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The National Industrial Court of Nigeria : what future for occupational health and safetyHameed, Ayisat Titilola January 2014 (has links)
The importance ascribed by a nation to the subject of occupational safety and health is reflective in the growth, sustainability and the national development of an economy. Besides the economic benefits stood to be derived from an occupational safety and health structure that is constantly nurtured, there is also the human rights issue. Less industrialised nations still grapple with fundamental challenges brought about by occupational health and safety, challenges which more advanced nations seem to effortlessly address. Nigeria falls into the former category, hence, the interest of this thesis. The knowledge of this menace has been in the consciousness of stakeholders in Nigeria particularly in the recent past years. However, no significant action has been taken to alleviate the situation. There are instruments that deal with the subject of occupational health and safety but they all seem to have their attendant issues which make them either inoperable or of insignificant benefit to the situation of workers in Nigeria. The tardy attitude of the Nigerian Law makers also does not help the situation. This thesis is therefore of the view that until the period the Nigerian Government is able to get its bearing right in designing a suitable piece of legislation that shall address the challenges caused by occupational health and safety, it is possible to seek an alternative approach that shall serve as a safety net towards the protection of workers particularly those that are most vulnerable. This alternative approach that the thesis proposes is the National Industrial Court of Nigeria (NICN), a Court that recently acquired the status of a superior court of record and conferred with extensive Constitutional powers over occupational safety and health matters amongst others. It is the anticipation of this thesis that the Court shall make a positive impact where legislation had failed to succeed in its bidding.
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How EHS managers can influence environmental excellence within their organization /Whitaker, Joseph Mathew. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-66).
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Implications of the Occupational safety and health act for two Michigan hospitals a cost-benefit analysis /Daly, Charles A. January 1974 (has links)
Thesis equivalent (M.H.A.)--University of Michigan, 1974. / "H.A. 752-3."
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Implications of the Occupational safety and health act for two Michigan hospitals a cost-benefit analysis /Daly, Charles A. January 1974 (has links)
Thesis equivalent (M.H.A.)--University of Michigan, 1974. / "H.A. 752-3."
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The welfare economics of occupational safety and health standardsSettle, Russell F. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1974. / Vita. Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.
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The changing nature of employment relationships and its challenge for health and safety lawAl Shaibani, Salha January 2012 (has links)
The thesis explores the challenges faced by health and safety law in the UK as a consequence of the continuous changes in the employment relationship. This primarily covers the growth of the different forms of non-standard work. Health and safety law developed through a number of socio-economic changes in the UK. It has moved from only covering particular areas and particular classes of workers in the nineteenth century to wider areas of occupational health and safety and to include more of those at work. The thesis sets out the issues surrounding non-standard work arrangements and how they might affect the application of health and safety law. Key case-law is examined and the legal changes in the area of health and safety carefully analysed. Research has been carried out by others concerning the reasons for and extent of the changing nature of work as an indicator of the changes that took place in the labour market in general; but the research in this thesis concentrates on how the application of health and safety law is challenged by such changes. The central hypothesis of the thesis is that non-standard work by its very nature might put those who are employed under its various types at more risk than their counterpart standard workers. This hypothesis is developed and explored through the field-work. The field-work took the form of a postal questionnaire to workers in the UK in geographical areas selected for their differing characteristics together with some semi structured interviews which sought to introduce a qualitative data element to the quantitative data in order to enrich and elaborate upon the findings of the questionnaire. Analysis of the completed and returned questionnaires revealed that in today's workplace the nature of risk has changed, with an increase in the psychological risk related to work. Both groups of standard and nonstandard workers suffered from stress-related illness. This illustrates the complexity of the concept of vulnerability and how that might challenge the application of health and safety law and affect its efficacy. A number of unexpected issues surfaced through the field-work, such as that working in the different types of non-standard work were effectively involuntary for some of those who chose to work this way. The main reason for their decisions was to be able to provide for the family income as well as to have more control over work and the ability to combine work with other responsibilities including domestic duties. Despite the relatively low number of non-standard workers who participated in the postal questionnaire, it seems that they are in a better position than was hypothesized at the outset, before the field-work took place. Analysis of the semi-structured interviews revealed that interviewees had considerable knowledge and awareness about their employer's general duties in terms of risk assessment and safety training in addition to other significant aspects. This applies to both standard and non-standard workers, which indicates the important improvement in the management of occupational health and safety. However, a serious issue was common to most of those who suffered accident and/or ill-health from both groups of standard of non-standard workers: not reporting their experiences to their employers. In addition, many of those workers did not seek legal advice following their accident and/or ill-health because of fear and uncertainty about their employers' reaction. The thesis concludes with some reflections on the effectiveness or otherwise of health and safety legislation.
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Áreas limpas: estudo de correlação entre partículas viáveis e não viáveis / Cleanrooms: correlation study between viable and non-viable particulatesAbreu, Catherine Simões de 08 November 1999 (has links)
Este trabalho consiste em um estudo sobre monitoramento ambiental de áreas limpas. Os parâmetros comparados foram partículas não viáveis de 0,5 e 5,0 µm, contaminação do ambiente (UFC do ar) e de superfícies (Rodac®). Procedeu-se ao estudo em áreas de manipulação crítica (Classe A). Nestas áreas, a amostragem foi feita em situações de repouso e dinâmica, antes e após sanitização, e em etapas de certificação e rotina. Os dados de literatura indicam que os parâmetros não são particularmente dependentes do lay out ou classificação das áreas, mas sim do seu uso e do comportamento dos operadores. As conclusões foram positivas quanto a correlação entre diferentes locais de amostragem, para partículas não viáveis de 0,5 e 5,0 µm, e ausência deste tipo de correlação em posições em fluxo laminar. Também, os valores de correlação foram quase sempre decrescentes com a maior limpeza do ambiente. Os microrganismos mais frequentemente isolados, nas áreas A2., A3 e A4 foram Bacillus sp, Staphylococcus sp e Corynebacterium sp. / This paper represents a study about environmental monitoring data for cleanrooms. The parameters that were compared are: total airborne particles of 0.,5 and 5.0 µm, airbome colony forming units (CFU\'s) and CFU\'s on surfaees (Rodac®). Most attention was paid to areas where critical handling is performed (class A areas). In these areas sampling was performed \"at rest\" and \"dynamic\" conditions, before and after sanitization and during certification and routine steps. These data indicates that the parameters are not particularly dependent upon the lay out or classification of areas, but rather on the use of the areas, and how the operators behave in them. Evaluating the data, the conclusion was about a correlation among different sampling places, for total airborne particles of 0.,5 and 5.0 µm, and absence of this kind of correlation in laminar flows positions. Also, correlation values were always increasing with the cleanless of the environment. The microorganisms most frequently isolated in areas A2, A3 and A4 were Bacillus sp, Staphylococcus sp and Corynebacterium sp.
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Reprocessamento e reutilização de cânulas de perfusão / Reprocessing and reuse of perfusion cannulasAlzira Maria da Silva Martins 12 September 2005 (has links)
Os procedimentos utilizados para reprocessamento e reuso de artigos médicos de uso único não estão normalizados nem avaliados quanto a segurança. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: (i) determinar o tempo de esterilização e aeração de cânulas de perfusão em ambiente industrial; (ii) avaliar os níveis de resíduos de óxido de etileno, concentração de endotoxinas e resistência a tração de cânulas de perfusão após reprocessamento e reuso em ambiente hospitalar. No ambiente industrial as cânulas foram submetidas á esterilização com 450mg/L de 10% de óxido de etileno e 90% de CO2 por um período de 2 horas a uma temperatura de 45 a 55° C, umidade entre 30 e 90% aeração com 26 trocas de ar por hora com temperatura de 35°C. No ambiente hospitalar a cânula aramada TF 36460 foi utilizada em procedimento cirúrgico com circulação extracorpórea; lavada com água potável, desinfecção com detergente enzimático, enxague com água potável, embalada em papel grau cirúrgico e reprocessada por óxido de etileno com concentração de 500mg/L de 12% de óxido de etileno e 88% de Freon com tempo de exposição de 240 minutos, temperatura de 53°C, umidade entre 40-60% e aeração em temperatura ambiente. No ambiente industrial o tempo necessário para redução de 12 ciclos logarítmicos (SAL 10-6), foi de 120 minutos, no ambiente hospitalar foi de 240 minutos. O tempo de aeração variou de 19 a 28 horas na área industrial; e no ambiente hospitalar foi de 28 horas. No segundo reuso a cânula apresentou residual de óxido de etileno de 83,09 ppm; acima do limite especificado (≤_25ppm). Os testes de resistência a tração e determinação da concentração de endotoxinas foram realizados até o quarto reuso não apresentando resultados fora dos limites especificados. O procedimento de reuso nas condições atuais realizado em ambiente hospitalar foi reprovado, pois não atendeu aos requisitos de residual de óxido de etileno descritos na portaria Brasileira Interministerial n° 482. / The procedures used during reprocessing of disposables have not been normalized, nor assessed for safety. The objective of this study is to assess sterility, residual rate of ethylene oxide, pyrogenicity and resistance to traction results observed in perfusion cannulas after the sterilization process in industrial environments and after reprocessing and reuse in the hospital environment. In the industrial environment, the cannulas were submitted to sterilization with 450mg/L of EtO and 90% of CO2 during a period of 2 hours and at a temperature of 45-55°C, humidity ranging from 30 to 90% and aeration of 26 air changes per hour at a temperature of 35°C. For the hospital environment, we selected the TF 36460 wired cannula, and after using it on a surgical procedure with extracorporeal circulation, it was washed with clean water, disinfected with enzymatic detergent, rinsed with clean water, wrapped in surgical paper and reprocessed in 500mg/L ethylene oxide of 12% EtO and 88% Freon and exposed for 240 minutes at a temperature of 53°C, humidity ranging from 40 to 60% and aeration at room temperature. In the industrial environment, the time needed for decreasing 12 logarithm cycles (10-6) was 120 minutes, while in the hospital environment it was 240 minutes. The aeration time ranged between 19 and 28 hours in the industrial area, while in the hospital environment it took 28 hours. In the second reuse the cannula presented residual of ethylene oxide of 83,09 ppm; above of the specified limit (≤25_ppm). The physical test and endotoxins concentration had been carried through until for reuse not presented results out of specified. The currently procedure of reuse in the hospital is disapproved therefore does not take care of the limits of ethylene oxide residues, recommended by Interministerial Brazilian regulation 482.
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Reprocessamento e reutilização de cânulas de perfusão / Reprocessing and reuse of perfusion cannulasMartins, Alzira Maria da Silva 12 September 2005 (has links)
Os procedimentos utilizados para reprocessamento e reuso de artigos médicos de uso único não estão normalizados nem avaliados quanto a segurança. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: (i) determinar o tempo de esterilização e aeração de cânulas de perfusão em ambiente industrial; (ii) avaliar os níveis de resíduos de óxido de etileno, concentração de endotoxinas e resistência a tração de cânulas de perfusão após reprocessamento e reuso em ambiente hospitalar. No ambiente industrial as cânulas foram submetidas á esterilização com 450mg/L de 10% de óxido de etileno e 90% de CO2 por um período de 2 horas a uma temperatura de 45 a 55° C, umidade entre 30 e 90% aeração com 26 trocas de ar por hora com temperatura de 35°C. No ambiente hospitalar a cânula aramada TF 36460 foi utilizada em procedimento cirúrgico com circulação extracorpórea; lavada com água potável, desinfecção com detergente enzimático, enxague com água potável, embalada em papel grau cirúrgico e reprocessada por óxido de etileno com concentração de 500mg/L de 12% de óxido de etileno e 88% de Freon com tempo de exposição de 240 minutos, temperatura de 53°C, umidade entre 40-60% e aeração em temperatura ambiente. No ambiente industrial o tempo necessário para redução de 12 ciclos logarítmicos (SAL 10-6), foi de 120 minutos, no ambiente hospitalar foi de 240 minutos. O tempo de aeração variou de 19 a 28 horas na área industrial; e no ambiente hospitalar foi de 28 horas. No segundo reuso a cânula apresentou residual de óxido de etileno de 83,09 ppm; acima do limite especificado (≤_25ppm). Os testes de resistência a tração e determinação da concentração de endotoxinas foram realizados até o quarto reuso não apresentando resultados fora dos limites especificados. O procedimento de reuso nas condições atuais realizado em ambiente hospitalar foi reprovado, pois não atendeu aos requisitos de residual de óxido de etileno descritos na portaria Brasileira Interministerial n° 482. / The procedures used during reprocessing of disposables have not been normalized, nor assessed for safety. The objective of this study is to assess sterility, residual rate of ethylene oxide, pyrogenicity and resistance to traction results observed in perfusion cannulas after the sterilization process in industrial environments and after reprocessing and reuse in the hospital environment. In the industrial environment, the cannulas were submitted to sterilization with 450mg/L of EtO and 90% of CO2 during a period of 2 hours and at a temperature of 45-55°C, humidity ranging from 30 to 90% and aeration of 26 air changes per hour at a temperature of 35°C. For the hospital environment, we selected the TF 36460 wired cannula, and after using it on a surgical procedure with extracorporeal circulation, it was washed with clean water, disinfected with enzymatic detergent, rinsed with clean water, wrapped in surgical paper and reprocessed in 500mg/L ethylene oxide of 12% EtO and 88% Freon and exposed for 240 minutes at a temperature of 53°C, humidity ranging from 40 to 60% and aeration at room temperature. In the industrial environment, the time needed for decreasing 12 logarithm cycles (10-6) was 120 minutes, while in the hospital environment it was 240 minutes. The aeration time ranged between 19 and 28 hours in the industrial area, while in the hospital environment it took 28 hours. In the second reuse the cannula presented residual of ethylene oxide of 83,09 ppm; above of the specified limit (≤25_ppm). The physical test and endotoxins concentration had been carried through until for reuse not presented results out of specified. The currently procedure of reuse in the hospital is disapproved therefore does not take care of the limits of ethylene oxide residues, recommended by Interministerial Brazilian regulation 482.
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Áreas limpas: estudo de correlação entre partículas viáveis e não viáveis / Cleanrooms: correlation study between viable and non-viable particulatesCatherine Simões de Abreu 08 November 1999 (has links)
Este trabalho consiste em um estudo sobre monitoramento ambiental de áreas limpas. Os parâmetros comparados foram partículas não viáveis de 0,5 e 5,0 µm, contaminação do ambiente (UFC do ar) e de superfícies (Rodac®). Procedeu-se ao estudo em áreas de manipulação crítica (Classe A). Nestas áreas, a amostragem foi feita em situações de repouso e dinâmica, antes e após sanitização, e em etapas de certificação e rotina. Os dados de literatura indicam que os parâmetros não são particularmente dependentes do lay out ou classificação das áreas, mas sim do seu uso e do comportamento dos operadores. As conclusões foram positivas quanto a correlação entre diferentes locais de amostragem, para partículas não viáveis de 0,5 e 5,0 µm, e ausência deste tipo de correlação em posições em fluxo laminar. Também, os valores de correlação foram quase sempre decrescentes com a maior limpeza do ambiente. Os microrganismos mais frequentemente isolados, nas áreas A2., A3 e A4 foram Bacillus sp, Staphylococcus sp e Corynebacterium sp. / This paper represents a study about environmental monitoring data for cleanrooms. The parameters that were compared are: total airborne particles of 0.,5 and 5.0 µm, airbome colony forming units (CFU\'s) and CFU\'s on surfaees (Rodac®). Most attention was paid to areas where critical handling is performed (class A areas). In these areas sampling was performed \"at rest\" and \"dynamic\" conditions, before and after sanitization and during certification and routine steps. These data indicates that the parameters are not particularly dependent upon the lay out or classification of areas, but rather on the use of the areas, and how the operators behave in them. Evaluating the data, the conclusion was about a correlation among different sampling places, for total airborne particles of 0.,5 and 5.0 µm, and absence of this kind of correlation in laminar flows positions. Also, correlation values were always increasing with the cleanless of the environment. The microorganisms most frequently isolated in areas A2, A3 and A4 were Bacillus sp, Staphylococcus sp and Corynebacterium sp.
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