Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-11-01T18:34:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Rog?ria Lima de Ara?jo Frech Domingues.pdf: 931514 bytes, checksum: bcfe6154860c2d67a60457127d076f58 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-01T18:34:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Rog?ria Lima de Ara?jo Frech Domingues.pdf: 931514 bytes, checksum: bcfe6154860c2d67a60457127d076f58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-06 / CAPES / This study aims to present a methodology to develop the reading habit of the students of the 9th grade of elementary school in the state public school system, so that the mature as players. The objectives defined in this research were to establish a parallel between the teaching of reading and the reader in the construction of meaning; propose some actions of teaching practices conducive to teaching inferences as well as expanding slightly the reality of classes in public schools. The use of texts related to gender "chronic" permeated the activities proposed for analysis and data collection, as it served as the basis for the planning and execution of the reading classes of students during the pedagogical intervention period. The concern in setting a teaching practice that rescue the importance of reading for the student's social life is suggested in all the processes of research, since one of the functions of the teacher of Portuguese Language is to be a literacy agent. / O presente trabalho busca apresentar uma metodologia que desenvolva o h?bito de leitura dos alunos do 9? ano do ensino Fundamental da rede p?blica estadual de ensino, a fim de que os amadure?a enquanto leitores. Os objetivos definidos nesta pesquisa foram estabelecer um paralelo entre o ensino da leitura e o leitor na constru??o de sentidos; propor algumas a??es de pr?ticas docentes favor?veis ao ensino de infer?ncias, al?m de fomentar um pouco a realidade das classes da rede p?blica de ensino. O uso de textos relacionados ao g?nero ?cr?nica? permeou as atividades propostas para an?lise e coleta de dados, j? que serviram como base para o planejamento e execu??o das aulas de leitura dos alunos durante o per?odo de interven??o pedag?gica. A preocupa??o em ajustar uma pr?tica docente que resgate a import?ncia da leitura para a vida social do educando est? sugerida em todos os processos da pesquisa, uma vez que uma das fun??es do professor de L?ngua Portuguesa ? ser um agente de letramento.

Submitted by PPG Letras (letraspg@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-27T17:15:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta??o_Pamella Rosa.pdf: 914508 bytes, checksum: f910512febe793bf9898bc99510d10eb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lopes (tatiana.lopes@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-06T19:36:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta??o_Pamella Rosa.pdf: 914508 bytes, checksum: f910512febe793bf9898bc99510d10eb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-06T19:43:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta??o_Pamella Rosa.pdf: 914508 bytes, checksum: f910512febe793bf9898bc99510d10eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The Pragmatics, a sub-area of Linguistics which integrates this work, studies the language in use, devoting itself to the understanding of the real meaning, including concepts such as inferences, context and subjectivity. The work developed here is a bibliographical one, constructed in such a way as to form a consistent theoretical basis on the generalized conversational inferences, in order to present a meta- analysis of selected articles involving these inferences and theories presented. The general objective of this dissertation is to compare the post and Neo-Gricean approach of cases of inferences, focusing on generalized conversational implicatures, in selected experiments, with specific objectives to understand the histories and philosophical bases related to Pragmatics, to discuss concepts relevant to the Gricean theory (Grice, 1957/1975), Post-Gricean (Sperber & Wilson, 1995) and Neo-Gricean (Levinson, 2000), observe the properties of inferences in theories and analyze pragmatic experiments concerning generalized conversational implicatures in order to understand how the inference process occurs in communicative practice and how the interpretation of generalized implicatures in human communication occurs. This proposal was developed due to the need for studies concerning the process of inferentiation, in order to contribute to an improvement of the study of communication through the understanding of the inferential process. The study made possible the understanding of how the neo and post-gricean theories describe the communication and the way in which this description is applied in the communicative dialogues. In addition, it was possible to observe the importance of understanding the historical and philosophical bases, allowing a delineation of the description and the pragmatic objects developed in this work, recognizing the proximity in the semantic-pragmatic relations, highlighting the standard implicatures of Levinson (2000) as responsible for importance of this approach for the understanding of the levels of meaning, verifying how the Neo and Post-Gricean theories occur with regard to generalized conversational inferences by means of a comparison between these pragmatic perspectives and the projection of the theory that best corresponds to the communicative practice to this type of implicature, advancing in the understanding of how the process of implication of the generalized implicatures occurs, understanding that, although the post-gricean approach better predicts the interpretation of this type of implicature, it is necessary to recognize the importance of Neo-Griceans of the scalar implicatures from lexical scales. / A Pragm?tica, sub?rea da Lingu?stica a qual se integra este trabalho, estuda a linguagem em uso, dedicando-se ? compreens?o do significado real, incluindo, pois, conceitos como infer?ncias, contexto e subjetividade. O trabalho aqui desenvolvido ? de cunho bibliogr?fico, constru?do de maneira a formar uma base te?rica consistente acerca das infer?ncias conversacionais generalizadas para, ent?o, apresentar uma meta-an?lise de artigos selecionados envolvendo essas infer?ncias e teorias apresentadas. O objetivo geral desta disserta??o ? comparar a abordagem p?s e neogriceana de casos de infer?ncias, focando nas implicaturas conversacionais generalizadas, em experimentos selecionados, tendo como objetivos espec?ficos compreender as bases hist?rias e filos?ficas relacionadas ? Pragm?tica, discutir conceitos relevantes para a teoria griceana (Grice, 1957/1975), p?s-griceana (Sperber & Wilson, 1995) e neogriceana (Levinson, 2000), observar as propriedades das infer?ncias nas teorias e analisar experimentos pragm?ticos referentes ?s implicaturas conversacionais generalizadas a fim de compreender como ocorre o processo de inferencia??o na pr?tica comunicativa e como ocorre a intepreta??o das implicaturas generalizadas na comunica??o humana. Esta proposta foi desenvolvida devido ? necessidade de estudos referentes ao processo de inferencia??o, a fim de contribuir para uma melhoria do estudo da comunica??o por meio da compreens?o do processo inferencial. O estudo possibilitou a compreens?o da maneira como as teorias neo e p?s-griceanas descrevem a comunica??o e o modo como tal descri??o ? aplicada nos di?logos comunicativos. Al?m disso, foi poss?vel observar a import?ncia da compreens?o das bases hist?ricas e filos?ficas, permitindo um delineamento da descri??o e dos objetos pragm?ticos desenvolvidos neste trabalho, reconhecer a proximidade nas rela??es sem?ntico-pragm?ticas, destacando as implicaturas padr?es de Levinson (2000) como respons?veis pela import?ncia desta abordagem para o entendimento dos n?veis do significado, verificando como ocorrem as teorias neo e p?s-griceanas no que se refere a infer?ncias conversacionais generalizadas por meio de compara??o entre estas perspectivas pragm?ticas e proje??o da teoria que melhor corresponde ? pr?tica comunicativa a este tipo de implicatura, avan?ando na compreens?o do modo de como ocorre o processo de implica??o das implicaturas generalizadas, compreendendo que, apesar de a abordagem p?s-griceana melhor predizer o modo como ocorre a interpreta??o deste tipo de implicatura, ? necess?rio reconhecer a import?ncia dos neogriceanos acerca da significa??o das implicaturas escalares a partir de escalas lexicais.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:12:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RenatoMJ.pdf: 302842 bytes, checksum: 740d121ea6f32e914bba6e0a61a27825 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-11-26 / Starting from the idea that the result of the Humean analysis of causal inferences must be applied coherently to the remaining part of his work, including its moral theory, the present master thesis aims at investigating whether Hume?s moral philosophy is essentially based on feeling, or whether this would not be rather essentially a consequence of our causal inferences in human actions and deliberations. The main idea consists in showing that our moral inferences, to the extent that they are for Hume empirical , depend on our belief in a connexion between something which has been previously observed and something which is not being observed ( but that it is expected to occur or to be observed in the future). Thus, this very belief must base our moral inferences concerning the actions and deliberations of the individuals. Therefore, must e o ipso induce us to associate actions and behaviors, as well as character and moral claims of men to certain moral feelings. Accordingly, the thesis is unfolded in three chapters. In the first chapter Hume?s theory of the perception is reported as essential part of the explanation or the principles that bind ideas in our mind and constitute our inferences. In the second chapter, the Humean analysis of causal inferences is presented and the way they contribute in the formation of our moral inferences is explained. In the third and last chapter, the formation of our moral inferences and the real contribution of the doctrine of freedom and necessity for the examination or our actions are analysed and discussed. / Partindo da id?ia de que o resultado da an?lise humeana das infer?ncias causais deve aplicar-se coerentemente ao restante de sua obra, incluindo sua teoria moral, a presente disserta??o objetiva investigar se a filosofia moral de Hume se fundamenta no sentimento, ou se isto n?o seria antes essencialmente uma conseq??ncia de nossas infer?ncias causais. A id?ia central consiste em mostrar que nossas infer?ncias morais, na medida em que para Hume s?o emp?ricas, dependem da nossa cren?a em uma conex?o entre o que foi anteriormente observado e algo que n?o ? observado ( mas espera-se ocorrer ou observar-se no futuro ). Assim, essa mesma cren?a fundamentaria nossas infer?ncias morais sobre as a??es dos indiv?duos, e conseq?entemente, nos levaria a associar determinados comportamentos, bem como o car?ter e as convic??es morais dos homens a certos sentimentos morais . A disserta??o desdobra-se em tr?s cap?tulos. No primeiro cap?tulo relata-se a teoria da percep??o e mostra-se que ela constitui parte essencial da explica??o das nossas infer?ncias . No segundo cap?tulo, trata-se da an?lise das infer?ncias causais e como contribuem na forma??o das nossas infer?ncias morais. No terceiro, a partir da an?lise anterior, investiga-se a forma??o de nossas infer?ncias morais e a real contribui??o da doutrina da necessidade e da liberdade para o exame de nossas a??es.