Among the impacts caused by this rising demand is an atmosphere that is heating up by greenhouse gas emissions. In view of this, the search for technological efficiency in the use of resources becomes a target, but it is treated in a secondary way by the segment. Therefore, this research answered the question: What plausible scenarios of sustainable global bovine meat production and consumption can be projected for 2040? To answer this question and achieve the research objectives, an unprecedented methodology was developed, composed of four distinct phases. As a preponderant factor for the research response, a prospective model was developed, which identifies a sustainable global pattern of beef production and consumption by 2040. Through the model, four prospective scenarios were developed for the global production and consumption of bovine livestock Of cut: a scenario that contemplates the current production, consumption and technology; Three scenarios that include technological advances, projection of demand, population and GDP per capita. Through the model and their respective scenarios, it was possible to analyze that although there are different levels of global production and consumption, it is possible to effectively seek global sustainability through a change in efficiency in the use of natural resources, technological advances and the implementation of Public production policies. The research also made possible to notice that the application of techniques of prospective scenarios are of paramount importance for academic advances and the decision making of managers.

This cumulative dissertation is based on the hypothesis that environmental impacts arising from human activities, i.e. exploitation of natural resources, production of goods, use, and disposal, can affect different ecosystems of varying sensitivities due to global production and trade flows. In a holistic environmental assessment it would therefore be ideal to consider the whole life cycle of a product together with the ecosystems affected. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is the dominant method for assessing the environmental impacts of a product or service in relation to its functional unit and designed to cover the entire life cycle. However, an LCA model is usually a simplified and abstract picture of the reality applying steady‐state, linear modeling, and respecting spatial and temporal variabilities in natural processes only to a limited extent. This dissertation therefore applies methodologies that go beyond traditional LCA by extending or combining LCA with other interdisciplinary approaches. This cumulative dissertation consists of five research articles that explore the life cycle of three future technologies while taking site‐dependent aspects into account. Since the introduction of future technologies does not depend solely on a positive environmental assessment, the economic dimension of sustainability was also examined where feasible. Articles I and II address the environmental evaluation of wood as a regional resource: first in a conceptual approach based on a systematic literature review and, second, in a case study applying life cycle assessment, comparison of ecosystems, and eco‐design principles. In article III, the benefits of avoiding food waste were investigated for a regional black currant juice production in Germany by applying material flow cost accounting and carbon footprinting. Findings were translated into monetary and ecological metrics to raise awareness and support decision making among juice producers. Articles IV and V set out the challenges of implementing electromobility in public urban transport systems. Due to high investment costs for electric busses and the lack of adequate charging infrastructure available in public spaces, it is imperative to improve the knowledge base for planning and investment decisions. Life cycle assessment and life cycle costing were used in an integrative way to evaluate mobility alternatives for a transport provider in Dresden, while an environmental impact assessment and GIS analysis of existing bus lines revealed routes with a high environmental relief potential if electromobility were to be introduced there. / Die kumulative Dissertation basiert auf der Annahme, dass Umweltauswirkungen durch menschliche Aktivitäten aufgrund globaler Produktion und Handelsströme verschiedene Ökosysteme mit unterschiedlicher Empfindlichkeit beeinflussen können, sei es durch den Abbau natürlicher Ressourcen oder durch die Produktion, Nutzung und Entsorgung von Gütern. Bei einer ganzheitlichen Umweltbewertung wäre es daher ideal, den gesamten Lebenszyklus eines Produkts zusammen mit den betroffenen Ökosystemen zu betrachten. Die Ökobilanz ist die dominierende Methode zur Bewertung der Umweltauswirkungen eines Produkts oder einer Dienstleistung in Bezug auf die funktionelle Einheit und über den gesamten Lebenszyklus. Ein Ökobilanz‐Modell ist in der Regel jedoch nur ein vereinfachtes und abstraktes Bild der Realität, das eine stationäre, lineare Modellierung anwendet und räumliche und zeitliche Variabilität in natürlichen Prozessen nur begrenzt berücksichtigt. Diese Dissertation wendet daher Methoden an, die über die traditionelle Ökobilanz hinausgehen, indem sie diese mit anderen interdisziplinären Ansätzen erweitert oder kombiniert. Die kumulative Dissertation besteht aus fünf Forschungsarbeiten, die den Lebenszyklus von drei Zukunftstechnologien unter Berücksichtigung standortabhängiger Aspekte untersuchen. Da die Einführung von Zukunftstechnologien nicht nur von einer positive Umweltbewertung abhängt, wurde auch die wirtschaftliche Dimension der Nachhaltigkeit untersucht, wo dies sinnvoll und möglich war. Artikel I und II befassen sich mit der Umweltbewertung von Holz als regionaler Ressource, zum einen in einem konzeptionellen Ansatz, der auf einer systematischen Literaturrecherche basiert, und zum anderen in einer Fallstudie, in der die Ökobilanzierung, ein Vergleich von Waldökosystemen und Ökodesign‐Prinzipien parallel angewendet wurden. In Artikel III wurden die Vorteile der Vermeidung von Lebensmittelabfällen für eine regionale Produktion von Johannisbeersaft in Deutschland unter Anwendung der Materialflusskostenanalyse und des Kohlendioxid(CO2)‐Fußabdrucks untersucht. Die Ergebnisse wurden in monetäre und ökologische Kennzahlen umgesetzt, um das Bewusstsein zu schärfen und die Entscheidungsfindung bei den Fruchtsaftherstellern zu unterstützen. In Artikel IV und V werden die Herausforderungen bei der Umsetzung der Elektromobilität in öffentlichen Nahverkehrssystemen dargestellt. Aufgrund der hohen Investitionskosten für Elektrobusse und fehlender Ladeinfrastruktur im öffentlichen Raum ist es unerlässlich, die Wissensbasis für Planungs‐ und Investitionsentscheidungen zu verbessern. Die Ökobilanz und die Lebenszykluskostenrechnung wurden zur Bewertung von Mobilitätsalternativen für einen Verkehrsdienstleister in Dresden eingesetzt. Eine zusätzlich durchgeführte lokale Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung bestehender Buslinien ergab ein hohes Umweltentlastungspotenzial, wenn Elektromobilität eingeführt würde.