Dans une interview de 2007, Michael Spence, lauréat du prix Nobel d’économie en 2001, à la question « existe-t-il un leader du logiciel de gestion de risque ? » répond : « La place est à prendre ». Nous souhaitons démontrer qu’une méthodologie de recherche d’information basée sur la déclaration de « liaisons de connaissances », « pensée » sous la forme d’hypothèse de recherche, est capable de contribuer à anticiper une crise dans le domaine pharmaceutique. Le concept est d’anticiper les possibles dangers pour la poursuite des travaux scientifiques sur la transgénèse animale, en surveillant l’environnement de cette discipline. Pour cela nous avons identifié 8 risques potentiels, et identifié les leviers des phénomènes d’influences. Lorsqu’une des hypothèses de recherche se renforce, alors une actualisation des connaissances sur une thématique est émise, un peu à la manière des signaux d’alertes précoces. Une information qualifiée en connaissances est alors proposée aux décideurs. Le challenge à relever est de travailler simultanément sur des bases de données structurées et sur des données non structurées extraites d’Internet, de sorte de proposer un enrichissement en connaissances du document, sous la forme d’une métadonnée supplémentaire, s’affranchissant de la maîtrise des langages d’indexation, et optimisant la recherche d’information en adéquation avec les besoins, les attentes, et les liaisons de connaissances du décideur explicitées dans le profil de veille. Ce profil de veille personnalisé, qui détecte qu’une hypothèse de recherche émise devient forte, intègre le phénomène d’interprétation. Par analogie, citons la méthodologie des chercheurs lors de leurs travaux de bibliographie papier : en feuilletant des revues, ils mettent instantanément en relief l’information parce que des connexions de connaissances intuitives se sont construites. Pour transposer cette opération et l’automatiser, le profil de veille concentre un ensemble de connaissances implicites et explicites, autant d’informations, support du processus d’interprétation. Ainsi, on glisse de la veille vers l’intelligence économique, un environnement dans lequel un documentaliste peut se révéler l’acteur clé de cette méthodologie / In 2007, Michael Spence, 2001 Nobel-prize-winning economist, when asked “is there a leading solution in risk management”, he answered “there is an opportunity”. Information Retrieval Methodology is becoming an indispensable tool to manage risk and provide support to an efficient decision making. This PhD work validates this thesis on an example of Research and Development of transgenic animal technologies. In particular we demonstrate the strength of this methodology in context of development of an early warning system focused on detection of 8 risks and lobbying actions designed to influence legislation and public opinion. A conventional bibliographic research based on keyword search tends to give a large corpus with number of irrelevant documents and documents often ranked inadequately in terms of importance. The end-user is thus forced to browse the suggested documents manually in search for relevant information. Intuitively he or she may identify non-obvious relations between the collected information and the subject based on his/her understanding of the field. However such documents would be discarded or low-ranked in a conventional search. Our search methodology automatises this natural interpretation and understanding process. In practice this challenge is addressed by adding extra metadata to structured databases including internet web sites. This metadata provide indexation of search results by means of an in-depth knowledge based on the facts and relations (i.e. understanding) between them as provided by the end user. Furthermore our approach avoids the need to master multiple indexation languages and overrides the Google search ranking system. Hence this methodology combines information retrieval with features of competitive intelligence build through close cooperation between the information scientists and end-users

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No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Tamires Neves Conceição - PPGCI-UFBA 2017.pdf: 2426482 bytes, checksum: 306d5a401e3040007735f9ed916655cd (MD5) / Capes / O contexto social atual interliga os aspectos informacionais com os processos tecnológicos, visando proporcionar um amplo desenvolvimento da disseminação da informação e a Ciência da Informação, como um modelo de ciência social aplicada objetiva prover o acesso à informação ao indivíduo, através da transmissão, do armazenamento, do registro, ou seja, em todo o processo que envolve a mediação informacional. Objetiva compreender como as teorias, técnicas e práticas de Ciência da Informação podem atuar no processo de inclusão e acessibilidade sociais e no empoderamento de pessoas com deficiência visual, promovido pela informação audiodescritiva, área que vem sendo desenvolvida, atualmente, por profissionais advindos em sua maioria das áreas de Letras, Pedagogia e Comunicação. Caracteriza a importância da Ciência da Informação no contexto das ações de preservação e políticas de salvaguarda dos materiais audiodescritos por grupos e núcleos de pesquisa de Universidades Federais da Bahia, de Minas Gerais, de Pernambuco e da Estadual do Ceará, relacionando as teorias, práticas e técnicas da Ciência da Informação, com o desenvolvimento da informação audiodescritiva no país. O percurso metodológico resultou em uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória, quantitativa e qualitativa, desenvolvida por um levantamento bibliográfico e pela aplicação de questionários online aos grupos e núcleos de pesquisa, baseado na amostragem não-aleatória por julgamento e nos procedimentos estatístico e comparativo, cujo método de abordagem adotado foi o dialético materialista. São analisados os conceitos e aspectos da informação audiodescritiva, tecnologia assistiva, pessoa com deficiência visual, legislação da audiodescrição, memória social, preservação e salvaguarda. O aspecto problemático observado foi a falta de conhecimento da maioria dos profissionais audiodescritores sobre as ações de preservação e políticas de salvaguarda dos materiais audiodescritos produzidos pelos grupos e núcleos que esses fazem parte, impossibilitando que eles possam aplicar corretamente as ações de preservação, pois como a maioria não compreende a diferença entre os termos (preservação e salvaguarda), consequentemente não possuem um plano de políticas de salvaguarda, o que pode dificultar o desenvolvimento da memória social da audiodescrição no Brasil. Entre os aspectos positivos obtidos, destaca-se a relevância da Ciência da Informação neste diálogo com a informação audiodescritiva, pois através da expertise da área, o campo da audiodescrição terá efetivos ganhos no processo da memória social da temática que vem sendo construída pelos grupos e núcleos de pesquisa analisados. Diante das evidencias apontadas constatou-se que apesar da legislação brasileira existente sobre a temática, o processo de inclusão e acessibilidade sociais que a audiodescrição pode oferecer a esse público ainda está muito distante do ideal. É preciso que as áreas do saber dialoguem, em específico neste caso, a Ciência da Informação e as áreas de Letras, Pedagogia e Comunicação de onde são oriundos os profissionais que lidam com a temática da audiodescrição, atualmente, e promovam ações que colaborem com as políticas públicas e ampliem o acesso da informação audiodescritiva aos seus usuários, pois apenas um único discurso não tem o mesmo impacto que a união de ações dos pesquisadores, governo, das pessoas com deficiência visual e da sociedade civil em geral. / ABSTRACT - The present social context connects informational aspects with technological processes, with the purpose of providing broad development in the dissemination of information and Information Science, as a model of applied social sciences aims to provide the individual with access to information, through transmission, storage, registration, in other words, all the processes comprising information mediation. It aims to understand how theories, techniques and practices of Information Science can act in the process of inclusion and social accessibility and in the empowerment of people with visual impairment, promoted by audio descriptive information, an area that is currently being developed by professionals coming mostly from the areas of Literature, Pedagogy and Communication. It characterizes the importance of the actions of the Information Science in the context of preservation actions and safeguarding policies of audio descriptive materials by groups and research centers of the Federal Universities of Bahia, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco and Ceará, connecting theories, practices and techniques of Information Science, with the development of audio descriptive information in the country. The methodological course resulted in a research of a exploratory, quantitative and qualitative nature, developed through bibliographical survey, and through the application of online questionnaires to research groups and centers, based on a non-random by judgment sample and on statistical and comparative procedures, using the dialectical-materialist approach. The concepts and aspects are analyzed related to audio descriptive information, assistive technology, the visually impaired, the audio description legislation, social memory, and preservation and safeguarding. The problematic aspect observed was the lack of knowledge of most of the audio descriptive professionals on the preservation actions and safeguarding policies of the audio descriptive material produced by the groups and centers to which they were a party to, hindering the correct application of the preservation actions, once they most do not understand the difference between the terms (preservation and safeguarding), consequently they do not have any plan for safeguarding policies, which could impair the development of the social memory of audio description in Brazil. Among the positive aspects obtained, emphasis is given to the relevance of Information Science in this dialogue with audio descriptive information, once through the expertise of the area, the field of audio description will have effective gains in the process of social memory of the theme which is being constructed by the research groups and centers under analysis. In view of the outlined evidences, it was observed that despite the existence of a Brazilian legislation on this matter, the process of social inclusion and accessibility that audio description could offer to this public is still far from ideal. It is necessary that the fields of knowledge dialogue, and specifically, in this case, Information Sciences and the areas of Language, Pedagogy and Communication where professionals that deal with the theme of audio description are formed, and that they may promote actions collaborating with the public policies and broaden access of audio descriptive information to the users, once a single discourse does not have the same impacts as the joint action of the researchers, government, the visually impaired and the civil society as a whole.