Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:32:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:10:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 02677.pdf: 9140432 bytes, checksum: f0be409c61becbad410d2fbe09c0d35b (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Escola de Comunicacoes e Artes - ECA/USP

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to determine what is known from the literature about the use of Clinical Information Systems (CIS’s) to support the information needs of individual health care providers (HCP), in particular the nurse case manager, and the inter-professional team providing chronic illness care in the community setting. Methods and Analysis: This is a scoping review with a pilot study for feasibility. MEDLINE, CINAHL, and WEB OF SCIENCE were searched up to April 2017. Reference lists and a citation manager of included studies were searched to identify further studies. Relevant full text papers were obtained and screened against inclusion criteria. Data from eligible articles was extracted using a predefined extraction form. Thematic narrative descriptions and descriptive statistics were used to summarize findings. Nurse case managers were recruited from diabetes and chronic kidney disease clinics for an exploratory questionnaire and follow up interview. Descriptive content analysis and nonparametric statistics were used to summarize findings of the pilot study. Results: 45 articles were identified meeting the inclusion criteria. Three themes emerged (1) patient information elements (2) visualization formats, techniques, and organization and (3) visualization of patient information elements. Diagnostics and observations were the most frequently mentioned information elements. Text was the main representation format. Four participants completed the pilot study initial questionnaire and one completed the follow up interview. There was 100% agreement for 11 elements. Six themes emerged (1) required information can change (2) information is required for different purposes (3) information required for communication is related to nurse case manager concerns (4) required information varies depending on the discipline reviewing it (5) certain types of information need to be grouped together and (6) it is difficult for a HCP to visualize what is necessary in a CIS without first seeing or trying it. Recommendations: The recommendations are a concept-oriented view customizable to the role of the HCP to display: diagnostics, outcomes and comparisons as graphs and colour coded, observations, medications, problem lists, clinical events, guidelines, the care plan, clinician to clinician communication, patient to clinician communication and clinician to patient communication as text, and clinical events as a timeline. Conclusion: This review and accompanying pilot study is a starting point for a framework of guidelines with the recommendations of proposed patient information elements and the visualization formats, techniques and organization. / Graduate

Please read the abstract (Summary) in the section 00front of this document / Thesis (D Phil (Information Science))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Information Science / unrestricted

Background The transition to adulthood is a time of information needs for youth living with cerebral palsy (CP) and their parents. Access to information and being provided information may assist youth and their parents in making informed decisions. Youth with CP and parents of youth living with CP have reported lack of information as a challenge during the transition to adulthood. Little is known about the information needs of youth with CP and parents during the transition to adulthood from their perspective. Objectives and Methods The objective of this thesis was to explore the information needs of youth with CP and parents during the transition to adulthood. A scoping review was conducted seeking to understand what was known in the transition literature about the information needs of youth with CP and parents (Chapter 2). To clarify the methodological framework of this dissertation the application of interpretive description (ID) to a case study example within childhood disability research was explored (Chapter 3). The information needs during transition in a sample of young adults living with CP were explored using ID (Chapter 4). The information needs of parents of youth with CP currently in the transition to adulthood were then explored, using ID because it was learned in the study of adults living with CP that their parents initiated information seeking or had information needs of their own during transition (Chapter 5). Findings Primary findings from this dissertation include the recognition, from both the scoping review and the two studies, that both youth living with CP and parents of youth living with CP in the transition to adulthood have information needs during the transition to adulthood. More specifically, both youth and parents are seeking to receive information related to goals in adult life, such as employment, postsecondary education, leaving the family home and relationships. Youth prefer to receive their information from peers living with CP. Parents prefer to receive information from peers, but some also desire a direct connection with service providers. Other parents recommend adults living with CP as an information source. Youth and parents agree that information should be delivered in individualized tailored ways. In addition to rehabilitation professionals, youth and parents highlighted the need for information from educators and other community providers. Implications for Clinical Practice Rehabilitation professionals have an important role in helping to provide tailored information. Rehabilitation professionals can initiate conversations about the transition to adulthood around the beginning of high school that focus on improving the self-management of youth of their own transitional journey. In addition to having conversations with clients, rehabilitation professionals should also connect clients with community supports. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Near Field Communication (NFC) approach may be seen as a perspective way to improve user experience of quick data access with mobile devices to various services (secure payments, information exchange between users, etc.) in a city. This thesis concerns the topic of challenges which may be faced by interaction designers using this approach for creating a context-aware mobile solution for personalized data access in service-intensive urban environments. This research is based on considerations from researches, which explored which mobile information needs in particular seemed to be relevant for a modern user. Moreover, affordances and design blends concept are discussed in this work through a prism of the human-computer interaction in a city. ‘Research through design’ concept allowed performing the investigation of the given problem, starting from a user research, followed by prototyping an alternative solution and after - user evaluation of the prototype. Finally, a critical overview of the performed research gives suggestions for further improvement of the project.

The aim of this study was to determine the information-seeking behaviour, needs and preferences of doctors, specifically with reference to Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) in the UK. This is particularly relevant during the current IT and resource development currently being undertaken in the NHS. Mixed methods research techniques were utilised to gather and analyse the data collected to meet the aims and objectives of this study. Three data collection methods have been utilised. The first utilised Clinical Librarians to count the information needs (questions) of doctors (Clinical Librarians Logs). The second data collection method gathered clinical questions from clinical librarians (specialists), medical librarians (generalists) and from websites hosting clinical questions (such as http://www.attract.wales.nhs.uk). These were analysed using the taxonomy developed by Ely et al. 2000. Finally an online questionnaire was used to gather data on doctors' awareness and use of electronic EBM resources. The major finding is that research undertaken on the information needs in the healthcare sector in the USA cannot be readily utilised in the NHS. This research utilised a unique data collection technique, the Clinical Librarian as a data collector. This enabled the quantification of doctors unperceived information needs. This research identified that doctors in the UK asked roughly one question for every four patients seen. Despite the advances and ease of use of electronic resources, the preferred information source was colleagues. Time continues to be the major barrier for accessinge lectronici nformation to aid clinical decision making.

In the United Kingdom (UK) historic houses form part of the tourism and leisure market. Heritage encompasses a wide variety of establishments including historic houses, historic gardens, heritage centres, town centres, countryside and museums. The UK has a vast cultural resource in this respect and the research intends to concentrate on establishments that are known as the "built heritage" and that are often described as "historic" or "country houses". Millions of visitors annually visit properties to experience an insight into earlier periods of British history and culture. Many operate similarly to small businesses and often have a more diverse range of needs. A model was developed for the study to show the information needs of historic houses and the information seeking behaviour of those managing historic houses. Data have been collected both via questionnaires and interviews. The questionnaires involved the investigation of those managing (owners, administrators, custodians) heritage establishments. The interview questions were put directly to individuals responsible for properties from a geographically dispersed area, with different categories of ownership (English Heritage, National Trust, private, local authority) and with different levels of visitor traffic. The survey focused on diversity of activities, information provision, use of information, developments (including technology) and collaboration. Historic houses have been part of a growing sector, allied to the growth in the leisure industry, which has led to increasing demands on their time and finances. In a world that increasingly provides more information than can be handled effectively by any one individual, properties need to be able to make effective use of this to protect the heritage for future generations. Building on the empirical work recommendations are made on policy making, education, audits, co-operation and technology to improve the provision and management of information within the sector to support these establishments. The research represents the first study to investigate the existing situation of historic houses and their information needs in the UK, to try and provide an overview of the sector and information provision and how that might be improved.

In recent years, there has been an increasing demand to study the information needs and information-seeking behaviour of doctors as an essential element in developing successful clinical information systems and improving the quality of healthcare services. This doctoral thesis focuses on exploring the information needs and information seeking behaviour of doctors in Kuwait government hospitals (KGH). The aims are to investigate the internal and external information sources used by doctors in Kuwait government hospitals and to analyse whether the existing clinical information sources meet their needs. A strategy of sequential, mixed-method procedures was followed to gather the research data using focus groups, a paper-based questionnaire and semi-structured telephone interviews. The participants of the research included all categories of doctors (consultants, senior specialists, specialists, senior registrar, registrar, assistant registrar and trainees), working in four government hospitals: Mubarak AI Kabeer, AI Sabaha, AI Farwania and AI Amiri in Kuwait. The findings of the study show that the most frequently mentioned need for information was to keep up-to-date to maintain good practice. It was found that interpersonal communication and a doctor's personal collection, consisting primarily of electronic resources, were the sources most frequently reported as used by the doctors. However, the degree of use of clinical information sources showed that doctors' information seeking varied depending on the clinical scenario. Doctors' knowledge and patient data were the doctors' most frequently used sources of information in the three clinical scenarios: outpatients, wards and the emergency department. There was a low use of knowledge-support resources such as the Internet and library resources in the outpatient and emergency rooms. However, use of the knowledge-support resources was highest in the wards. The results showed some contextual factors either supported or hindered doctors in seeking the information they need. The factors were categorised in the following contexts: a) Organisation context, b) Socio-cultural context; c) Information sources context and d) Scenarios context. Doctors made a number of suggestions for effective information communication and improving the information provision system in KGH. Two conceptual models result from the study findings: a clinical decision-making model scenario· and the overall conceptual model of information seeking by doctors in Kuwait government hospitals. The thesis concludes with recommendations and practical implications to enhance the information provision in KGH. Suggestions for further research are also given.

Introdução: O ser humano na sua condição social, precisa necessariamente da intervenção de outro ser nas suas funções. Na área da saúde, o profissional, vivencia situações e diante do acúmulo de informações recuperadas na Internet, necessita de um mediador que torne possível transformar essa informação em conhecimento. Nos últimos 20 anos, temos verificado um aumento gradativo e descontrolado na quantidade de documentos bibliográficos em todas as áreas do conhecimento, mas especialmente na biomédica. Objetivo: Considerando que a internet e a tecnologia da informação são amplamente disponíveis atualmente, alguns estudos sugerem que as bibliotecas e os bibliotecários podem vir a se tornar instituições obsoletas no cenário acadêmico. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o perfil de usuários da biblioteca em nossa instituição, além de tentar verificar o papel da mediação informal desempenhada pelos bibliotecários neste contexto. Métodos: 570 usuários da Biblioteca da FMUSP, que visitaram nossa biblioteca no período de dezembro de 2012 a Abril de 2013, foram convidados a responder um breve questionário, sobre seus hábitos de busca de conhecimentos na literatura. O questionário foi mandado e respondido por e-mail. O perfil destes usuários foi analisado e a seguir, os participantes foram divididos em 2 grupos. Grupo 1 (n=190): receberam qualquer auxilio do bibliotecário durante suas buscas, grupo 2 (n= 52): acessaram a informação de maneira independente, sem a mediação do bibliotecário. Analisamos algumas características destes dois grupos. Resultados e conclusões: O presente estudo permitiu caracterizar que a maioria dos usuários que compareceu à biblioteca era do sexo feminino e que estão na faixa etária entre trinta e quarenta anos, sendo na maioria médicos jovens e estudantes de medicina, habituados a usar as bases de dados. A maioria recebeu algum tipo de mediação formal ou informal dos bibliotecários no acesso à informação. Sendo que este auxílio pode ter influenciado no uso de descritores em suas buscas. Com esta pesquisa, foi possível avaliar algumas das necessidades informacionais dos respondentes. Tais informações aliadas à extensa revisão da literatura podem ser úteis para balizar futuras intervenções dos profissionais da biblioteca para otimizar seu papel na mediação. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos / Introduction: Human beings in their social condition necessarily need the intervention of another being in his duties. In healthcare, professional, experiences and situations before the accumulation of information retrieved on the Internet, you need a broker that makes it possible to transform this information into knowledge. Over the past 20 years, we have seen a gradual and uncontrolled increase in the amount of bibliographic documents in all areas of knowledge, but especially in biomedical. AIMS: Considering that the internet and the information technology are widely available nowadays, some studies suggest that libraries and librarians may become obsolete in the academic scenery. The purpose of the present study was to access the profile of library users in our institution, as well as to evaluate the need for mediation by the librarians in a Medical School. METHODS: 570 individuals that visited our library from December 2012 to April 2013 were invited to respond to a brief questionnaire addressing their habits when pursuing scientific information. The questionnaire was sent and responded by email. 419 participants were post graduate students and the others were physicians from our institution. The population was divided in two groups. Group 1 (n= 190): submitted to library training in searching information, group 2 (n= 52): accessed information by themselves without mediation. We analyzed the differences in behavior between those two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The majority of individuals that used our library were, females, with a mean age of 39 years and most of them physicians or medical students. The great majority were frequent users and had personal experience in the library before. No differences in behavior were observed between groups in terms of frequency, data base, or use of key words. The present work has inumerous limitations, but may useful inhelping librarians improve their technique facing the new era of information

I Sverige insjuknar varje år minst 25-30 000 människor i stroke. Risken att drabbas ökar med starkt stigande ålder. De flesta som drabbas är över 65 år. Människor som drabbats av stroke vårdas allt kortare tid på akutsjukvård vilket kan innebära att närstående får ta ett större ansvar efter utskrivning. Flera studier visar att informationsbehovet kring stroke är stort, men de flesta studier bygger på vad den drabbade behöver för information. Få studier är gjorda som konkret visar vilken information närstående efterfrågar under vårdtiden. För att kunna förbättra informationsgivningen på sjukhuset är det viktigt att ta del av närståendes egna upplevelser av vilken information de behöver få.Syftet är att beskriva hur information om den anhöriges sjukdom, vård och behandling erfars av närstående till personer som drabbats av stroke, under tiden den anhörige vårdas på sjukhus. Metoden som används är fenomenologi med ett livsvärldsperspektiv. Resultatet grundar sig på sex intervjuer med närstående. I analysen framträdde innebörden av hur information om den anhöriges sjukdom, vård och behandling erfars av de närstående och innebörden beskrivs som; ”Att vara oförberedd på att få information”, ”Att vara osäker på vem som har ansvar för min anhörige”, Att vara oinvigd om vad som sker under en dag på avdelningen”, samt ”Att känna oro inför utskrivning och framtiden”. Resultatet beskriver att samtliga informanter är överens om att mer information borde ges av vårdpersonalen och att grunden för all information och kommunikation kräver en engagerad och tillmötesgående vårdpersonal. / <p>Program: Fristående kurs</p><p>Uppsatsnivå: D</p>