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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Carl Sagan: a exploração e colonização de planetas - ficção científica,cência e divulgação

Souza, Carlos A. Loiola de 29 May 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CARLOS A LOIOLA DE SOUZA.pdf: 415449 bytes, checksum: d861caf6da8174df5e70f24cd0bc6748 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-29 / Sci - fi books depending on how they are structured by their authors, might be in our case, the astronomer Carl Sagan, be used as reference texts in Science History by his indisciplinity. The specific case of interplanetary trips, theorized and thought scientificaly and advertised under a sci - fi language in books of Carl Sagan, is what this dissertation talks about.The authors of fiction texts, such as Sagan Arthur Charles Clarke and Issac Asimov, try to found their extrpolate in careful notes of trends that happen in society and science, and develop the ( narration, in Asmov and Clarke´s case ) implication or advertising with rigidity and consistency.On the other hand, part of the futuristic literature would be an important History of Science analysis instrument, for it to be possible of thinking in alternative proposals for a scientific policy and taught which may have a social reach. A kind of experiment or imaginary exercise. In other words, what is studied here, is the relation between sci - fi and science, which talks about interplanetary trips, and how they are explained in Sagan´s books. However, the dissertation, delimitates, in the first instance, must be considered about interplanetary trips, its dissimilation from the 30´s to the 60´s and the adverstising through two of the best sci - fi writers of the twentieth century, whose work was to advertise scientific ideas or Astronautic for a better understanding of the science, its role and the impact of science and technology, in a society which moves really fast, but without many details. After all, as it was a relevant realization of some of these realized fantasies by Carl Sagan´s commitment, initially, with the American industial military complexduring the Cold War against USSR, and after that by NASA.And what we have learned scientifically from the exploration of the Solar Sistem and the nearest planets, in a way that the results of this spacial exploration could be advertised with the help from literature and fiction, in a type of alert about the problems that we will have to face in a near future. At last, the mankind destiny, imagined by Sagan in a kind of manifest advertised by himself in his main books and analysed here for it to be possible to keep its parallelism of contents and trends between sci - fi books and the academic literatureabout the development of science and technology and the destiny of mankind and the individuals that make itself. This is a conclusion that History students having a beginning or complementary graduation in humanities, will be able to find on the shelves of science history, a worthy manifest for an unexpective reflection or for a militancy / Obras de ficção científica podem, dependendo de como estiverem estruturadas por seus autores, em nosso caso, o astrônomo Carl Sagan, ser usadas como textos de referência em História da Ciência por sua interdisciplinaridade. O caso específico das viagens interplanetárias, pensadas e teorizadas cientificamente e divulgadas sob a linguagem da ficção científica nos livros de Carl Sagan, é o de que se ocupa esta dissertação. Os autores de textos de ficção, como os colegas de Sagan Arthur Charles Clarke e Isaac Asimov, procuram, como acontece com textos teóricos acadêmicos, assim como também eram alguns dos textos de Sagan, fundamentar suas extrapolações em observações cuidadosas de tendências em ação na sociedade e na ciência e desenvolver sua (narração, no caso de Asimov e Clarke) implementação ou divulgação com rigor e consistência. Ou seja, parte da literatura futurística seria um instrumento importante de análise de História da Ciência para que esta possa pensar em propostas alternativas para uma política científica e de ensino científico que tenha um alcance social. Uma espécie de experimento ou exercício imaginário. Em outras palavras, o que aqui se estuda é a relação entre ficção científica e ciência que fale das viagens interplanetárias e como elas estão expressas nas obras de Sagan. Portanto, a dissertação delimita o que, em primeiro lugar, deve-se considerar sobre as viagens interplanetárias, sua disseminação nos anos de 1930 a 1960 e sua divulgação através de dois dos melhores escritores de ficção científica do século XX, que se empenharam em divulgar idéias científicas ou de Astronáutica para uma melhor compreensão da ciência, do papel da ciência e do impacto da ciência e tecnologia numa sociedade com uma velocidade em movimento rápido, mas sem muitos detalhes. Depois, como foi a realização primordial de algumas dessas fantasias realizadas pelo envolvimento de Carl Sagan, inicialmente, com o complexo militar industrial dos Estados Unidos da América durante a Guerra Fria com a URSS e depois pela NASA. E o que se aprendeu, cientificamente, com a exploração de nosso sistema solar e de nossos planetas mais próximos, de maneira que esses resultados da exploração espacial pudessem ser divulgados com a ajuda da literatura de ficção em forma de alerta sobre os problemas que teremos de enfrentar num futuro bem próximo. E, por último, o destino da humanidade imaginado por Sagan numa espécie de manifesto divulgado por ele mesmo em seus principais livros e aqui analisado para que se pudesse manter o paralelismo de conteúdo e tendências entre as obras de ficção e a literatura acadêmica sobre o desenvolvimento da ciência e da tecnologia e o destino da humanidade e dos indivíduos que a compõem. Isto nos leva a concluir que o estudante de História da Ciência, tendo uma formação inicial ou complementar em humanidades, poderá encontrar na estante de História da Ciência um valioso manifesto para uma reflexão despretensiosa ou para a militância
2

L’entreprise de guerre au XXIe siècle : Les sociétés militaires privées dans la politique étrangère et la stratégie militaire des Etats-Unis / War Entrepreneuship in the XXIst Century : Private Military Companies in the Foreign Policy and the Military Strategy of the United States

Bricet des Vallons, Georges-Henri 12 March 2012 (has links)
Les guerres d’Irak et d’Afghanistan ont vu la réapparition massive de sociétés de mercenariat d’un nouveau genre.Le mercenariat occidental est ainsi passé en moins de vingt ans de structures artisanales, arrimées à la politiquepost-coloniale des grandes puissances, à un stade professionnel et industriel tendant à une transnationalisationcroissante de ses activités. Des bavures de la célèbre Blackwater à l’implication d’employés de CACI dans lescandale de la torture au sein de la prison d’Abu Grahib, en passant par les activités de la tentaculaire Aegis, lessociétés militaires privées, omniprésentes sur le champ de bataille, ont rythmé et marqué le récit de ces guerresmajeures du début du XXIe siècle. Fait crucial : c’est la première fois dans l’histoire des opérations militairesaméricaines qu’on assiste à un basculement de la démographie des forces en faveur du secteur privé. Produit del’économie de guerre permanente et ramifications expéditionnaires du complexe militaro-industriel, ces sociétésreprésentent un changement d’expression de la puissance militaire étatsunienne sans précédent. Cettemercenarisation de l’american way of war est désormais une tendance structurelle de la politique étrangère del’Empire et pourrait bien révolutionner à terme le visage même de la guerre. Cette thèse trace le récit historique deces armées privées, décrit les conditions politiques qui ont permis à ce nouveau marché de la guerre d’émerger etse propose d’analyser la portée sociopolitique de ce phénomène de mondialisation de la violence privée quant à laquestion de l’Etat. Cette question du retour du mercenariat à grande échelle dans la politique étrangère des Etats-Unis permet non seulement de former une hypothèse aiguë sur le déclin de la puissance militaire américaine maisaussi sur les évolutions de l’identité sociohistorique du monopole de la violence étatique. / Iraq and Afghanistan Wars have seen a massive return of mercenary companies of a new genre. The Westernmercenaries have transformed in less than twenty years from craft structures, linked to the post-colonial politics ofgreat powers, to a professional and industrial stage that tends to a growing transnationalization of their activities.From the blunders of the famous Blackwater to the involvement of CACI’s employees in the torture scandal inAbu Ghraib prison, through the activities of the sprawling Aegis, private military companies, everywhere on thebattlefield, have marked and labeled the story of these major wars of the early twenty-first Century. Crucial fact:this is the first time in the history of U.S. military operations that we are witnessing a shift in the demographics offorces in favor of the private sector. Product of the permanent war economy and overseas branches of themilitary-industrial complex, these companies represent an unprecedented change in expression of U.S. militarypower. This mercenarization of the American way of war is now a structural trend of the foreign policy of theEmpire and could eventually revolutionize the face of the war. This thesis traces the history of these privatearmies, described the political conditions that led to the birth of this new market of war, and analyzes the scope ofthis sociopolitical phenomenon of globalization of private violence. This return of mercenaries on a large scale inthe foreign policy of the United States not only help to form a decisive hypothesis on the decline of Americanmilitary power but also on the socio-historical changes of the identity of the State monopoly of violence.

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