What are the tensions, alliances, negotiations, and translations underlying the traffic of cultural representations in markets? This research analyzes two economic projects maintained by the Yawanawa, an indigenous population from the southwestern Amazon: one project produces annatto seeds for an American cosmetic firm, and the other involves the public performance of cultural and, notably, spiritual practices. The indigenization of market practices and specific Euro-American categories - such as monetary exchange, environmental protection, and cultural difference - allow cultural elements to be translated into representations of enduring cultures, harmonious lifestyles and good environmental practices. The economic valuation of cultural representations is being used as a new tool in local conflicts that occur internally among leaders and groups in their quest for prestige, loyalty, and material resources, and externally with the region\'s non-native population and with national initiatives to develop profitable activities in the Amazon. Part of our global market society, the Yawanawa can also employ the demand and valuation of representations associated with their culture to individual projects on the construction of reputation and leadership, and more broadly, to the reassertion of their collective identity as a specific indigenous population with special rights. This research explores market exchange as an arena of complex sociability and conflict. It analyzes how values are created and exchanged within the market in a true cultural economy, and how individual and collective identity projects are constructed, challenged, and sometimes reproduced by the traffic of material and immaterial objects. / Quais são as tensões, alianças, negociações e traduções que subjazem ao tráfico de representações culturais no mercado? Esta pesquisa analisa dois projetos de inserção no mercado dos Yawanawá, população indígena do sudoeste amazônico: um projeto para produção de sementes de urucum para uma empresa estadunidense de cosméticos, e outro que envolve a exibição pública de práticas culturais, notadamente espirituais. A indigenização de práticas de mercado e categorias específicas da cultura Euro-Americana tais como o intercâmbio monetário, a proteção ambiental e a diferença cultural permitem a tradução de elementos culturais em estilos de vida harmoniosos e boas práticas ambientais. A valorização econômica de representações culturais é utilizada internamente como um novo instrumento em conflitos locais entre líderes e grupos em sua busca por prestígio, lealdade e recursos materiais e, externamente, junto à população regional e nacional não-nativa como contraponto a outras iniciativas para o desenvolvimento de atividades lucrativas na Amazônia. Parte de nossa sociedade global de mercado, os Yawanawa também podem empregar a demanda e valorização de representações associadas à sua cultura em projetos individuais de construção de reputação e liderança, e mais amplamente, para a reafirmação de sua identidade coletiva, como uma população indígena com direitos especiais. Esta pesquisa explora a troca mercantil como uma arena de sociabilidade complexa e conflituosa. Ela analisa como valores são criados e intercambiados no mercado em uma verdadeira economia cultural, e como projetos de identidade individual e coletiva são construídos, questionados e, às vezes, reproduzidos por meio do tráfico de objetos materiais e imateriais.

What are the tensions, alliances, negotiations, and translations underlying the traffic of cultural representations in markets? This research analyzes two economic projects maintained by the Yawanawa, an indigenous population from the southwestern Amazon: one project produces annatto seeds for an American cosmetic firm, and the other involves the public performance of cultural and, notably, spiritual practices. The indigenization of market practices and specific Euro-American categories - such as monetary exchange, environmental protection, and cultural difference - allow cultural elements to be translated into representations of enduring cultures, harmonious lifestyles and good environmental practices. The economic valuation of cultural representations is being used as a new tool in local conflicts that occur internally among leaders and groups in their quest for prestige, loyalty, and material resources, and externally with the region\'s non-native population and with national initiatives to develop profitable activities in the Amazon. Part of our global market society, the Yawanawa can also employ the demand and valuation of representations associated with their culture to individual projects on the construction of reputation and leadership, and more broadly, to the reassertion of their collective identity as a specific indigenous population with special rights. This research explores market exchange as an arena of complex sociability and conflict. It analyzes how values are created and exchanged within the market in a true cultural economy, and how individual and collective identity projects are constructed, challenged, and sometimes reproduced by the traffic of material and immaterial objects. / Quais são as tensões, alianças, negociações e traduções que subjazem ao tráfico de representações culturais no mercado? Esta pesquisa analisa dois projetos de inserção no mercado dos Yawanawá, população indígena do sudoeste amazônico: um projeto para produção de sementes de urucum para uma empresa estadunidense de cosméticos, e outro que envolve a exibição pública de práticas culturais, notadamente espirituais. A indigenização de práticas de mercado e categorias específicas da cultura Euro-Americana tais como o intercâmbio monetário, a proteção ambiental e a diferença cultural permitem a tradução de elementos culturais em estilos de vida harmoniosos e boas práticas ambientais. A valorização econômica de representações culturais é utilizada internamente como um novo instrumento em conflitos locais entre líderes e grupos em sua busca por prestígio, lealdade e recursos materiais e, externamente, junto à população regional e nacional não-nativa como contraponto a outras iniciativas para o desenvolvimento de atividades lucrativas na Amazônia. Parte de nossa sociedade global de mercado, os Yawanawa também podem empregar a demanda e valorização de representações associadas à sua cultura em projetos individuais de construção de reputação e liderança, e mais amplamente, para a reafirmação de sua identidade coletiva, como uma população indígena com direitos especiais. Esta pesquisa explora a troca mercantil como uma arena de sociabilidade complexa e conflituosa. Ela analisa como valores são criados e intercambiados no mercado em uma verdadeira economia cultural, e como projetos de identidade individual e coletiva são construídos, questionados e, às vezes, reproduzidos por meio do tráfico de objetos materiais e imateriais.

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Contrary to Texas Ranger myth, Stephen F. Austin's settlers were not the first Texas Rangers to ride across Texas. As early as the 1540s, almost three hundred years before Austin arrived in Texas, mounted Spanish subjects on the frontiers of northern New Spain ranged, scouted, pursued, and waged offensive war against Chichimeca enemies. These methods were employed and accepted actions on the hostile frontier, and were also the characteristics Texans so highly revere in Ranger traditional lore. Several of these colonial military and ranching families from Nuevo Leon and Coahuila, settled Texas in the first half of the 18th century. They intermarried and developed kinship bonds and were community leaders. In the 1820s, and 1830s Spanish surnamed descendants of early military men and ranchers became acquainted with newly arrived Anglo-European settlers. Friendships and alliances were forged based on political ideology and even kinship. As the winds of rebellion blew, several of the leading military and ranching families chose to fight for Independence in the Army of the Republic. They also joined the ranks of the Republic of Texas Rangers, and finally the Texas Rangers. Despite their loyalty, they lost political powers as more Anglo-Europeans arrived. Tejanos lost property, status and ultimately their right to be identified as Texas Rangers. The object of this work is to contribute a small piece to the literature regarding the development and evolution of ranging traditions from a southern to northern frontier perspective. The military and law enforcement traditions of colonial era New Spanish soldiers and ranchers were passed on to their Tejano descendants through continuous participation in ranging and ranching activities within their communities. Tejanos participated in the Independence of Texas, the Republic Rangers and the Texas Rangers throughout the 19th century, and based on connections with Anglo settlers may have taught Anglos mounted ranging technique, and how to survive on the Texas frontier.

Native American and First Nations (hereafter referred to as indigenous) women college students are faced with a challenge to balance both their culture and the demands of the dominant Western culture in family, school, and work/employment roles. The presence of indigenous women in higher education and in the work force has increased since World War II. While there is an abundance of literature on work-family balance and work-family conflict, with some focus on the perspectives and expectations of college-aged students, there is a dearth in both of these areas with regards to indigenous populations. In order to begin to explore the experiences and perspectives of work and family, this study analyzed unstructured qualitative interviews of 11 Native American and 9 First Nations female college students. Themes resulting from the hermeneutic analysis of texts that describe the tensions around career, family and education were (a) honoring indigenous culture and community, (b) living in two worlds, (c) pursuing individual fulfillment and goals, and (d) acknowledging the importance and influence of family. This paper was later published in the Journal of College Student Development. You can access the paper here.

BACKGROUND: This doctoral project describes an occupational therapy clinic created by this author within an outpatient health center located on a rural reservation serving the Navajo Native-American community residents. This was the center’s first occupational therapy program. Occupational therapy services included community outreach activities and innovative approaches that were inclusive, culturally appropriate, and client-centered. PROBLEM: Some challenges occurred during the implementation of the occupational therapy program such as: client resistance, cultural differences, lack of public transportation to the reservation, little to no awareness of occupational therapy, and limited funds and resources. METHODOLOGY: A thorough literature review on developing healthcare programs in rural areas was performed to collect relevant information on current methods and approaches. Moreover, programs that incorporated cultural orientation programs and awareness was taken into consideration to develop the occupational therapy program and its activities. This facilitated building a positive rapport and relationship with the Navajo community residents. RESULTS: Innovative approaches were developed to help reduce some of the barriers. Four key program elements were chosen to focus on developing a sustainable and culturally appropriate operating occupational therapy clinic to serve the Navajo Native Americans living on a rural reservation community. Collaboration with pertinent stakeholders, integration of some of the population’s cultural values, conveying cultural respect, and including community outreach events helped the development and operation of the new occupational therapy program. IMPLICATIONS: The development of the new occupational therapy clinic provided several occasions for the clinician to integrate culturally-based activities when providing services to an underserved community. It was able to set an example for future occupational therapy practitioners to create an academic course (and/or internship) to educate students about providing occupational therapy services to an indigenous population.

Disability and arthritis in Mexico are important public health problems. There is a need to develop rehabilitation interventions aimed at reducing the prevalence and disabling effects of arthritis in low socioeconomic communities in this country. This thesis reports findings from the initial execution of a mixed-methods participatory research program. This program was designed to develop, implement and evaluate a community-based rehabilitation program to decrease disability of people living with arthritis in the municipality of Chankom, a low-income rural Mayan community located in Southeast Mexico. Epidemiologic results showed a high prevalence of arthritis in Chankom associated with low levels of wealth and high body mass index. In addition, arthritis was associated with a higher prevalence of disability in this municipality. Further results showed that people who live with osteoarthritis in Chankom perform standardized and real-life activities with significant levels of disability. This disability was associated with levels of wealth, pain, muscle strength, self-efficacy, and physical activity. Ethnographic results showed that: a) arthritis reduces the health-related quality of life of people in Chankom through a process of disablement, b) people living with arthritis need access to culturally sensitive healthcare, and c) there are availability, attainability and acceptability barriers to accessing culturally sensitive health services in this municipality, which result from power imbalance between indigenous and non-indigenous people. The work presented in this thesis is the extensive examination of the problems associated with arthritis in Chankom, using quantitative and qualitative methods. Our findings justify the need to develop health policies and interventions to prevent and decrease the disabling effects of arthritis in this marginalized community. Moreover, these findings will support the creation of a culturally sensitive, community-based rehabilitation program, as a multi-level strategy to promote social development and improve health-related quality of life of people living with arthritis in the municipality of Chankom. / Thesis / Candidate in Philosophy / There is a need to develop rehabilitation interventions aimed at reducing the onset and disabling effects of arthritis in poor areas of Mexico. This thesis reports findings from the initial implementation of a research project designed to decrease disability of people living with arthritis in Chankom, a poor rural Mayan community located in Southeast Mexico. These findings show that arthritis is common in Chankom and it is related to having problems performing usual activities, which reduce people’s quality of life. People living with arthritis in Chankom need culturally appropriate healthcare services; however, they don’t obtain these due to different barriers associated with their indigenous background. Consequently, it is necessary to design health policies and interventions to decrease the disabling effects of arthritis in Chankom. The findings of this thesis will help creating a rehabilitation program that increases access to appropriate healthcare, improving function and quality of life of Chankom’s inhabitants.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elisangela Dias Barbosa.pdf: 3598759 bytes, checksum: f7f8fb048d8f9822164d1ac07d04b0c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this research is to treat the indigenous issue Raposa/Serra do Sol in the print media. To achieve this, the study investigated how the indigenous populations of Raposa/Serra do Sol have been represented in the journalistic material produced by the newspaper Folha de Boa Vista, covering the incident occurred on May 5th 2008 in the Plantation Depósito, situated in the indigenous reservation under dispute. The importance given to this incident is due to the way the news has been shaped by this newspaper, which characterized it as an episode between indigenous and plantation workers. According to what has been said, we have chosen for our corpus four articles which refer to this incident. Considering that the indigenous people are a social minority and that the media discourse is an elite discourse capable of influencing the public opinion and increasing stereotypes and racism, we have based our research on theoretical parameters derived from Critical Discourse Studies, according to Teun A. Van Dijk‟s thought, using also Walter Lippmann‟s critical and philosophical approach as well as Patrick Charaudeau‟s methodological parameters of discourse in the media context. The analysis of the corpus has highlighted the following points: a) the media, as symbolic elite, in their news discourse tend to exclude the minorities; b) the procedure used by the newspaper Folha de Boa Vista, in the analysed journalistic materials, is adverse to the indigenous people and tends to feed stereotypes of the rebellious indigenous and to reproduce racism in the society of Roraima; c) the Folha de Boa Vista, by favouring the non-indigenous people, reveals itself as unprepared to approach interethnic topics in contexts such as the Amazon / Ao tratarmos da questão indígena Raposa/Serra do Sol na mídia escrita do Estado de Roraima, com esta pesquisa, objetivamos investigar como os povos indígenas da Raposa/Serra do Sol foram representados nas matérias jornalísticas, veiculadas no jornal Folha de Boa Vista, que narravam o fato ocorrido no dia 05 de maio de 2008, na Fazenda Depósito, dentro da reserva indígena em litígio. Priorizamos esse fato devido ao modo como a notícia foi construída por esse jornal, que o caracterizou como uma ocorrência entre indígenas e funcionários da fazenda. Diante do exposto, para o nosso corpus, selecionamos quatro matérias jornalísticas que estão relacionadas com esse fato. Considerando os povos indígenas uma minoria social e o discurso midiático como discurso das elites capaz de agir na opinião pública e de alimentar estereótipos e racismo, situamos nossa pesquisa com parâmetros teóricos advindos dos Estudos Críticos do Discurso, por meio do pensamento de Teun A. Van Dijk, servimo-nos também da abordagem crítica e filosófica de Walter Lippmann e dos parâmetros metodológicos discursivos em contexto midiático de Patrick Charaudeau. A análise do corpus revelou os seguintes pontos: a) a mídia, como elite simbólica, em seu discurso noticioso, tende a excluir as minorias; b) o tratamento dado pelo jornal Folha de Boa Vista, nas matérias jornalísticas analisadas, é desfavorável para com os indígenas e tende a alimentar o estereótipo do indígena rebelde e a reproduzir o racismo na sociedade roraimense; c) a Folha de Boa Vista, ao se posicionar favoravelmente aos não-indígenas, revela o seu despreparo para a abordagem de assuntos interétnicos em um contexto como o da Amazônia

Orientador: Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha / Resumo: A origem racial representa um dos principais determinantes dos riscos de colonização e infecção por Staphylococcus aureus. Há algum tempo, comunidades indígenas têm se mostrado mais propensas em relação a tais riscos, apresentando linhagens de S. aureus com perfis distintos dos quais normalmente se encontram em populações não-nativas. Características peculiares entre diferentes populações, tais como viver em condições de superlotação, assistência em saúde prejudicada e condições precárias de higiene podem ser mais relevantes na patogênese de algumas formas de infecções por S. aureus. Deste modo, os indígenas inegavelmente se enquadram no grupo de risco para o carreamento de microrganismos resistentes, estando suscetíveis tanto à aquisição quanto à disseminação de infecções. O presente estudo objetivou a identificação da prevalência e de fatores de risco para carreamento nasal e oral de S. aureus sensíveis e resistentes à meticilina (Methicilinsensitive Staphylococcus aureus MSSA e Methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA, respectivamente) em indígenas de comunidades do Norte e Sudeste do Brasil, avaliando a diversidade genética, disseminação, fatores de virulência e resistência antimicrobiana, associados às questões étnicas, demográficas, ambientais e comportamentais. Para tanto, foram coletadas amostras nasais e de orofaringe de 400 indígenas (116 da região sudeste e 284 da região norte) através de swabs estéreis e posteriormente elas foram semeadas em meio de cultura... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor

Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2017-07-18T15:59:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 6961658 bytes, checksum: ca4dcce72b969f5926cd7770dcb374a1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-18T15:59:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 6961658 bytes, checksum: ca4dcce72b969f5926cd7770dcb374a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-22 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Introduction: The spread of Aids, for indian tribes, includes women between priorities of facing the epidemic, makin this discussion relevant for the construction of new considerations in the field of indigenous health. Objective: To analyze how Aids is configured according to the glance of Potiguara women. Methodological Approach: Exploratory, descriptive and quanti-qualitative field study, supported on theoretical views around the concepts of culture, ethnicity and woman. 164 women from the villages of Monte-Mór, Jaraguá and Silva de Belém, located in the municipality of Rio Tinto – Paraíba, participated in the survey. The instrument used for data collect was the semi structured enterview. The corpus generated was processed by the text analysis software IRAMUTEQ, through thematic content analysis method. Results: Departing from Hierarchical Descending Classification, nine subcategories of contents related to Aids aired by the participants were found. Such subcategories were included between a cathegory of prior informative character, with elements bound to the context of risk, transmissibility and protection of the disease and other cathegory with contents concentrated in experiences and confrontations, picturing the patient’s image, managements of treatment and care, the excluding atmosphere experienced by individuals affected by HIV and the feelings that emerge in people who live with the pathology in their peers. Conclusions: Aids is configured by Potiguara women through an imbricated of social and cultural values present in their particular context. This fusion of cultural, economic, politic and geographic elements provides meaning to Aids related experiences and exercises an important influence over the group behavior on the disease. Such considerations can contribute for the renewal of practices and direction of strategic control policies for HIV/Aids focusing on indigenous woman. / Introdução: A expansão da Aids para as tribos indígenas inclui a mulher entre as prioridades de enfrentamento da epidemia, tornando esta discussão pertinente para a construção de novas abordagens no campo da saúde indígena. Objetivo: Analisar o modo como a Aids se configura sob o olhar de mulheres Potiguara. Percurso Metodológico: Estudo de campo, exploratório e descritivo, com abordagem quanti-qualitativa, subsidiada nas aproximações teóricas em torno da cultura, etnia e mulher. Participaram da pesquisa 164 mulheres indígenas das aldeias Monte-Mór, Jaraguá e Silva de Belém, situadas no município de Rio Tinto – Paraíba. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi a entrevista semiestruturada e o corpus gerado foi processado pelo software de análise textual IRAMUTEQ e analisado por meio da análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: A partir da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, foram encontradas nove subcategorias de conteúdos relacionados à Aids veiculadas pelas participantes. As subcategorias foram conformadas entre uma categoria de caráter prioritariamente informativo, com elementos vinculados ao contexto de risco, transmissibilidade e proteção da doença e outra categoria com conteúdos que se concentraram em vivências e enfrentamentos, retratando a imagem do doente, manejos de tratamento e cuidado, a atmosfera excludente vivida pelos indivíduos com HIV e os sentimentos que emergem das pessoas que vivem a doença nos seus pares. Conclusões: A Aids é configurada pelas mulheres Potiguara dentro de um imbricado de valores culturais e sociais presentes no seu contexto particular. Esta fusão de elementos culturais, econômicos, políticos, geográficos confere sentido às experiências relativas à Aids e exerce importante influência sobre o comportamento do grupo diante da doença. Tais considerações podem contribuir para a renovação das práticas e direcionamento de políticas estratégicas de controle de HIV/Aids com foco na mulher indígena.