No description available.

Knowledge of price responsiveness of energy is important for designing effective price-based controls to curb the GHG emissions in Canada. The translog and logit models are developed in this study to analyze the demand for four types of energy inputs: coal, electricity, natural gas and refined petroleum products in Ontario's pulp and paper industry. The results suggest that the industry is inelastic to price change of energy consumed. Tests indicate that the translog model behaves slightly better than the logit model. The translog model was then applied to study the feasibility of imposing a carbon tax on energy inputs on Ontario's pulp and paper industry, which indicated that this sector does not seem to response to changes in energy inputs prices. Therefore, a carbon tax does not seem to be a good policy option for decreasing greenhouse gas emissions in this sector.

No description available.

Orientador: Luís Carlos Origa de Oliveira / Banca: Kleiber David Rodrigues / Banca: Jose Carlos Rossi / Resumo: Perturbações no suprimento de eletricidade podem originar mau funcionamento de equipamentos que dependem de atividades elétricas. A hora da ocorrência, a duração, repetição e previsibilidade devem ser consideradas. Em horários de produção máxima pequenas falhas passam a representar grandes prejuízos. Esta pesquisa pretende obter um valor mais pró ximo possível da realidade dos custos decorrentes das falhas no setor industrial, buscando chegar a um valor agregado à economia do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. A análise direta quantifica as perdas econômicas causadas por interrupções e afundamentos de tensão provocados por distú rbios no sistema, principalmente curtos-circuitos. A contabilização das falhas no sistema elétrico foi realizada a partir de medições em pontos de controle da indústria Avanti, instalada no município de Três Lagoas-MS. O mapeamento do ambiente quanto à incidência de afundamento de tensão se baseia na norma americana IEEE Standard 1346, que associa os aspectos técnicos e financeiros na análise da compatibilidade dos equipamentos de processos com a rede elétrica que os alimenta. Os riscos de impactos para os consumidores são analisados a partir das normas sul-africanas NRS-048 e americana IEEE Standard 446. Os indicadores da pesquisa revelam que a operação com carga mais elevada aumenta a incidência dos afundamentos de tensão. Os afundamentos e os curtos-circuitos que os provocam ocorrem em locais e situaçõ es extremamente variáveis. Torna-se importante o conhecimento do ambiente da empresa quanto à incidência de faltas para possibilitar uma análise prévia, por meio da qual seja possível especificar adequadamente os equipamentos a serem instalados propiciando melhorias no desempenho dos sistemas de proteção e controle e no isolamento rápido da área onde houve a falta. O consumidor precisa ser mais bem orientado... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Disturbances in power distribution show bad equipment performance that depends of electrical activities. We should consider time occurrence duration, repetition and previsibility. At certain times few consumers are affected although for industrial processes working the whole day this can be a time of full production, since energy rates are lower and small disturbances in power distribution can represent great economic losses. This research intends to access the most real cost value from voltage variation, and to find an aggregated value to the southeastern economy in Mato Grosso do Sul. The direct analysis accounts the economic losses due to interruptions and voltage sags caused by system disturbances, mainly short-circuits. The electric energy system voltage sags considered was based on measurements at the network connection points in Avanti industry, installed in Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul. The consideration of sags incidence was based on the American IEEE Standard 1346, which relates the technical and financial aspects and compatibility analysis of the process equipment with the feeding electrical network. The consumers impact risks are analysed by the South African NR048 and the American IEEE Standard 446. Indicators in the research show that load operation increases sags incidence. Voltage sags and short-circuits that caused them occur in variable places and situations. The environment sags incidence knowledge allows a better project of the new system customers, allowing a previous analysis and adequate specification of the equipment required to be installed. The power supplier offers the protective and control system performance improvement with a quick isolation of the area where the sag is located. The consumer should be well informed on voltage sag vulnerability to avoid equipment economic losses, avoiding also concerning with compatibility analysis in the process equipment... (Complete abstract click electronic address below) / Mestre

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Open University. BLDSC no. DX204584.

Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The importance of waste management is growing rapidly for several reasons. These reasons include the escalating cost of wastewater treatment and cleaning chemicals, an emerging trend of onerous regulatory regime regarding e uent disposal from governments, rising public awareness on the adverse e ects of industrial waste as well as drastic reduc- tion in water resources in the winegrowing regions. In addition, owing to the large energy demand for refrigeration purposes for high quality wine production and rapidly increasing energy costs, the challenges of energy management in the wine industry were also inves- tigated. In order to address these challenges adequately, the solutions were derived via the integration of two disciplines: environmental science (waste and energy management) and computer science (applications of arti cial intelligence). Therefore, the ndings re- ported from this study seek to advance knowledge through the construction of decision support systems for waste and energy management in circumstances where conventional mathematical formalisms are inadequate. In that sense, the dissertation constitutes in- terdisciplinary research on the application of integrated arti cial intelligence technologies (expert systems and fuzzy logic) in designing and developing decision tools for waste and energy management in the wine industry. The dissertation rst presents the domain of interest, where the scope and breadth of the problems it addresses are clearly de ned. Critical examination of the domain data- bases revealed that data, information, and knowledge for waste and energy management in the wine industry are generally incomplete and lack structure overall. Owing to these characteristics, a hybrid system approach was proposed for the development of decision support systems based on fuzzy logic. The integrated decision support systems were de- veloped based on an object-oriented architecture. This approach facilitated the exible design required for waste and energy management-related complex problem-solving. To illustrate the applicability of the o -line decision tools developed, several case stud- ies mirroring on actual industrial practices were considered. These systems were found to be robust and yielded results that were in accordance with actual industrial practices inthe wine industry. Furthermore, they provided intelligent suggestions in scenarios where there was minimal information, and under certain instances they o ered feasible sugges- tions in circumstances where a human novice could have problems in making the right decisions. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die belangrikheid van afvalbestuur neem om verskeie redes vinnig toe. Die redes sluit in die eskalerende koste van afvalwaterbehandeling en skoonmaakmiddels, streng regula- toriese vereistes van regeringskant met betrekking tot die verwydering van uitvloeisels, toenemende openbare bewustheid van die nadelinge e ekte van nywerheidsafval, sowel as die drastiese afname in waterbronne in wynproduserende omgewings. Daarby, a.g.v. die groot energieverbruik wat deur die verkoeling van hokwaliteitwyn vereis word en die snelgroeiende energiekoste, is die uitdagings van energiebestuur in die wynbedryf ook on- dersoek. Ten einde die uitdagings die hoof te kon bied, is oplossings gevind deur die integrasie van twee disciplines: omgewingswetenskap (afval- en energiebestuur) en rekenaarweten- skap (toepassings van kunsmatige intelligensie). Gevolglik is daar deur die bevindinge van die studie gepoog om kennis te bevorder deur die konstruksie van besluitnemingson- dersteuningstelsels vir afval- en energiebestuur onder omstandighede waar konvensionele wiskundige algoritmes ontoereikend sou wees. In die opsig verteenwoordig die proefskrif interdissiplinre navorsing in die toepassing van gentegreerde kunsmatige intelligensieteg- nologie (kundige stelsels en wasige logika) in die ontwerp en ontwikkeling van besluitne- mingshulpmiddels vir afval- en energiebestuur in die wynindustrie. Die proefskrif baken eers die probleemgebied af, waarna die bestek en omvang van die probleme waarop die werk gemik is duidelik gede nieer word. Kritiese ondersoek van die databasisse in die domein het getoon dat die data, informasie en kennis oor afval- en energiebestuur in die wynbedryf in die algemeen onvolledig en gebrekkig gestruktureer is. A.g.v. di eienskappe, is 'n hibriede stelselbeandering voorgestel vir die ontwikkeling van besluitnemingstelsels gegrond op wasige logika. Die gentegreerde besluitnemingsonders- teuningstelsels is ontwikkel op 'n objek-georinteerde argitektuur. Die benadering het die daarstelling van 'n buigsame ontwerp wat benodig word vir komplekse probleemoplossing in afval- en energiebestuur vergemaklik. Om die toepaslikheid van die a ynige besluitnemingshulpmiddels wat ontwerp is, te illustreer, is verskeie gevallestudies wat werklike industrile praktyk uitbeeld beskou. Diestelsels was robuust en het resultate gelewer wat in ooreenstemming was met werklike industrile praktyke in die wynnywerheid. Die kundige stelsels het verder intelligente voorstelle gemaak in scenarios waar daar minimale informasie beskikbaar was, en onder sekere omstandighede het hulle realistiese oplossings voorgestel waar 'n onkundige persoon probleme sou gehad he tom die regte besluite te kon neem.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1993.

Thesis (M.S.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Mechanical Engineering. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-02-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:08:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cangucu_na_me_ilha.pdf: 844716 bytes, checksum: ece2a33351446fe45a90dc61e6373436 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Perturbações no suprimento de eletricidade podem originar mau funcionamento de equipamentos que dependem de atividades elétricas. A hora da ocorrência, a duração, repetição e previsibilidade devem ser consideradas. Em horários de produção máxima pequenas falhas passam a representar grandes prejuízos. Esta pesquisa pretende obter um valor mais pró ximo possível da realidade dos custos decorrentes das falhas no setor industrial, buscando chegar a um valor agregado à economia do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. A análise direta quantifica as perdas econômicas causadas por interrupções e afundamentos de tensão provocados por distú rbios no sistema, principalmente curtos-circuitos. A contabilização das falhas no sistema elétrico foi realizada a partir de medições em pontos de controle da indústria Avanti, instalada no município de Três Lagoas-MS. O mapeamento do ambiente quanto à incidência de afundamento de tensão se baseia na norma americana IEEE Standard 1346, que associa os aspectos técnicos e financeiros na análise da compatibilidade dos equipamentos de processos com a rede elétrica que os alimenta. Os riscos de impactos para os consumidores são analisados a partir das normas sul-africanas NRS-048 e americana IEEE Standard 446. Os indicadores da pesquisa revelam que a operação com carga mais elevada aumenta a incidência dos afundamentos de tensão. Os afundamentos e os curtos-circuitos que os provocam ocorrem em locais e situaçõ es extremamente variáveis. Torna-se importante o conhecimento do ambiente da empresa quanto à incidência de faltas para possibilitar uma análise prévia, por meio da qual seja possível especificar adequadamente os equipamentos a serem instalados propiciando melhorias no desempenho dos sistemas de proteção e controle e no isolamento rápido da área onde houve a falta. O consumidor precisa ser mais bem orientado... / Disturbances in power distribution show bad equipment performance that depends of electrical activities. We should consider time occurrence duration, repetition and previsibility. At certain times few consumers are affected although for industrial processes working the whole day this can be a time of full production, since energy rates are lower and small disturbances in power distribution can represent great economic losses. This research intends to access the most real cost value from voltage variation, and to find an aggregated value to the southeastern economy in Mato Grosso do Sul. The direct analysis accounts the economic losses due to interruptions and voltage sags caused by system disturbances, mainly short-circuits. The electric energy system voltage sags considered was based on measurements at the network connection points in Avanti industry, installed in Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul. The consideration of sags incidence was based on the American IEEE Standard 1346, which relates the technical and financial aspects and compatibility analysis of the process equipment with the feeding electrical network. The consumers impact risks are analysed by the South African NR048 and the American IEEE Standard 446. Indicators in the research show that load operation increases sags incidence. Voltage sags and short-circuits that caused them occur in variable places and situations. The environment sags incidence knowledge allows a better project of the new system customers, allowing a previous analysis and adequate specification of the equipment required to be installed. The power supplier offers the protective and control system performance improvement with a quick isolation of the area where the sag is located. The consumer should be well informed on voltage sag vulnerability to avoid equipment economic losses, avoiding also concerning with compatibility analysis in the process equipment... (Complete abstract click electronic address below)

Thesis (MTech (Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010. / In recent years, the South African hotel industry has experienced increasing demand for hotel's services. At the same time, mounting costs of energy affects energy performance and public image. Energy management is a new approach to address those widespread problems. This study aimed to suggest good management practices and develop a "self-help" approach, to reduce the demand and costs of energy for the South Africa hotel industry. This is expected to result in monetary savings and conservation of energy resources. This has been done by conducting survey within seven selected hotels in Cape Town, metropolitan of South Africa. In addition, through the "self-help" guide, approaches to energy management system are also described, showing the ways for hotels to achieve better energy performance. Potentials for savings from good housekeeping are estimated to 10 - 15%. The "self-help" guide is recommended to be improved through implementation in pilot hotels; and the proposal set of benchmarks need to be different for hotels in different provinces of South Africa considering the differences in climate conditions. The result of this study range from presenting the energy conservation awareness, barriers, method of conservation, financial and institution mechanisms, policy measures, status of energy use and propose strategy to develop a "Self-help" guide for energy management in South African Hotel industry. It has been found that energy monitoring has been done in the South African Cape Town hotels. From the total energy consumed by this industry, electricity accounts 80% of it of which air conditioning takes the biggest share (about 50%) and the remaining for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), diesel and others fuels. In addition, through the "self-help" guide, approaches to energy management system are also described, showing the ways for hotels to achieve better energy performance. Potentials for savings from good housekeeping are estimated to 10 - 15%. The "self-help" guide is recommended to be improved through implementation in pilot hotels; and the proposal set of benchmarks need to be different for hotels in different provinces of South Africa considering the differences in climate conditions.