Tyrimų duomenimis, Lietuvos žmonių pilietinis aktyvumas dažniausiai pasireiškia vienkartiniu dalyvavimu protesto akcijose, dalyvaujant viešose diskusijose, pasirašant peticiją ar kt. Per penkis metus pilietinėse akcijose dalyvavo labai mažas skaičius apklaustųjų, to priežastis – netikėjimas, kad nuo to kas nors pasikeis. Mokykla įvardijama, kaip labiausiai prisidedanti prie pilietiškumo ugdymo.Teigiama, kad Lietuvoje reikia ieškoti būdų, kaip veiksmingiau perteikti pilietines žinias. Tad tyrimui buvo išsikeltas probleminis klausimas - Kaip prie švietimo misijos kurti pilietiškesnę visuomenę prisideda informacinės komunikacinės technologijos? Tyrimo tikslas - ištirti IKT vadmenį pilietiniame ugdyme. Tiksliui pasiekti buvo išanalizuota informacinės visuomenės samprata, aptarta IKT reikšmė ir taikymas mokyklos veikloje, apibūdintas pilietinis ugdymas bei atliktas tyrimas. Tyrimui taikytas pusiau struktūruoto interviu metodas. Tyrimo metu apklausta 10 pilietinio ugdymo mokytojų iš Kauno vidurinių mokyklų ir gimnazijų. / Lithuanian people's civic participation usually gets a one-off participation in protests, participation in the public debate, signing a petition, or others. The school is listed as the most contributing to citizenship. It is argued that Lithuania should look for ways to more effectively convey the civic knowledge. For investigation was raised problematic question – how information and communication technologies contributes to mission creating citizen - education society? The aim - to investigate the role of ICT in civic education. To achieve the objectives of the analysis of the information society concept, was discussed the meaning and application of ICT in the school activity, described civic education and carried out a study. Investigation was done using semi-structured interview method. During the survey 10 civil education teachers from Kaunas high school and gymnasium was interviewed.

Managerial work has been described as fragmented, action-oriented, and highly interpersonal, leaving limited room for formal planning and analysis. Even so, managers are expected to engage with accounting information for planning and analysing their area of responsibility. Accounting information has, however, been found to be tardy, aggregated, and incomplete, leading managers to rely on a wide set of additional informational resources. Still, managers’ doings and concerns tend to remain largely in the background in much management accounting research, which leaves us with limited knowledge of how accounting information comes into play in managers’ work. Moreover, technologies aimed at accommodating managers’ information needs are becoming increasingly sophisticated, and allow for timelier and more precise accounting information. This gradual transformation of technologies has led to questions concerning how management accounting is practised, and how it is related to accounting information systems. The aim of this dissertation is to identify roles of accounting information in managerial work in order to better understand the link between managerial work and management accounting systems. The dissertation consists of two volumes, each with three papers and a summary appraisal. The empirical material consists of interviews with a cross-sectional sample of mainly first-line managers, and a study of a construction firm including interviews with higher- and lower-level managers, observations of workshops where higher-level managers and staff discuss the management accounting systems, and internal documents. Overall, this dissertation suggests four roles of accounting information, based on its capacity to serve as representation, translation, key and perspective. Essentially, these roles reflect the ability of accounting information to both aggregate and disaggregate “reality”. The potential of each of these roles is shaped by managerial, organisational and technological issues, and is not always easily realised. The potential of these roles is particularly challenged in an environment with many local contexts. By accentuating what makes accounting information more and less valuable vis-à-vis other informational resources, this dissertation adds clarity to the emerging body of literature on managers’ situated use of accounting information, and to the debate on information technologies and management accounting.

This paper uses survey data by the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKEx) from 1991-2013 to test the role that institutional ownership has on the relative informational efficiency of stock prices in the Hang Seng Index, using the R2 of stock prices as a measurement of efficiency. This paper finds that on the aggregate level, the presence of institutional ownership is positively associated with R2, reflecting a negative effect on the level of information incorporated into stock prices. However, in isolating foreign institutions, the relationship with R2 reverses, and I find a positive correlation with the informational efficiency of stock prices. Moreover, this paper finds that a period characterized by high growth in institutional shareholding does not necessarily correspond to a greater level of improvement in the informational environment of stock markets. The results however, lack significance, perhaps due to the shortcomings of the survey data which is limited to 21 annual observations when incorporating a t-1 year lag. With more observations we would expect a substantial increase in the significance of the coefficient on our explanatory variables.

This study explores fatherhood in contemporary Canadian society by drawing on the experiences of nine full-time care-giving fathers in Vancouver, Canada. Using a social constructionist epistemology, the study explored how fathers who are primary caregivers to their young children construct masculinity, how they enact primary care-giving, and how they can be better supported within communities. Fathers were recruited through posters in community centres and through snowball sampling and volunteered to participate in interviews lasting between one and three hours. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed and analysed using pragmatic thematic analysis. Three key themes were constructed to represent the fathers’ self-reported experiences: fathers’ enactment of primary care-giving; fathers’ constructions of masculinity within dominant discourses of masculinity and care; and father’s support needs. Findings suggest that for these primary care-giving fathers, care-giving is active and adventurous, and egalitarian beliefs and roles regarding child care and domestic responsibility predominate within their co-parenting relationship. Traditional Euro-western masculine ideology tends to give way to a “hybrid” ideology that emphasizes affection, emotional intelligence, and caring for one’s family as a whole. Fathers indicated a preference for supports that are self-sought such as the internet and support from partners, and informal supports such as community events and time with peers to structured supports provided by community programs. Fathers who reported benefits from formal community programs offered insight into father-friendly practices. Stigma about primary care-giving by fathers was a significant theme constructed from the data. Implications for community programs for families and primary care-giving fathers in particular are discussed. / Graduate

Thesis (M.A.T.) -- School for International Training, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 41-56).

Analisa as funções do arquivo como esfera pública informacional, tendo como fundamento teórico a Teoria da Ação Comunicativa, de Jurgen Habermas. Destaca a importância do direito à informação e acesso às informações arquivísticas na construção da cidadania. Reflete sobre a função social dos arquivos na gestão da informação, e seu papel de mediador das informações públicas, garantindo a transparência das ações do Estado, na consolidação da democracia. A partir do estudo das correspondências remetidas pelos cidadãos, para o Prefeito de Porto Alegre, Olívio Dutra, entre os anos de 1988 e 1990, analisa os conteúdos informacionais e as estratégias de comunicação utilizadas pelos cidadãos como forma de participação e de controle sobre ações governamentais. As cartas são tratadas como narrativas dos cidadãos, pois elas são uma forma de comunicação com o governo municipal, além de darem visibilidade aos problemas do cotidiano da cidade e outros temas de interesse coletivo. Conclui que os arquivos públicos como fontes de informações são elementos essenciais para garantir o acesso às informações públicas e auxiliar na ampliação da cidadania, pois subsidiam os cidadãos para a participação no debate público sobre os temas de interesse da sociedade. / This work examines the role played by archives as an informational public sphere, based on Jurgen Habermas’s concept of Public Sphere. It stresses the importance of the right to information and access to archivistic information on construction of citizenship. It reflects upon the social role played by archives on information management and as mediator of public information, guaranteeing the transparency of the actions taken by the State in consolidating democracy. Based on the study of letters sent by citizens to Porto Alegre Mayor Olívio Dutra in 1988, 1989 and 1990, the work examines the informational content and communication strategies they use as a way of participation and control government actions. Letters are seen as citizen’s narratives, since they are a way to communicate with the Municipal Government, besides pointing out everyday problems in the city as well as other issues of collective interest. It concludes that public archives as sources of information are essential elements to guarantee access to public information and help to broaden citizenship, since they assist citizens in their participation in the public debate on issues of interest for society, configuring an informational public sphere.

The diploma thesis deals with problems of algorithmization and programming at elementary schools. It examines the influence of teaching the basics of programming in Scratch on the development of pupils' algorithmic thinking and their ability to develop logical thinking and problem solving. The theoretical part deals with the definition of related concepts and the relation of programming to the key competencies defined by the RVP ZV. The practical part evaluates the experience with the teaching of pupils of the 5th and 6th grades of elementary school within the pedagogical experiment, whose aim was to study the influence of teaching with the use of the visual programming language Scratch on the development of pupils' algorithmic thinking.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o impacto das mudanças ocorridas na condução dos trabalhos da Comissão da Amazônia ao longo de 18 sessões legislativas no que tange ao aspecto informacional. Para alcançá-lo primeiro mapeamos a presença dos órgãos permanentes da Câmara dos Deputados nas Constituições do Brasil e no Regimento Interno da Câmara, identificando a construção histórica da presença temporária ou permanente de órgãos voltados à Amazônia. Em seguida, traçamos o seu perfil e o dos seus integrantes, substancialmente no que se refere às unidades federativas da Amazônia Legal, nossa principal variável, uma vez que nossa hipótese é que os estados de representação dos parlamentares da Amazônia Legal são determinantes para explicar as mudanças e a manutenção do caráter restritivo e de sua característica informacional. Diagnosticamos que os parlamentares da Região sempre foram preferenciais para integrá-la e para ocupar os seus principais cargos, principalmente o de relator que, mesmo durante a intervenção dos ruralistas na 54ª Legislatura, manteve o favoritismo. Contudo, o esforço empreendido pela Frente Parlamentar da Agropecuária para delegar novas atribuições e deslocar sua ênfase da Amazônia se concretizou, inclusive com a alteração do nome para Comissão de Integração Nacional, Desenvolvimento Regional e da Amazônia, a partir da ruptura da hegemonia de dirigentes da Região. O tema estudado é importante para compreender como se estabelece o jogo de poder interno e relevante para ilustrar os interesses que permeiam a condução dos projetos de lei e que acarretaram mudanças estruturais, porém que, ainda assim, não afetaram a sua característica informacional. A vantagem de conduzir o estudo por meio da estatística descritiva foi mostrar gradativamente a condução das mudanças que já vinham despontando havia uma década. Os dados presentes no estudo foram obtidos a partir dos relatórios de atividades anuais, e/ou de informações prestadas pelo Centro de Documentação e Informação da Câmara dos Deputados, e/ou obtidas no portal da Câmara. / The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of changes in the conduct of the work of the Amazon Committee which occurred over of 18 legislative sessions. To achieve this, we first mapped permanent organs in the Brazilian chamber of deputies in the Constitutions of Brazil and the internal regiment, identifying the historical construction of the temporary or permanent presence of organs around the Amazon. Next, we plotted its profile and the profile of its members substantially in regards to the federal units of the legal Amazon, our main variable; our hypotheses being that the representation of parliamentarians of the legal Amazon are determinants to explain the changes and the maintenance of the restrictive informational feature. We diagnosed that the parliamentarians from that region were always in favor of integrating it and occupying the main positions, mainly that of rapporteur which even during the intervention of the 54th Legislature, maintained favoritism. Nevertheless, the efforts undertaken by the Agriculture Livestock Parliamentary Front to delegate new attributions and shift the emphasis from the Amazon became concrete, including the alteration of the name to Committee on National Integration, Regional Development of the Amazon, from the dominance of the leaders of the region. The theme studied is important to understand how the internal power game is established and is relevant to illustrate the interests which permeates the passing of bills and led structural changes, but which nevertheless, don’t affect the informational feature. The advantage of conducting a study through descriptive statistics was to gradually show driving changes which were already emerging for a decade. The data presented in this study was obtained from reports on annual activities and or information provided by the Centre of Documentation and Information of the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies and/or obtained from the website of the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies.

The main purpose of this explanatory sequential mixed-methods study is to examine the current practices of developmental supervision in Saudi Arabia. This study focused on the three approaches of developmental supervision which are, directive informational approach, collaborative approach, and nondirective approach. The data were collected through a self-administered web-based survey on a 4-point Likert scale and subsequent semi-structured interviews. The sample contains male and female teachers from Makkah schools who have different levels of education and teaching experiences. A t-test and a one-way ANOVA were used to compare the participants’ responses. Coding method was used to analyze the qualitative data. The findings indicated that elementary school teachers in Saudi Arabia perceived their supervisors’ practice of developmental approaches to supervision as follows. Supervisors sometimes practiced the directive and collaborative approaches but rarely practiced the nondirective approach. Moreover, gender and years of teaching experience had no impact on participants’ responses regarding the three approaches to developmental supervision. Level of education also had no impact on their responses regarding the directive approach but did appear to affect responses about the collaborative and nondirective approaches. In qualitative phase, the themes were organized within the three approaches under study. The qualitative findings supported the quantitative results, which indicated that the most common supervisory practice has a directive nature. Recommendations were made for future research and for policymakers to establish an appropriate climate to effectively implement developmental supervision or other contemporary approaches to supervision.

[pt] A partir da importância das embalagens como fator primordial de compra e uso de produtos industrializados, propusemo-nos a pesquisar qualitativamente sobre a usabilidade das instruções de uso com imagens pictóricas avaliando seu grau de compreensibilidade através de métodos da Ergonomia Informacional, já aplicados em símbolos gráficos. Os métodos utilizados foram: produção, compreensão, reidentificação, eleição, classe de adequação, distribuição de classes de adequação, estimativa de compreensibilidade e correspondência. Esta pesquisa propõe um método para avaliação comparativa de eficiência desses métodos de compreensibilidade de símbolos gráficos, feito a partir da Técnica de Avaliação Binária por meio de critérios ponderados proposta por David Meister. Esta pesquisa propõe também um método de análise gráfica, feito a partir de folhetos de instruções de uso de colorantes de cabelos adaptada da avaliação heurística de usabilidade de interface proposta pelos pesquisadores Jacob Nielsen e Rolf Molich na década de 90. / [en] From the importance of packaging as a primary factor of buying and using industrial products, we have proposed in the search quality about the usability of instructions for use with pictorial images of comprehensibility through evaluating your level of ergonomic methods, already applied in graphic symbols. The methods used were: production, comprehension, reidentification, election, class of adequacy, suitability classes distribution, estimation of understandability and correspondence. This research proposes a method for comparative assessment of efficiency of these methods of comprehensibility of graphic symbols from Binary Evaluation technique by means of weighted criteria proposed by David Meister. This research proposes also a graphical analysis method made from instructions of use of hair colourants adapted from heuristic evaluation of usability of interface proposed by Jakob Nielsen and Rolf Molich researchers in the 90.