Thesis (doctoral)--Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 1995. / Title from thesis home page. Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis studies the response of the traditionalist Muslim groups of Minangkabau, Indonesia, to the modernist movement of the early decades of this century. In their effort to lay the foundations of a rational and progressive Muslim society and rediscovery the true ethics of Islam, the modernists had called for fresh ijtihad. The traditionalists rejected the possibility, or necessity, of new ijtihad and insisted that Islam had been perfectly articulated in the authoritative works of the scholars, especially those of the four schools of law, and that every Muslim must simply adhere to them. The traditionalists argued that the methods of the modernists' not only endangered the authority of the four schools, they threatened to undermine the age-old notion of a harmonious balance between Islam and adat, the two ideological foundations of Minangkabau society. To the traditionalists, therefore, the struggle against the modernists was at once a defense of the classical schools of law and of the harmony of Islam and adat in Minangkabau.

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Using a postcolonial ethnographic study, this thesis explores the tensions of why Indonesian nurses both desired and rejected western expertise and compliance with international standards for nursing education and practice. The dominant understanding of such ambivalence is that while all nurses accept the need for universal competencies for the contemporary, internationally mobile nurse, non-western nurses are prevented from achieving some of these competencies by virtue of inherent cultural differences from their western nursing counterparts. Drawing on postcolonial theory, this thesis deconstructs such notions of culture and difference as colonial constructions and identifies the hegemonic nature of western nursing. It deconstructs the image of the contemporary, internationally mobile nurse as historically situated and discursively constructed. It unsettles the dominant understanding of what nursing is, what nursing should be, and questions the exclusive conditions of entry into nursing as a globalized profession. / Based on the need to escape dominant understandings, ethnographic techniques of observation, individual and group interviews, documentary analysis, and reflective journaling were used to explore how both local and global influences on nursing impacted on achieving international standards within everyday circumstances. Data were analyzed using key postcolonial themes including orientalism, subalterneity, ambivalence, mimicry and hybridity. Assumptions of difference influenced perceptions and judgments about the quality of Indonesian nursing education and practice. Incongruence existed between what is said and documented about nursing and actual nursing practices in Indonesia. This finding represented both passive and powerful subaltern resistance to western models. Partial resistance to western models of nursing, practice and education helped to open up hybrid spaces in which cultural differences could operate. / Western models of nursing practice and education underpinning the agenda for global consistency of nursing are not universally applicable. Instead, it is a colonial assumption that all nurses should be the same regardless of the context in which they practice. This thesis shows that despite the apparent necessity for western colonization of Indonesian nursing, the acceptance of western models of nursing and transferability of western expertise are determined by the degree to which globally and locally situated definitions of best practice coincide. / The findings suggest that ambivalence arises when being ‘internationally recognized’ means accepting the dominant western hegemony of nursing but rejecting locally situated meanings and practices. I propose that this ambivalence creates a hybrid space to improve Indonesian nursing and challenge the universality of western standards for nursing education and practice. I also propose that ambivalence creates a space for reconceptualizing the role of western experts in non-western settings. In this re-conceptualized role, expertise is not defined by its western foundations. Instead, expertise is defined by an ability to facilitate content knowledge that can be accepted, rejected, or incorporated into hybrid solutions.

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / School-Based Management (SBM) with devolution has become the most prominent feature of public school management systems in most countries around the world. In Indonesia, the Central Government established a Commission of National Education (Komisi Nasional Pendidikan) in February 2001 on the basis of Law 22/1999 by which education was decentralized. The Commission recommended the formation of school councils at the school level to improve quality of national education. The Government then embarked on the formation of school councils in Western Sumatera, Eastern Java, and Bali. On the basis of these trials, the councils were considered strategic in promoting democratic principles in schools, creating higher levels of parental participation in school governance, and improving the quality of national education. For these reasons, in 2002 and 2004, the Government provided a set of guidelines to establish mandatory corporate governing body type school councils in accordance with the Law 22/1999, the Commission and Education Act 20/2003. With the turn of the 21st Century, all Indonesian public schools have implemented SBM. This study was aimed at examining whether improvements in student achievements have been achieved resulting from the implementation of SBM. The research was conducted in 2007 using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies comprising of an empirical survey with the active participation of 504 respondents who were school council members and semi-structured interviews with 42 participants belonging to all categories of representatives of school councils as well as documentary analyses. The research was conducted at 42 primary schools of Ngada District in the island of Flores. Data generated from the two phases of the research demonstrate that there have been school improvements and student achievements resulting from the implementation of SBM. SBM policies and programs have created better teaching/learning environments and student achievements. Further, the research suggests that continuous developments and capacity building such as training on school leadership and management, workshops on SBM, and increased funding from governments are needed to affect further improvements in school effectiveness with the implementation of SBM.

Master of Philosophy / This thesis 'maps' aspects of contemporary Indonesian language poetry and associational life related to that poetry from the Indonesian province of West Java, particularly, but not exclusively, in the period after 1998.

"March 1990". / Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, School of English & Linguistics, 1991. / Bibliography: leaves 219-221. / PART ONE: Research preliminaries -- The occurrence of shifts and the question of equivalence in translation -- Research methodology -- Theoretical orientation to the analysis of translation and texts -- The profile of major discourse types in Bahasa Indonesia -- PAERT TWO: Chapters of analysis -- The translation of procedural discourses -- The translation of hortatory discourses -- The translation of expository discourses -- The translation of narrative discourses -- PART THREE: Chapters of discussion -- Synthesis of translation shifts -- Translation types and translation equivalence at the textual level -- PART FOUR: Concluding chapter -- Conclusion and implications. / The study focuses on translation shifts, on their occurrence and their consequences, and especially how they relate to the question of equivalence in translation. For this purpose, eight Indonesian source language texts (SLTs) and eighty English translations (TLTs) were analysed, in terms of their, notional and prominent text features, rhetorical purpose, cohesion, topic-comment structures, and topical progression. The results of the analysis show how translators' behaviour and reactions to the SLTs vary, as indicated by divergencies in their translations. The variations indicate the kinds of shift fostered in the translation: obligatory and/or optional. -- Another fruit of the study is the identification of a number of shiftsensitive items in Indonesian grammar, such as /DI-/, /NG-/, /-LAH/. The textual effects of the shifts vary from the localized shift of interpersonal tenor to global shifts affecting text type and sub-type, and even to shifts of referential meaning. Although the shifts of text type and of sub-type show a tendency towards directness and neutrality, the shifts raise the question of whether or not the resulting TLTs can be considered as justified translations and as translation equivalences. The answer is the need to postulate a more flexible and wider view of equivalence, whilst setting up limits to acceptance of shifts which cause mistranslations, i.e shifts of referential meaning. This view provides a basis for distinguishing translation from adaptation and from mistranslation, a distinction which has hitherto been taken for granted in translation and in the training of translators. -- Appendices containing the TL texts (the SL texts are presented in each chapter of analysis) are presented at the back of the thesis. There is also a glossary of terms used in the study. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / viii, 250 leaves

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / School-Based Management (SBM) with devolution has become the most prominent feature of public school management systems in most countries around the world. In Indonesia, the Central Government established a Commission of National Education (Komisi Nasional Pendidikan) in February 2001 on the basis of Law 22/1999 by which education was decentralized. The Commission recommended the formation of school councils at the school level to improve quality of national education. The Government then embarked on the formation of school councils in Western Sumatera, Eastern Java, and Bali. On the basis of these trials, the councils were considered strategic in promoting democratic principles in schools, creating higher levels of parental participation in school governance, and improving the quality of national education. For these reasons, in 2002 and 2004, the Government provided a set of guidelines to establish mandatory corporate governing body type school councils in accordance with the Law 22/1999, the Commission and Education Act 20/2003. With the turn of the 21st Century, all Indonesian public schools have implemented SBM. This study was aimed at examining whether improvements in student achievements have been achieved resulting from the implementation of SBM. The research was conducted in 2007 using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies comprising of an empirical survey with the active participation of 504 respondents who were school council members and semi-structured interviews with 42 participants belonging to all categories of representatives of school councils as well as documentary analyses. The research was conducted at 42 primary schools of Ngada District in the island of Flores. Data generated from the two phases of the research demonstrate that there have been school improvements and student achievements resulting from the implementation of SBM. SBM policies and programs have created better teaching/learning environments and student achievements. Further, the research suggests that continuous developments and capacity building such as training on school leadership and management, workshops on SBM, and increased funding from governments are needed to affect further improvements in school effectiveness with the implementation of SBM.

Thesis (M.A.)--Columbia Biblical Seminary, 1988. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-161).