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Thesis (Ph.D.(Mechanical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2001. Includes bibliographical references. / Summaries in Afrikaans and English.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 296-300).

Orientador: Hugo Enrique Hernandez Figueroa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T12:10:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jeronimo_JoiceLuiz_M.pdf: 4749050 bytes, checksum: f44d530638f8a8121e171afc306321ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Este trabalho trata do estudo de máquinas industriais de solda por indução eletromagnética na faixa de Rádio Freqüência (RF), visando modelos robustos baseados em circuitos de parâmetros concentrados. Tipicamente as máquinas industriais para a aplicação em questão, apresentam três estágios; a fonte (geração de energia eletromagnética), blindagem e filtragem (através de uma cavidade), e alimentação da carga. Por se tratar de um equipamento de alta potência (dezenas de KVs), a fonte consiste num oscilador à válvula, na faixa 20-50 MHz. A fonte excita uma cavidade que ressoa e funciona como um armazenador dessa radiação eletromagnética e um filtro de freqüência. Finalmente a energia da cavidade é extraída através de dispositivo análogo a uma linha de transmissão e colocado em contato com a carga, isto é, o material a ser soldado. Os modelos propostos fazem uso de circuitos equivalentes eficientes obtidos para as válvulas e as cavidades eletromagnéticas utilizadas, e foram validados através de testes experimentais minuciosos aplicados a uma máquina de fabricação nacional, líder de vendas no mercado latino-americano. / Abstract: This work is related to the study of electromagnetic weld industrial machines operating in radio frequency band aiming robust models based on concentrated parameters circuits. Typically, those machines have three steps: the power source (electromagnetic energy generation), shielding and filtering (through cavity) and load power supply. Since the equipment demands high power (dozen of KVs), the power source consists of a valve oscillator of 20-50MHz bandwidth. The power source excites a cavity that resonants and works like a storing of electromagnetic radiation and a frequency filter. Finally, the cavity energy is extracted through a device that works like a transmission line and sent to the load, that means, the material to be welded. The proposed models use efficient equivalent circuits found for the machine valves and cavities, and they were validated through detailed experiments on a machine produced for a Brazilian company, leader of the Latin American market. / Mestrado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

The increased penetration of servitization is an ongoing trend within the industrial machinery space. This typically means that industrial machinery manufactures themselves retain ownership of the machinery they manufacture whilst also taking over maintenance operations. Essentially, offering customers a netresult. Servitization has several documented benefits for both customers and manufactures. Forcustomers it offers certainty in terms of operationality and costs. Whilst for manufacturers it generates stability in revenue generation and increasingly ties customers closer to their orbit. On a different note, record low interest levels coupled with developments within asset management such as the endowment model has resulted in that institutional investor such as pension funds have redirected capital towards alternative assets such as non-listed real assets. The shift has been so profound that many are struggling to find attractive real assets and thus institutional capital is looking for new types of real assets. Servitization and institutional investment has largely existed in separate silos. The study has studied an intersection of these two domains and has firstly found that servitized industrial machinery has several core attributes clearly align with infrastructure. These traits include non-cyclical and long-term revenue, long(er) lifetime, quasimonopolistic, and environmental benefits. The study indicates that as servitization becomes more widespread, industrial manufactures realize that servitization will result in more deployed capital. Therefore, companies will need to find new forms of financing for their servitization operations. From a financing point of view, companies prefer debt-based financing such as asset backed securities such that operational control can still be had. The study found that the core attributes of servitization and its closeness to infrastructure is appealing for institutional investors and see it as a possible future real asset investment class however, institutional investors feel unsure how to properly gauge the longevity of specific types of industrial machinery. Institutional investors who participated in the study have almost exclusively invested in real asset through equity. However, in regard to the financing of servitized industrial machinery, investors are also willing to invest via debt, if the expected returns justify the risk taken. The study indicates that there is a clear linkage between servitized industrial machinery and infrastructure whilst also demonstrating a substantial interest from industrial machinery manufacturers and institutional investors to engage with each other for the financing of servitized industrial machinery going forward. / Inom maskintillverkningsindustrin har tjänstefiering (servitization) blivit en allt viktigare del. Tjänstefiering innebär att maskintillverkare behåller ägandeskap av de maskiner de tillverkar samtidigt som de ansvarar för underhållet av dessa. Därmed erbjuder maskintillverkare sina kunder en tjänst dvs kapabiliteten i vad en industriell maskin kan leverera. Tjänstefieringen av industriella maskiner har ett flertal dokumenterade fördelar både för kunder och maskintillverkare. För kunder innebär tjänstefiering en ökad kännedom kring kostnader och en ökad säkerhet för att maskiner skall fungera. För maskintillverkare medför tjänstefieringen ökad stabilitet i försäljning samt ökar betydelsen av dem hos sina kunder. På ett helt annat plan, har rekordlåga räntenivåer tillsammans med utveckling inom fondförvaltning såsom endowment modellen resulterat i att institutionella investerare allokerat en allt större andel av sitt kapital i alternativa tillgångar såsom i icke-noterade reala tillgångar. Detta skifte har resulterat i att många investerare har svårt att hitta tillräckligt attraktiva tillgångar då kampen om dessa reala tillgångar hårdnat vilket har resulterat till att driva upp priset på dessa tillgångar. Tjänstefiering och institutionell investering har till stor del existerat i skilda domäner. Denna studie har undersökt en skärningspunkt mellan dessa två domäner och har bland annat funnit att tjänstefierade industriella maskiner besitter flera likheter med infrastruktur så som icke-cykliska och långsiktiga intäktströmmar, långa tekniska livslängder, kvasi-monopolistisk ställning samt positiva hållbarhetsaspekter. Industriella maskintillverkare som deltagit i studien vittnar om att nya finansieringsformer kommer behövas då tjänstefieringen med all sannolikhet kommer utgöra en väsentlig del av affären framöver och därmed binda mer kapital, allt annat lika. För att finansiera denna affär föredrar företagen skuldfinansiering då det blir enklare att hantera organisatoriskt. Studien finner att attributen av tjänstefierade industriella maskiner och dess likheter med infrastruktur är intressanta för investerare och de ser detta som en framtida realtillgångsklass. Däremot känner sig investerarna osäkra kring hur man skall beakta livslängden kring olika typer av maskiner. Investerare som deltagit i studien har tidigare allokerat ytterst lite av sina realtillgångar via skuldinstrument. Investerare är däremot öppna att investera vi både skuldtillgångar och via eget kapital, såvida den förväntade avkastningen upplevs som fördelaktig i relation till den risk som tas. Studien indikerar att den finns en koppling mellan tjänstefierade industriella maskiner och infrastruktur samt visat att det finns intresse från både investerare och maskintillverkare för att nya former av finansiering för tjänstefierade industriella maskiner i framtiden.