published_or_final_version / Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

Pinot noir has a reputation for lower color stability than other red wine varieties. Because it has relatively low anthocyanin and phenolic content and lacks acylated anthocyanin pigments compared to other red vinifera varieties, color extraction and stability are particularly important. Varying the processing during fermentation of red wine can produce high quality wines. Pectolytic enzymes are used in wine processing for many purposes from increasing juice yield and filtering rates to improving color and phenolic extraction. Macerating enzymes used in this study, Scottzyme Color Pro (Scott Laboratories), Scottzyme Color X (Scott Laboratories), Lallzyme EX (Lallemand), GB Rapidase EX Color (Gist Brocades), and Vinozyme G (Cellulo) were added to 1997 Oregon Pinot noir must prior to fermentation to observe color, aroma and flavor changes. These commercial enzymes have been reported to increase color and improve aroma and flavor of red wines. The effect of these enzymes had not previously been investigated on Oregon Pinot noir but the manufacturers reported increased polymeric phenols, polymeric anthocyanins, tannins, color stability, red hue and saturation of red wine varieties. These enzymes have varying manufacturer recommended usage levels and it is not known how the dosage levels and the enzymes themselves affect Oregon Pinot noir. Sensory evaluations of these wines, at a high and low dosage level, were conducted through free-choice profiling by winemakers and descriptive analysis from a trained panel. In addition, chemical analyses were performed and related to sensory panel results. Overall the addition of these enzymes to Oregon Pinot noir produced wines with greater purple, red descriptors and higher color intensity than the control wine from trained descriptive panel and winemaker panel results. In aroma, the enzyme treated wines were higher in vegetative and earthy descriptors compared to the control. GB Rapidase EX Color (Gist Brocades) was higher in bitterness flavor compared with other samples. Low enzyme wine treatments separated wine samples more from the control then high enzyme wine treatments. The color and appearance, aroma and flavor axes of the profile maps were not significant in the high enzyme treated wines as determined from the winemaker panel. Furthermore, the winemaker panel found acidity the only aroma or flavor descriptor significant in the high dosage ANOVA results. Whereas six descriptors in the low enzyme ANOVA results were significant in separating aroma and flavor samples. Except for Lallzyme EX (Lallemand) treated wine, the hunter colorimeter results showed all low enzyme treated wines were significantly (p<0.05) more red-purple (lower hues) than the high enzyme treated wines. / Graduation date: 1999

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Submitted in complete fulfillment for the Degree of Master of Technology (Biotechnology), Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2014. / Chitin, a highly insoluble 1,4- -linked polymer of N-acetyl- -D-glucosamine, is the second-most abundant bio-polysaccharide in nature after cellulose. Most chitinolytic fungi are known to produce more than one kind of chitinase. The recent sequencing of the Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP genome by our group has revealed four putative family 18 chitinases. In this study, three novel chitinase genes (chitl, chit2 and chit3) and the previously reported chit4 gene were cloned from Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP and their gene structures were analysed. chit3, encoding a 36.6 kDa protein, and chit4, encoding a 44.1 kDa protein, were successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant Chit3 and Chit4 enzymes exhibited optimum activity at pH 4.0 and 5.0 and at 40oC and 50°C, respectively. Chit3 was stable at 40oC and retained 71% of its activity at 50°C after 60 min, while Chit4 was stable at 50°C and retained 56% of its activity at 60°C after 30 min. Both enzymes produced chitobiose as the major product using colloidal chitin, chitooligosaccharides and shrimp shell powder as substrates. Of the fungal strains tested, Chit3 displayed antifungal activity against Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. This is the first report on the multi-chitinolytic system of T. lanuginosus and enzyme characterization has shown the potential of the enzymes to be used in degradation of the under-utilized bio-resource chitin. / PDF Full-text unavailable. Please refer to hard copy for Full-text / M

MSc report presented to the University of the Witwatersrand In the fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg April 2017 / Oil and gas operations produce high volumes of wastewater in the form of finely dispersed oil/ water (o/w) emulsions, which have detrimental effects on the environment. The current most feasible method used to mitigate the environmental impacts caused by the emulsion (produced water) from oil and gas operations is polymer membrane technology. However, polymer membranes are susceptible to fouling and concentration polarization, which leads to the necessity for frequent membrane replacement, thus loss of operating time and high operation cost. This motivates the need to investigate ways of modifying the polymer membrane in order to make it more resistant to fouling and concentration polarization. This study is concerned with circumventing the challenges experienced by polymer membrane during crude oil/ water mixture ultra-filtration by infusing the polymer membrane with nano particles. The aim of the research was to investigate the influence of addition of CNTs on the modified membranes in treatment of waste water from petroleum source. The Wet Impregnation method was used for the preparation of the bimetallic catalyst (Fe-Co catalyst supported on Zeolite), Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method was used to prepare the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and Phase inversion (PI) method was used for the preparation of the polymer nanocomposite membrane. The bimetallic catalyst was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The CNTs were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The prepared polymer nanocomposite membranes were characterized using SEM, FTIR, goniometer (for contact angles) and TAXT plus texture analyzer (for tensile strength test). Functionalized carbon nanotubes were used as membrane fillers or modifiers to improve the filtration properties of the polymeric membrane, ultimately forming nanocomposite polymer membranes. This increased hydrophilicity, chemical, mechanical and physical properties of the polymer membrane, made them to perform better during filtration than pristine polymer membranes. The performance of the nanocomposite membranes were evaluated and it was determined that the nanocomposite polymer membrane with a loading 0.4 wt.% functionalized carbon nanotubes performed better than pristine membrane and other CNTs loaded nanocomposite polymer membranes. The pristine membrane (0 wt% CNTs) showed a higher contact angle (79o) which crosses ponds to the inability to soak up water. The 0.4 wt% nanocomposite polymer membrane showed the lowest contact angle of 72 o, this validated an improvement in the properties of the membrane, in particular hydrophilicity. The 0.4 wt% nanocomposite polymer membrane showed a superior mechanical strength, with a breaking force at 4 N relative to the other membranes of the same thickness. 0.4 wt% nanocomposite polymer membrane showed the highest permeate flux of 120 L/m2.h compared to the pristine membrane, which showed a permeate flux of 63 L/m2.h. The permeate flux of 0.4 wt% nano-composite polymer membrane increased with the operating pressure. / MT 2018

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of a wearable device, developed by the author, to detect different types of epileptic seizures and monitor epileptic patients. The device uses GSR, Pulse, EMG, body temperature and 3-axis accelerometer sensors to detect epilepsy. The device first learns the signal patterns of the epileptic patient in ideal condition. The signal pattern generated during the epileptic seizure, which are distinct from other signal patterns, are detected and analyzed by the algorithms developed by the author. Based on an analysis, the device successfully detected different types of epileptic seizures. The author conducted an experiment on himself to determine the effectiveness of the device and the algorithms. Based on the simulation results, the algorithms are 100 percent accurate in detecting different types of epileptic seizures. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Não consta resumo na publicação. / Abstract not available.

Thesis (Master of Engineering in Chemical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. / Renewable energy security for the future and better use of natural resources are key challenges that can be concurrently managed by a practical anaerobic co-digestion approach in the production of methane. For this study, co-digestion of cassava and winery waste was investigated for the production of biogas. Cassava biomass is a good substrate for biogas production due to its high carbohydrate yield per hectare (4.742 kg/carb) than most plants. Winery wastes constitute a lot of challenge in South Africa due to high amounts currently being dumped at landfills. Due to the chemical properties of the two substrates, it is envisaged that their co-digestion will produce more biogas than use of a single substrate. Biomethane potential (BMP) tests were carried out in a batch, mesophilic (37 °C±0.5) reactor using cassava and winery waste singly and in combination at a ratio of 1:1 and ran for 30 days. Biogas optimization was also evaluated. The optimal conditions for methane production from anaerobic co-digestion of cassava biomass and winery solid waste using response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of temperature, pH and co-substrate ratios on the methane yield were explored. A central composite design technique was used to set-up the anaerobic co-digestion experiment was determined. Once the optimized values were established, biogas production from co-digestion of cassava biomass with winery waste was investigated using a single-stage 5 L mesophilic batch digester and the microbial dynamics inside the digester during co-digestion of cassava and winery waste in the single-stage 5 L mesophilic batch digester. The samples were collected on days 1, 15 and 30 of the anaerobic digestion period and DNA extracted from them while 16sRNA bacterial sequencing was performed. The results for the BMP tests showed that cumulative methane yield for cassava, winery waste and in combination were 42, 21 and 38 mLCH4 respectively. It was concluded that biogas production from anaerobic digestion was dependent on many factors such as pH, substrate properties and the ratio of different feedstocks used during co-digestion. The results from the optimization study were pH 7, temperature of 35 °C±0.5 and co-digestion ratio of 70:30 cassava to winery waste. The maximum methane yield of 346.28 mLCH4/gVSadded was predicted by the quadratic model at the optimal temperature of 35 oC±0.5, pH of 7 and 70:30 ratio of cassava biomass to winery solid waste. Experimental results showed a close fit but higher methane yield (396 mLCH4/gVSadded) than predicted values as indicated by the coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.9521. The response surface model proved successful in the optimization process of methane yield. The single-stage 5L mesophilic batch digester with a co-substrate ratio of 70:30 cassava to winery waste produced a total of 819.54 mL/gVS biogas with a 62 % methane content. The study of microbial community dynamics showed the presence of the bacteria that is responsible for each stage of anaerobic digestion. The study concluded that both winery waste and cassava substrates were favourable for biogas production and most underprivileged people in the rural areas with no access to electricity can produce & utilise it.

Thesis (MTech (Food Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. / Lipase-catalysed chemical transformations are today routinely considered by synthetic organic chemists as economical and competitive “green chemistry” alternatives. Although lipases can effortlessly be produced on a large-scale by fermentation, their industrial application was, until recently, limited to the detergent, oleo-chemistry and dairy industry. However, during the last few decades, the biotechnological application of lipases has expanded significantly, becoming indispensable in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, single cell protein production, biosensor preparations and waste management. Similarly, lipases have become a vital ingredient in the contemporary food processing industry with applications ranging from fruit juice production to baked foods, vegetable fermentations and dairy enrichment. Furthermore, lipases are routinely used as flavour development agents in cheese, butter and margarine products. Lipases are also applied in the leather industry for processing hides and skins and for treatment of activated sludge and other aerobic waste product treatments where its action enhances oxygen transfer. While lipases currently account for less than 21 % of the enzyme market, a growing interest in lipases is reflected by the publication of an average of 1000 research papers per year and the growing number of available lipases since the 1980s. There is a sustained interest to bioprospect for novel lipase enzymes from available unexplored biodiversity. This study aimed to screen for lipase-producing microorganisms resident in olive wastewater biofilms. Lipase activity of positive isolates was subsequently also quantitatively determined to select for the highest producers of true lipases. A Geotrichum candidum isolate from olive mill wastewater biofilms was selected for subsequent studies based on its superior lipase production phenotype. Using a yeast mediated ligation approach the G. candidum GCL1 lipase gene was cloned and heterologously expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an enzyme production host. The recombinant lipase was purified and analysed in terms of substrate specificity, pH optima, temperature optima and stability as well as organic solvent tolerance. The G. candidum gcl1 lipase presented enhanced thermo- and organic solvent-stability that are highly sought after traits for industrial application.

by Lui Bong Chun, Richard. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references. / Abstract / Acknowledgment / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background for the Project --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Interests in Blue-Green Laser --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Progress of Blue-Green Laser --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- The Aim of the Project --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Overview the Remaining Parts of this Thesis --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4 --- References --- p.6 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Sum Frequency Generation --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- Sum Frequency Generation --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Theoretical Background for Sum Frequency Generation --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- The Coupled Wave Equations for SFG --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Phase Matching Considerations --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3 --- References --- p.18 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Cerenkov Radiation --- p.19 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2 --- The Properties of Cerenkov Radiation by Using TM Mode --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Refractive Index Notation --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Fundamental Wave TM Guides Mode --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Second Harmonic TM Radiation Mode --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Efficiency of SHG --- p.25 / Chapter 3.3 --- Simplified Model Analysis of Cerenkov Radiation in TE Mode --- p.29 / Chapter 3.4 --- Simulation --- p.33 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Modeling the LiNb03 --- p.33 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Modeling an Asymmetric Slab Waveguide ´ؤPMMA doped with MNA on Fused Quartz --- p.37 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Modeling a Symmetric Slab Waveguide ´ؤPMMA doped with MNA on Fused Quartz --- p.42 / Chapter 3.5 --- References --- p.47 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Ellipsometry --- p.49 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.49 / Chapter 4.2 --- General Principles --- p.49 / Chapter 4.3 --- Basic Operation --- p.50 / Chapter 4.4 --- The Optical Constants of the Bulk Materials --- p.51 / Chapter 4.5 --- Calculation the Refractive Index of the Substrates --- p.53 / Chapter 4.6 --- Ellipsometric Theory for the Thin Film --- p.57 / Chapter 4.7 --- Measurement the Refractive Index and the Thickness of the Thin Film --- p.59 / Chapter 4.7.1 --- Data --- p.62 / Chapter 4.7.2 --- Discussions --- p.73 / Chapter 4.8 --- Calculation the Refractive Index of the thin Film by Considering as a Bulk Material --- p.78 / Chapter 4.9 --- References --- p.80 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Prism Coupling --- p.81 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.81 / Chapter 5.2 --- Coupling of a Plane Wave --- p.82 / Chapter 5.3 --- Numerical Approach for the Calculation of the Coupling Efficiency --- p.85 / Chapter 5.4 --- Experiment --- p.88 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Experimental Setup --- p.88 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Experimental Result and Discussions --- p.90 / Chapter 5.5 --- References --- p.92 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.93 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Future Plans --- p.96 / Chapter 7.1 --- Simplified Model of Corona Poling --- p.96 / Chapter 7.2 --- Advanced Models of Poling --- p.98 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Slab Waveguide --- p.98 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Channel Waveguide --- p.99 / Chapter 7.3 --- References --- p.100 / Chapter Appendix 1 --- Materials' Descriptions --- p.A-l / Chapter A.1.1 --- 2-Methyl-4-Nitoaniline --- p.A-1 / Chapter A.1.2 --- Poly ( Methyl Methacrylate ) --- p.A-3 / Chapter A.1.3 --- References --- p.A-4 / Chapter Appendix 2 --- Fabrication Procedures --- p.A-5 / Chapter A.2.1 --- Cleaning the Apparatus --- p.A-5 / Chapter A.2.2 --- Cleaning the Substrate --- p.A-5 / Chapter A.2.3 --- Thin film Fabrication --- p.A-5 / Chapter A.2.4 --- Thin Film Removal --- p.A-6 / Chapter A.2.5 --- References --- p.A-6 / Chapter Appendix 3 --- Alpha Step --- p.A-7 / Chapter A.3.1 --- Introduction --- p.A-7 / Chapter A.3.2 --- Experimental Setup --- p.A-8 / Chapter A.3.3 --- Experimental Results --- p.A-9 / Chapter A.3.3.1 --- Thin Film of PMMA without Dopant --- p.A-9 / Chapter A.3.3.2 --- Thin Film of PMMA doped with MNA --- p.A-19 / Chapter A.3.4 --- Discussions --- p.A-27 / Chapter A.3.5 --- References --- p.A-28 / Chapter Appendix 4 --- Scanning Electron Microscope --- p.A-29 / Chapter A.4.1 --- Scanning Electron Microscope --- p.A-29 / Chapter A.4.2 --- Reference --- p.A-30 / Chapter Appendix 5 --- Gaussian Beam & Coordinate System Transformation --- p.A-31 / Chapter A.5.1 --- Gaussian Beam in a Homogeneous Medium --- p.A-31 / Chapter A.5.2 --- Transformation of the Coordinate Systems --- p.A-32 / Chapter A.5.3 --- Reference --- p.A-32 / Chapter Appendix 6 --- Waist Size Measurement of Gaussian Beam --- p.A-33 / Chapter A.6.1 --- Waist Size Measurement of Gaussian Beam --- p.A-33 / Chapter A.6.2 --- References --- p.A-34 / Chapter Appendix 7 --- Quasi Phase Matching --- p.A-35 / Chapter A. 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.A-35 / Chapter A.7.2 --- Basic Concept of QPM --- p.A-36 / Chapter A.7.3 --- References --- p.A-38 / Chapter Appendix 8 --- Program Listing --- p.A-41 / Chapter A.8.1 --- Program Listing ( Chapter 3 ) --- p.A-41 / Chapter A.8.1.1 --- Program 3.1 (transcendental.m ) --- p.A-41 / Chapter A.8.1.2 --- Program 3.2 (linbo3.m) --- p.A-42 / Chapter A.8.2 --- Program Listing ( Chapter 4 ) --- p.A-45 / Chapter A.8.2.1 --- Program 4.1 ( ellipsometry.m ) --- p.A-45 / Chapter A.8.3 --- Program Listing ( Chapter 5 ) --- p.A-47 / Chapter A.8.3.1 --- Program 5.1 ( parameter.m ) --- p.A-47 / Chapter A.8.3.2 --- Program 5.2 ( coupling.m ) --- p.A-49 / Chapter A.8.3.3 --- Program 5.3 ( v_3_amp.m ) --- p.A-50 / Chapter A.8.3.4 --- Program 5.4 ( input_profile.m ) --- p.A-51