This (Diplom-) thesis deals with the particle trajectories of an incompressible and ideal fluid flow in 𝑛 ≥ 2 dimensions. It presents a complete and detailed proof of the surprising fact that the trajectories of a smooth solution of the incompressible Euler equations are locally analytic in time. In following the approach of P. Serfati, a complex ordinary differential equation (ODE) is investigated which can be seen as a complex extension of a partial differential equation, which is solved by the trajectories. The right hand side of this ODE is in fact given by a singular integral operator which coincides with the pressure gradient along the trajectories. Eventually, we may apply the Cauchy-Lipschitz existence theorem involving holomorphic maps between complex Banach spaces in order to get a unique solution for the above mentioned ODE. This solution is real-analytic in time and coincides with the particle trajectories.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第20882号 / 理博第4334号 / 新制||理||1623(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科数学・数理解析専攻 / (主査)教授 加藤 毅, 教授 上 正明, 准教授 入谷 寛 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Various properties of linear infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems are studied. The structural stability of the Vlasov-Poisson equation linearized around a homogeneous stable equilibrium [mathematical symbol] is investigated in a Banach space setting. It is found that when perturbations of [mathematical symbols] are allowed to live in the space [mathematical symbols], every equilibrium is structurally unstable. When perturbations are restricted to area preserving rearrangements of [mathematical symbol], structural stability exists if and only if there is negative signature in the continuous spectrum. This analogizes Krein's theorem for linear finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems. The techniques used to prove this theorem are applied to other aspects of the linearized Vlasov-Poisson equation, in particular the energy of discrete modes which are embedded within the continuous spectrum. In the second part, an integral transformation that exactly diagonalizes the Caldeira-Leggett model is presented. The resulting form of the Hamiltonian, derived using canonical transformations, is shown to be identical to that of the linearized Vlasov-Poisson equation. The damping mechanism in the Caldeira-Leggett model is identified with the Landau damping of a plasma. The correspondence between the two systems suggests the presence of an echo effect in the Caldeira-Leggett model. Generalizations of the Caldeira-Leggett model with negative energy are studied and interpreted in the context of Krein's theorem. / text

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We show that, for any tubular algebra, the lattice of pp-definable subgroups of the direct sum of all indecomposable pure-injective modules of slope r has m-dimension 2 if r is rational, and undefined breadth if r is irrational- and hence that there are no superdecomposable pure-injectives of rational slope, but there are superdecomposable pure-injectives of irrational slope, if the underlying field is countable.We determine the pure-injective hull of every direct sum string module over a string algebra. If A is a domestic string algebra such that the width of the lattice of pp-formulas has defined breadth, then classify "almost all" of the pure-injective indecomposable A-modules.

Infinite-Dimensional Systems (IDSs) which have been made possible by recent advances in mathematical and computational tools can be used to model complex real phenomena. However, due to physical, economic, or stringent non-invasive constraints on real systems, the underlying characteristics for mathematical models in general (and IDSs in particular) are often missing or subject to uncertainty. Therefore, developing efficient estimation techniques to extract missing pieces of information from available measurements is essential. The human brain is an example of IDSs with severe constraints on information collection from controlled experiments and invasive sensors. Investigating the intriguing modeling potential of the brain is, in fact, the main motivation for this work. Here, we will characterize the hemodynamic behavior of the brain using functional magnetic resonance imaging data. In this regard, we propose efficient estimation methods for two classes of IDSs, namely Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) and Fractional Differential Equations (FDEs). This work is divided into two parts. The first part addresses the joint estimation problem of the state, parameters, and input for a coupled second-order hyperbolic PDE and an infinite-dimensional ordinary differential equation using sampled-in-space measurements. Two estimation techniques are proposed: a Kalman-based algorithm that relies on a reduced finite-dimensional model of the IDS, and an infinite-dimensional adaptive estimator whose convergence proof is based on the Lyapunov approach. We study and discuss the identifiability of the unknown variables for both cases. The second part contributes to the development of estimation methods for FDEs where major challenges arise in estimating fractional differentiation orders and non-smooth pointwise inputs. First, we propose a fractional high-order sliding mode observer to jointly estimate the pseudo-state and input of commensurate FDEs. Second, we propose a modulating function-based algorithm for the joint estimation of the parameters and fractional differentiation orders of non-commensurate FDEs. Sufficient conditions ensuring the local convergence of the proposed algorithm are provided. Subsequently, we extend the latter technique to estimate smooth and non-smooth pointwise inputs. The performance of the proposed estimation techniques is illustrated on a neurovascular-hemodynamic response model. However, the formulations are efficiently generic to be applied to a wide set of additional applications.

The Unruh effect is one of the most startling predictions of quantum field theory. Its interpretation has been controversially discussed, since the first publications of Fulling, Davies and Unruh in the 1970ties. In a recent paper Buchholz and Solveen proposed an application of basic thermodynamic definitions to clarify the meaning of temperature and thermal equilibrium in the Unruh effect. As a result the interpretation of the KMS-parameter as an expression of local temperature has been questioned. The main result of my diploma thesis asserts quasi-equivalence of the disputed KMS states on a subregion of Rindlerspace that infinitely extends in the direction of travel of a uniformly accelerated Rindler-observer. Exploring the consequences of this result, I will present new insights on the asymptotic behaviour of such KMS states and how this fits into the picture drawn by Buchholz and Solveen.

This dissertation presents some of the recent developments in the modelling of shape spaces. Forming the basis for a quantitative analysis of shapes, this is relevant for many applications involving image recognition and shape classification. All shape spaces discussed in this work arise from the general situation of a Lie group acting isometrically on some Riemannian manifold. The first chapter summarizes the most important results about this general set-up, which are well known in other branches of mathematics. A particular focus is laid on Hamiltonian methods that explore the relation of symmetry and conserved momenta. As a classical example these results are applied to Kendall’s shape space. More recent approaches of continuous shape models are then summarized and put in the same concise framework. In more detail the square root velocity shape representation, recently developed by Srivastava et al., is being discussed. In particular, the phenomenon of unclosed orbits under the action of reparametrization is addressed. This issue is partially resolved by an extended equivalence relation along with a well defined, non-degenerate, metric on the resulting quotient space.

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Inom linja ̈r algebra har varje vektorrum ett s ̊a kallat dualrum, vilket är ett vektorrum bestående av alla linjära funktioner från det ursprungliga rummet till sin kropp. Att beräkna dimensionen av ett dualrum tillhörande ett ändlig-dimensionellt vektorrum är relativt enkelt, för oändlig-dimensionella vektorrum är det mer komplicerat. Den sats vi ska diskutera, Erdős–Kaplansky Satsen, ämnar lösa den frågan med påståendet att ett dualrum tillhörande ett oändlig-dimensionellt vektorrum har dimension lika med sin kardinalitet.