Although everyone knows that rational thinking is so important, people still always make some decisions by irrational emotion. Previous studies of making decisions suggest that decision makers mainly maximize their own profit based on economical principle and also with the ability to assess every decision selection¡¦s benefit and cost. They also indicate that most management level decision makers may use analytical, rational and logical ways to analyze every problem they encounter and when it refers to decision making. In our daily life, what do we exactly conform to the suggestion of rational decision making theories? Is irrational decision making with emotional involvement consistent with our daily choice and important decision? People make all kinds of decisions no matter they are important or easy decision for himself /herself or for the others. In other word, decisions build up and make up our life, so it is important to understand what kind of factors affects our step of decision making. Through reviewing of the essays and theses, induction of the interview information, we realize rational and irrational factors intervene into the process of decision making. In terms to decision making, we choose ¡§marriage¡¨ as our research scope, discuss rational and irrational factor affect decision makers¡¦ thinking through the four step of decision making: information collection, development of programs, selection of program and implementation of program. In the step of information collection, individual will search for rational consideration and irrational element. Decision maker will make the decision and influence by irrational factors which include affection, emotion and feeling. When it comes to implementation, some ideas emerge in their mind.

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Examensarbetets mål är en färdig mobilapplikation som snabbast möjligast avgör avstånd och väg till blodbussar genom olika informationssamlare och som visar upp resultatet i Google Maps. Målet med själva applikationen är att den ska underlätta för användare att ge blod och därmed i förlängningen att den brist på blod som idag råder i Sverige minskar. Att samla information genom att välja och formatera information är ett väldigt smidigt sätt om man är säker på att hemsidan du samlar ifrån inte kommer förändras inom den närmaste framtiden. Möjligheterna för informationssamlande är helt beroende på hur sidan du hämtar informationen ifrån ser ut. Jag har använt Java och Android när jag hämtat information från Blodbussens hemsida. Undersökningen som har gjorts mellan olika informationssamlare hade även den ett mål i sig och det var att jämföra två bibliotek som väljs genom en förstudie för att senare göra själva html-informationssamlingen och så har jag använt en egen klass som använder några utav Android positionsmetoder för att komma från adress till koordinater. Mitt fokus har varit på jämförelsen mellan de olika html-informationssamlarna och jag har utvärderat det i rapporten under resultat. De aspekter jag har haft i åtanke är korrekthet och hastighet. Detta projekt resulterade i en "proof-of-concept"-applikation som visar var de olika bussarna befinner sig relativt till en individs position. Resultatet av förstudien kring de olika informationssamlarna har lett till ökad kunskap inom parsning och bland de två jag jämförde mer grundligt har jag fått större inblick i deras styrkor och svagheter. / The goal of this degree project is to give a complete Native Mobile application which determines the range and route to the bloodmobiles through different information collectors and show the result in Google Maps as fast as possible. The goal with the application is that it should make it easier to donate blood and in the long run terminate the shortage of blood that reign in Sweden. To get information through selecting and formatting information is a very flexible way of getting information if you are certain that the page won’t change anything in a near future. The possibilities of getting information are totally dependent on how the homepage is looking. I have used Java and Android when I have been gathering information from the Blood Bus homepage. The study of the different information collectors also had a goal in itself and that was to examine two libraries which are chosen by a pre-study for the html-information-collector and then I have made a class of my own to go from address to coordinates which are using a few of the location methods from Android. My main focus is on the comparison between the html-information-collector and I have evaluated that in the report under results. The main aspects I have had in mind for my evaluation are correctness and speed. This project resulted in a "proof-of-concept"-application that shows where the different buses are relative to your position. The result of the pre-study about the different information collectors has given me increased knowledge in parsing and insight of the up- and downsides of the two libraries that I compared more thorough.

Den expansiva digitala utvecklingen har bidragit till nya avancerade produkter och tjänster, många av dessa hjälper oss med dagliga bestyr och underlättar vardagen. En virtuell assistent är en produkt som med hjälp av artificiell intelligens är designad för att förenkla vardagen. För att kunna uppnå sitt syfte krävs insamling av data, vilket konsumenten själv måste godkänna. Därmed blir det ett ställningstagande gentemot bekvämlighet i användning av virtuella assistenter och förhållande till integritet. I denna undersökning studeras den komplexa relationen till integritet hos konsumenterna, när det kommer till nytta och strategiskt utnyttjande vid godkännande av datainsamling. Dessutom undersöks hur konsumenterna tror att utvecklingen av assisterna kommer att se ut i framtiden. Aspekterna som behandlas är, enligt tidigare forskning i ämnet, kritiska för klyftan som bildas mellan användning och synen på datainsamling kopplat till integritet. Därför har ämnet undersökts på en djupgående nivå genom intervju med sju respondenter givit sin syn på det hela Slutsatserna som undersökningen presenterar grundas med teori och den insamlade empirin, som visar på att det existerar ett komplext förhållande mellan integritet och datautlämning i samband med virtuella assistenter. Resultatet visar på att behovet av användning i många fall väger tyngre än personlig integritet, men det finns ingen tydlig gräns mellan variablerna. Studien drar dessutom slutsatsen att det finns en utvecklingspotential, både funktionellt och fysiskt. Däremot finns det också en kritisk inställning gentemot utvecklingen när det kommer till utbredning av datainsamling. / The expansive digital development has contributed to new advanced products and services, many of which help us with daily tasks and make everyday life easier. A virtual assistant is a product that, with the help of artificial intelligence, is designed to simplify life. In order to be able to achieve their purpose, collection of data is required, which the consumer must approve themselves. Thus, it becomes a stance towards convenience in the use of virtual assistants and the relationship towards integrity. This study examines the complex relationship against consumer integrity, when it comes to utility and strategic utilization of approving data collection. The study also examines how consumers believe that the development of virtual assistants will appear in the future. The aspects that are treated are, according to previous research in the subject, critical of the gap that is formed between use and the view of data collection linked to integrity. Therefore, the subject has been investigated at on a depth level through interviews with seven respondents who have given their views on the subject. The conclusions that the study presents are based on theory and the collected empirical data, which shows that there is a complex relationship between integrity and data disclosure in virtual assistants. The results show that the need for usage in many cases outweighs personal integrity, but there is no clear boundary between these variables. The study also concludes that there is a development potential, both functionally and physically. Although, there is a critical attitude towards the development when it comes to the expansion of data collection.

The purpose of this project is to describe and explain the foreign investment decision process in the uncertain and turbulent environment of transition economy. By getting an in-depth understanding of how decision-making works in the environment of transition economy, the study intends to contribute to the development of business administration theory in the area of foreign investment decision-making, particularly its application in the turbulent and uncertain world. Theoretical ‘blocks’, elaborated on the basis of literature study, include the following concepts: the framework of transition economy; initial motivation (or reasons) of companies to make foreign direct investments (FDI); investigation of the investment climate and information collection methods; project evaluation and investment decision criteria; risk assessment factors and risk reduction measures. Transition economy is defined in the study as ‘a non-planned, non-market economy’ where the new emerging market institutions coexist with the bureaucracy and hierarchy inherited from the old administrative system. Investment projects, therefore, should probably be seen as being under institutional influence from both the local (i.e. transition economy) and the Western investor’s home country environments. The empirical data presented in the paper also shows that it is necessary to establish the relevant economic, legal, political and social institutions in order to attract FDI. The study further includes the analysis of the main components and features of transition economies and their influence on FDI decision-making. One of the results of the study is that FDI decision-making in transition economies is largely consistent with different theoretical approaches suggested in the literature. On the other hand, the empirical support obtained for different theoretical approaches is often questionable and opened to alternative interpretations. The presented project suggests that theoretical perspectives do not preclude each other, but rather have a complimentary character. The study attempts to contribute to the mainstream FDI theories through a firm-level approach based on the case studies. Two in-depth case studies are presented in the paper: Ericsson’s direct investments in Russia and Vattenfall’s investments in the Baltic countries. A formal questionnaire based on the parameters of theoretical ‘blocks’ was created and 25 top executives from Ericsson and Vattenfall who participated in FDI decision-making were surveyed. The empirical investigation took place during the period 1997 - 1998 with partial updating of the cases during the year 2000.  The study shows that where companies confront stable environments, investment decision routines and procedures will be less necessary and important than where market uncertainty is high. The strong appreciation of the local business partners for properly done investment calculations increases the importance of capital budgeting in transition economies more than in developed market economies. Besides, traditional investment appraisal methods provide managers with an ‘objective’ or ‘materialistic’ feedback for the decision-making in the rapidly changing uncertain environment. On the other hand, the study emphasises the importance of strategy over financial techniques and argues that FDI decisions in transition economies should be based on methods consistent with the company’s long-term objectives. In case of permanent changes, new approaches as well as better co-ordination of traditional techniques with strategic, political, historical, geographical and cultural issues are required. Ericsson’ s direct investments in Russia are presented in the paper in connection with other factors: the company’s historical involvement in Russia, marketing strategy, human resource development, privatisation and restructuring of the telecommunication sector in Russia, etc. Nordic Electric Power Co-operation (Nordel), the EU’ s decision in 1996 to create an internal electricity market in Europe, Baltic ring study, future plans to privatise the energy companies in the Baltic countries, etc., are the framework to present the second case. An application of project evaluation and risk assessment techniques for broader and more complicated environments shows that investment decision-making is probably as much, if not more, a social, political and cultural technology as an economic one. The study argues then that the rational choice decision-making model often co-exists with alternative models elaborated in social science - limited rationality, political and garbage can. According to the empirical data, the investment decisions are largely based on intuition, business experience and judgement, personal contacts with representatives from the local country, and these investment criteria are inevitable and acceptable in a situation of total chaos and permanent change. The right chosen partner, for example, is one of the major criteria for the success of the investment project in a transition economy. One of the outcomes of this study is that the revitalised form of investment decision-making will differ rather markedly from much of what has gone before: less emphasis on the quantitative aspects of capital budgeting, more on the qualitative aspects of companies and investment environment. The project also argues that determinants, approaches and criteria of investment activity in transition economies are largely consistent with patterns observed in other parts of the world. A few specific environmental conditions of transition economies, however, are shown in the study to affect the pattern of FDI decision-making. The level of turbulence is still different compared to the developed market economies due to uncertainties and unpredictibilities associated with environment of transition economies. Other major differences are the large power distance with authoritarian leadership, strong hierarchy and bureaucracy as well as the vital role of personal contacts in transition economies. It is not clear, however, if these features of transition economies should be seen as inherited from the past communist system or as an alternative way to organise the economic actors through networks, a way that is natural and appropriate for the majority of Asian societies.

This research is concerned with the nature and extent of problems experienced by detectives in the collection, processing and utilisation of crime information for the investigation of crime. The problems gave rise to poor detective performance. The development of information-led policing offers an alternative to the traditional ”reactive” model of investigation of crime. Information-led policing advocates the targeting, gathering, analysis and dissemination of information which is used to inform decisions about the prioritisation of problems and allocation of resources to address the problems (Cope, as quoted by Alison, 2005:93). The purpose of this study is to determine the strengths and weaknesses in the collection, processing and utilisation of crime information at the Rustenburg Detective Service, to find new knowledge that can improve the situation, and to apply the found knowledge to enhance the performance of detectives. / Criminology / M.Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

This research is concerned with the nature and extent of problems experienced by detectives in the collection, processing and utilisation of crime information for the investigation of crime. The problems gave rise to poor detective performance. The development of information-led policing offers an alternative to the traditional ”reactive” model of investigation of crime. Information-led policing advocates the targeting, gathering, analysis and dissemination of information which is used to inform decisions about the prioritisation of problems and allocation of resources to address the problems (Cope, as quoted by Alison, 2005:93). The purpose of this study is to determine the strengths and weaknesses in the collection, processing and utilisation of crime information at the Rustenburg Detective Service, to find new knowledge that can improve the situation, and to apply the found knowledge to enhance the performance of detectives. / Criminology and Security Science / M.Tech. (Forensic Investigation)